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Source: http://www.doksinet Relecura IP Intelligence Report Electric Vehicle (EV) Technology Battery and Charging Patents Tesla Motors vs. The Rest Relecura Inc. www.relecuracom contact@relecura.com September 2014 Source: http://www.doksinet Background Recent News from the Electric Vehicle (EV) industry: • Tesla has announced that it will not initiate patent lawsuits against anyone who, “ in good faith, wants to use our technology.” [Link] • Tesla and Panasonic are developing nickel based lithium ion battery cells, and are jointly building a large plant to manufacture these batteries. [Link] • BMW has announced that it is willing to open up it’s battery technology patents for use by other companies. [Link] • Toyota signals a move away from EVs to fuel cell cars. [Link] • Tesla is credited with reigniting interest in the plug-in EV among large automakers. • The introduction of Tesla’s Roadster in 2006 – a plug-in electric sports car, powered by Li-ion

batteries, with a range of over 200 miles per charge and an acceleration of 0-60 miles per hour in under 4 seconds - spurred the large automakers to introduce plug-in EV models. [Link] This report tries to address questions such as: • Who are the major patent holders in the EV space and how does their technology IP focus compare with that of Tesla? • How does Tesla’s core IP in battery and charging technology compare with the patent assets of the other major players? • What seems to be the current technology focus of Tesla, as well as the other companies in the EV space? September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 2 Source: http://www.doksinet Key Findings Top EV patent holders vs. Tesla (Tech focus in an approximate order of priority) • • • • Top EV Players Tesla Hybrid vehicles Plug-in electric vehicles Fuel cells Lithium-Ion battery packs Power transmission components Fast charging (Supercharging) Battery control systems Temperature regulation in

batteries Capacitors Battery management Storage systems Safety systems related to battery charging Charging cables and connectors Improving battery life On-board vehicle charging systems & methods Reducing damage during charging and discharging Top EV patent holders include a mix of automakers and battery manufacturers. The list includes Toyota, Nissan, Honda, General Motors, Bosch, and Panasonic. The active markets for EVs are indicated by the preferred jurisdictions for patent filings by the top players. Interestingly China is #1, followed by Japan The US and Europe are #3 and #4 respectively. Sixty percent (60%) of Tesla’s patent portfolio is related to battery packs and charging – their key focus area. The top Lithium battery patent holders are LG, Bosch, Toyota, Sony, Samsung, September 2014 and Hitachi (Toyota is the sole automaker in this group). • In Lithium battery technology, the top players mainly focus on the manufacture of batteries. In comparison

Tesla focuses on systems that make their functioning more efficient, such as battery monitoring, temperature control , and safety systems. • Patent filing trends of the various large automakers seem to suggest that the introduction of Tesla’s Roadster in 2006 prompted the auto majors to reboot their EV related development (as indicated by a dip in filings around that time, followed by an increase). • From their filing history, it would seem that the large automakers are hedging their bets between plug-in EVs and electric or fuel cell hybrids. The are actively filing in both EV and fuel cell related technologies. • Tesla on the other hand is filing in technologies related to plug-in EVs alone, with an emphasis on a range of technologies related to batteries and charging. • In spite of a smaller portfolio than the larger players, Tesla (established in 2003) has significant IP related to battery technology (Li-ion), and charging (fast charging). • General Motors,

Audi, Toyota, Ford, Samsung and Panasonic all cite Tesla patents, indicating a likely overlap in their R&D focus. Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 3 Source: http://www.doksinet Table of Contents 1. 2. Electric Vehicles (EV) - Patent Landscape 3. EV Battery Technology - Patent Portfolio Analysis 4. EV Charging Technology - Patent Portfolio Analysis • EV Technologies - Top Patent Holders • EV Technologies - Filing Trends (Overall) • EV Battery Technology - Top Patent Holders • EV Charging Technology - Top Patent Holders • EV Technologies - Filing Trends (Top Holders) • EV Battery Portfolio - Tesla vs. Nissan, Honda, Toyota • EV Charging - Tesla vs. Panasonic, Honda, Toyota • EV Technologies - Filings by Jurisdiction • EV Battery Portfolio - Tesla vs. Mitsubishi, Hitachi, Bosch • EV Charging Technology - Filing Trends (Overall) • Electric Vehicles (EV) - Technology Categories • • EV Charging Technology - Filing Trends (Top

holders) • EV Technologies - Category counts (Equivalents) Temperature Regulation Patents (Major Automakers) Tesla vs. Nissan, Honda, Toyota • • Temperature Regulation Patents (Battery Manufacturers) - Tesla vs. Mitsubishi, Hitachi, Bosch EV Charging Technology - Filings by Jurisdiction • Tesla - EV Charging Portfolio • Tesla - Top Cited EV Charging Patents • Tesla’s Key Technology - "Fast Charging" Patents Tesla Motors - Patent Portfolio Analysis • Tesla Portfolio - Technology Spread • EV Battery Technology - Filing Trends • Tesla Portfolio - Filing Trends • EV battery Technology - Filing Trends (Top holders) • Tesla Portfolio - Technology Categories • EV Battery Technology - Filing by Jurisdiction • Portfolio Comparison - Tesla vs. BMW (Absolute Counts) • Li-ion Battery Technology - Top patent holders • Portfolio Comparison - Tesla vs. BMW (Relative Emphasis) • Li-ion Battery - Filing Trends (Top holders)

• Portfolio Comparison - Tesla vs. Panasonic • Fuel Cells - Filing Trends (Top holders) • EV Technologies - Tesla vs. The Rest - Portfolio Counts and Ranks • Li-ion Battery Patents - Tesla vs. Others • EV Battery and Charging Technologies - Filing Trends (Overall) • Tesla - EV Battery Portfolio • Tesla - Top Cited EV Battery Patents • GM Battery Portfolio Growth - via Acquisition and M&A • Bosch Battery Portfolio Growth - via Acquisition and M&A September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 5. List of Tables 6. Disclaimer 4 Source: http://www.doksinet Electric Vehicles (EV) - Patent Landscape September 2014 Relecura Inc. 5 Source: http://www.doksinet EV Technologies – Top Patent Holders Key finding: Toyota’s EV portfolio is by far the largest among the top players. Table 1 (click link to open Tables PDF) gives a list of the various classification relating to various EV sub-technologies. The above results are based on

323,960 relevant patent documents for EV technologies comprising of 161,183 equivalents*. * An EQUIVALENT refers to a set of patent filings for a single invention. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 6 Source: http://www.doksinet EV Technologies – Filing Trends (Overall) Key finding: The patent filings in EV technology have continuously increased over time from the mid ‘90s. The decline in filings post 2012 is most likely due to unpublished applications. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 7 Source: http://www.doksinet EV Technologies – Filing Trends (Top Holders) 40 74 70 74 90 114 79 98 40 35 85 74 66 113 108 71 123 56 48 29 39 91 35 15 35 21 64 43 34 111 277 176 263 266 202 148 161 137 159 228 289 225 281 243 222 172 278 361 295 114 131 133 149 160 271 339 241 62 138 32 66 110 158 247 191 211 188 245 320 265 93 87 54 41 36 54 120 44 45 70 95 398 515 608 163 224 304 130 343 107 211 210 75 581 342

326 371 295 1800 900 1,701 1,175 1,270 1,114 172 1,544 868 1,216 1,562 97 80 358 368 295 249 184 213 320 280 306 298 149 113 170 291 3 18 4 4 6 9 3 6 7 2 29 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 0 2000 Number of equivalents 147 199 206 166 183 166 182 153 252 253 361 378 330 495 685 247 269 336 57 59 65 84 109 27 Patent Holder 6 Filing Year September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. Key Findings: • Most of the top patent holders began filing prior to 2000. • Tesla’s earliest patent filing was in 2006. • Daimler and Hyundai show an increase in patent filings post 2006 – perhaps indicating a greater emphasis in EV technologies. • The same can be said to a lesser extent about the other large players – both automakers and battery manufacturers • As an aside – Tesla introduced their first model, The Roadster, in 2006 – creating a buzz which caused the large automakers and battery manufacturers

to reboot their EVrelated development. 8 Source: http://www.doksinet EV Technologies - Filings by Jurisdiction Country Code Country Number of Applications CN China 59428 JP Japan 47750 US USA 46916 DE Germany 20272 EP Europe 19578 KR Korea 11999 CA Canada 4323 FR France 3866 TW Taiwan 2831 Key Finding: The large number of filings in China, Japan, U.S clearly indicates the markets of interest for the top players. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 9 Source: http://www.doksinet Electric Vehicles (EV) – Technology Categories Key Findings: • Batteries, power supply systems, propulsion, and control units are the top segments for patents in EV technologies. • Other technologies covered include electric elements, automotive components like gears, couplings, clutches & brakes, electric cables and materials related to batteries, safety devices, exhaust devices, vehicle fittings and servicing. The size of the bubble represents the

number of patents and the positioning of the circles represents the relatedness of the technologies. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 10 Source: http://www.doksinet EV Technologies – Category counts (Equivalents) Relecura Technology Category September 2014 No of Equivalents Relecura Technology Category No of Equivalents Electric Elements - Batteries 27,609 Non Metallic Elements & Compounds 1,547 Propulsion Units For Vehicles 24,014 Electric Elements - Connectors, Collectors 1,543 Control Systems For Vehicles 13,731 Propulsion For Wheeled Vehicles 1,523 Power Supply & Distribution Circuits 11,061 Couplings, Clutches & Brakes 1,294 Measurement - Electric & Magnetic Variables 8,636 Cycles 1,238 Gearing 7,139 Internal Combustion Engines 1,199 Vehicle Technology Misc 3,832 Inorganic Solid Compounds 954 Dynamo Electric Machines 3,651 Vehicle Suspension 921 Greentech - Smart Grid 3,311 Inorganic Compounds Or Salts

Containing Metals 827 Power Controllers & Regulators 3,302 Electric Supply For Vehicles 826 Brake Control Systems 2,609 Lifting Or Pushing Loads 753 Electric Elements - Capacitors 2,595 Data Transmission 748 Combustion Engine Control 2,488 Protective Circuits 593 Vehicle Fittings 2,422 Electric Elements - Cables 568 Air Treating Devices For Vehicles 1,888 Electric Elements - Switches 543 Electric Power Converters 1,844 Exhaust Devices 532 Combustion Engines Starting Apparatus 1,696 Vehicle Servicing 531 Data Processing Systems 1,589 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 11 Source: http://www.doksinet Tesla Motors - Patent Portfolio Analysis September 2014 Relecura Inc. 12 Source: http://www.doksinet Tesla Portfolio – Technology Spread Click to view Tesla Portfolio present in Relecura Key finding: Approximately 60% of Tesla’s patent portfolio is related to battery packs and charging. • Tesla has a total of 655 patents resulting in 249

equivalents including 8 design patents. • Tesla currently holds 311 documents (142 eq.) and has assigned 343 documents (168 eq) to PNC Bank as security • Joint patent holdings: Tesla + Nishikawa Rubber Co. Ltd - 7 documents (2 equivalents), Tesla + Toyota – 1 document September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 13 Source: http://www.doksinet Tesla Portfolio – Filing Trends Key finding: Tesla started filing patents in 2005 with a sharp rise filing in 2011. The decline post 2012 is most likely due to unpublished patent applications. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 14 Source: http://www.doksinet Tesla Portfolio – Technology Categories Key Finding: Batteries, charging (power supply and distribution circuits), and electric equipment for vehicles are the IP technology focus of Tesla. The size of the bubble represents the number of patents and the positioning of the circles represents the relatedness of the technologies. September 2014 Copyright 2014,

Relecura Inc. 15 Source: http://www.doksinet Portfolio Comparison - Tesla vs. BMW (Absolute Counts) Recent news: Following in Teslas footsteps, BMW offers to share electric car technology. [Link] Tesla has 248 patent equivalents and BMW has 839 patent equivalents in EV technology. Key Findings: • Tesla has a larger number of patents addressing batteries, battery packs, Li batteries and controllers. • BMW leads in terms of filings for hybrid vehicles, internal combustion engines, electric motors, fuel cells, and power trains. Absolution count comparison: The size of each bubble represents the total number of patent equivalents across portfolios and the colored sectors represent relative number of equivalents in their respective portfolios. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 16 Source: http://www.doksinet Portfolio Comparison - Tesla vs. BMW (Relative Emphasis) Key Findings: • Tesla has a stronger emphasis on battery, charging methods, Lithium batteries,

controlling state of charge, and thermal control mechanisms. • BMW focuses on electric motor, gear, drive shaft and hybrid vehicles. Relative emphasis comparison: The size of each bubble represents the percentage of total patents for each technology across portfolios, and the colored sectors represent the relative percentages in the respective portfolios. The Topic Maps in the subsequent slides will solely display the relative emphasis of the compared portfolios - as shown here. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 17 Source: http://www.doksinet Portfolio Comparison - Tesla vs. Panasonic Fuel Cells Capacitors Lithium ion battery technologies Battery Maintenance Mounting propulsion units Battery racks Temperature control of batteries Battery monitoring and controlling Electric propulsion Metal hydride batteries Battery monitoring parameters Materials for thermal isolation of batteries September 2014 Recent news: Tesla, Panasonic join forces on huge battery

plant. [Link] Key Findings: • Panasonics concentration has been on Lithium ion batteries, metal hydride batteries, fuel cells and capacitors. • Teslas focus has been on charging technologies (very strong), temperature control, battery monitoring and control, battery monitoring parameters, materials for thermal isolation of batteries and battery racks. • Table 2 gives the descriptions of the CPC codes in the Topic Map. The size of each bubble represents the percentage of total patents for each CPC code across portfolios, and the colored sectors represent the relative percentages in the respective portfolios. Batteries Charging Technologies Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 18 Source: http://www.doksinet EV Technologies - Tesla vs. The Rest Portfolio Counts and Ranks Electric Vehicles (overall) Patent Holder Battery Charging Lithium Battery Number of Equivalents Ranking Number of Equivalents Ranking Number of Equivalents Ranking Number of Equivalents Ranking Toyota

13,733 1 3,733 1 854 1 157 3 Nissan 4,165 2 1,020 3 236 4 34 15 Honda 3,644 3 1,208 2 248 2 16 25 General Motors 3,220 4 882 4 185 6 68 10 Bosch 2,828 5 828 5 92 17 162 2 Panasonic 2,760 6 527 11 238 3 29 18 Hitachi 2,681 7 595 9 100 12 93 6 Hyundai 2,613 8 780 6 137 8 9 38 Mitsubishi 2,218 9 583 10 206 5 20 21 Daimler 1,843 10 600 8 85 18 84 7 Tesla 249 115 40 41 37 49 11 September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 19 Source: http://www.doksinet EV Battery and Charging Technologies – Filing Trends (Overall) Key Finding: Both technologies have grown in tandem over the last 20 years, with the rate of filing in batteries leading that of charging technologies. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 20 Source: http://www.doksinet EV Battery Technology - Patent Portfolio Analysis September 2014 Relecura Inc. 21 Source: http://www.doksinet EV Battery Technology –

Top Patent Holders Smaller Patent Holders Equivalents Aisin Seiko 280 Chery Automobile 190 BYD Co. Ltd 171 Johnson Controls 82 Aerovironment 63 Boston Power 9 Key Finding: The top patent holders include automobile-related companies like Toyota, Honda, Nissan, General Motors, Hyundai, and Bosch, as well as battery manufacturers like Panasonic, LG, Sanyo, and Samsung. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 22 Source: http://www.doksinet EV Battery Portfolio - Tesla vs. Nissan, Honda, Toyota Key Findings: • Tesla has a strong portfolio in the areas of Lithium-ion battery packs, battery temperature regulation, failure detection and elimination, and battery management. • In comparison, the large automakers have a greater number of patents addressing fuel cells and fuel cell vehicles, battery control systems for charging/discharging. Table 5 gives descriptions of CPC codes displayed. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 23 Source:

http://www.doksinet EV Battery Portfolio - Tesla vs. Mitsubishi, Hitachi, Bosch Battery monitoring and controlling Hybrid vehicle parallel type storage system Capacitors Battery Temperature regulation Key Findings: • Tesla has a stronger emphasis in the areas of battery temperature regulation and Li-ion batteries. • Tesla’s focus is less in technologies related to capacitors and hybrid vehicle storage systems. • Mitsubishis portfolio has less of a focus on Li-ion batteries compared to Tesla and the other players shown. Table 6 provides descriptions of the CPC codes shown in the Topic Map. Lithium ion battery Battery control parameters Liquids for heat exchange State of charge Energy storage control system controlling September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 24 Source: http://www.doksinet Temperature Regulation Patents (Major Automakers) Tesla vs. Nissan, Honda, Toyota Key Findings: • Toyota leads the way in filing patents in this area, though it has tapered

off in recent years. • Tesla portfolio compares favorably with the other top patent holders in this area. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 25 Source: http://www.doksinet Temperature Regulation Patents (Battery Manufacturers) – Tesla vs. Mitsubishi, Hitachi, Bosch Battery monitoring & controlling trends Key Findings: • Bosch leads in patent filings for both of these sub-technologies. Battery temperature regulation trends September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. • Tesla has been actively filing patents in battery temperature regulation since 2006. 26 Source: http://www.doksinet EV Battery Technology - Filing Trends Key Finding: Patent filings in battery technology have seen a significant growth post 2006. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 27 Source: http://www.doksinet EV battery Technology – Filing Trends (Top holders) Key Findings: • Toyota, Honda, and Nissan have shown a steady increase in their filing activity for

this area, especially since 2008. • The patent filings of General Motors have tapered since 2008, the year in which they were the top filer for this sub-technology. • Tesla has been filing consistently in this area, though the number of patents filed per year is lower than that of the top patent holders. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 28 Source: http://www.doksinet EV Battery Technology – Filing by Jurisdiction September 2014 Top patent holders Filing jurisdictions (indicates markets of interest) Toyota U.S, Japan, China, Europe, Korea, PCT Nissan, Honda U.S, Japan, China, Germany, Europe, Canada, Australia Hyundai Korea, U.S, Japan Hyundai Korea (majority of its filings), U.S, Japan Bosch Germany (majority of its filings), PCT, U.S, China Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 29 Source: http://www.doksinet Li-ion Battery Technology – Top patent holders Key Findings: • Pure-play battery manufacturers like LG, Bosch, Sony, Samsung, and

Hitachi, lead the major automakers in terms of patents filed in this area. • Of the automakers, Toyota has the largest portfolio of Li-ion battery patents (overall 3rd highest, after LG and Bosch). September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 30 Source: http://www.doksinet Li-ion Battery – Filing Trends (Top holders) 7 3 1 4 2 2 1 2 8 8 10 3 2 1 9 3 1 3 2 4 3 6 5 4 4 32 41 1 2 1 4 1 11 100 10 13 20 10 1 10 9 5 3 6 8 Tesla 12 PSA PEUGEOT CITROEN 1 GENERAL MOTORS SB LIMOTIVE 1 33 HITACHI SAMSUNG 17 SONY 6 31 94 3 8 47 37 1 35 • Most of the top players began filing patents in this area around 2005. • Toyota (which leads in total number of Li-ion patents among the automakers), has tapered off its filings in this area. This might signal a move away from EVs to other technologies such as fuel cell TOYOTA 1 2 Key Findings: SANYO 6 1 20 78 10 53 29 31 25 19 24 3 1 RENAULT DAIMLER 10 8 17 5 BOSCH cars. [see

news article] LG 2014 2013 2012 2011 2008 2007 2006 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 0 2005 Number of Equivalents 1 1 1 23 18 15 9 5 1 NISSAN 1 6 5 15 18 12 4 11 7 4 3 2 2 14 4 2010 1 7 15 10 11 5 14 13 1 6 1 2009 1 9 2 8 4 12 11 6 2 2 2 1 4 4 4 1 NGK INSULATORS 1 3 6 1 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 Patent Holder 3 Filing Year September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 31 Source: http://www.doksinet Fuel Cells – Filing Trends (Top holders) 21 11 5 13 7 4 4 59 73 59 43 46 47 59 31 46 45 66 2009 131 175 182 26 59 50 29 41 21 24 14 34 22 9 29 2 6 3 7 21 9 • KIA MOTORS AIRBUS 1 FORD 3 PANASONIC filed for patents in fuel cells. • HYUNDAI The number of patents filed by these automakers have however decreased in recent years. DAIMLER 2 Several of the large automakers, like Toyota, Honda, Hyundai, Ford, and Renault, have • GENERAL

MOTORS 1 4 7 20 28 Key Findings: SIEMENS 11 15 8 14 58 BOSCH RENAULT 26 23 9 24 11 31 43 24 SUZUKI MOTOR 2 4 12 17 66 40 5 43 139 96 37 18 23 18 14 38 33 20 2008 40 32 80 49 20 29 10 33 7 2007 33 33 11 8 86 2005 23 53 79 2004 41 45 2003 12 2001 200 100 0 29 11 9 38 21 11 2002 20 2000 Number of Equivalents 14 10 3 2 23 9 6 25 30 24 9 SAMSUNG 3 1 11 10 16 8 5 2 11 5 9 7 5 14 6 5 2 8 4 14 11 6 39 29 13 2006 6 19 18 7 5 3 17 13 5 14 2012 6 20 13 6 2 14 2 7 2010 28 13 8 8 1 2 1 5 22 2 2 2011 1 5 6 4 9 5 6 4 3 2013 5 1 7 2 15 7 Patent Holder 7 2 11 5 2 1 Toyota, Bosch, General Motors, Nissan, Daimler, Renault, and Samsung seem to be NISSAN hedging their bets by filing in both Li-ion HONDA batteries and fuel cells. TOYOTA 2014 1 • Tesla has no patent filings in this area. Filing Year September 2014 Copyright 2014,

Relecura Inc. 32 Source: http://www.doksinet Li-ion Battery Patents - Tesla vs. Others Key Findings: • Sub-technology spread for Li-ion battery patents - Li accumulators, temperature control, vent systems, safety arrangements, battery isolation, battery monitoring and controlling parameters, state of charge controlling technologies. • Tesla focus: temperature control, safety arrangements, vent systems, state of charge controlling in Li batteries. • Focus of other players: Li accumulators and Li battery manufacturing. Table 7 gives descriptions of the CPC codes displayed. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 33 Source: http://www.doksinet Tesla - EV Battery Portfolio Key Finding: Teslas EV battery portfolio covers sub-technologies like Li-ion battery packs, battery monitoring and control systems, temperature regulation i.e heating or cooling of batteries, detection and elimination of failures related to batteries, battery protection systems like dehumidifiers

and thermal runaway management. Table 3 gives descriptions of the CPC codes displayed in the Topic Map. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 34 Source: http://www.doksinet Tesla – Top Cited EV Battery Patents Publication Number Relecura Star Rating Forward Citations Count US20090021385A1 3.5 39 General Motors (5), IBM (4), Daimler (3), Honda (2), Bosch (2), Denso (2) 1 Electric Vehicle Communication Interface 2007-07-18 US7671565B2 3.0 38 Audi (5), Panasonic (5), Sinoelectric Powertrain Corp. (5), Volkswagen (3), Renault (2) 8 Battery pack and method for protecting batteries 2006-02-13 US20100188043A1 3.0 20 Cisco (3), Volkswagen (2), Toyota (2), Johnson Controls (1), Denso (1) 1 System for optimizing battery pack cut-off voltage 2009-01-29 US7923144B2 2.5 20 Audi (6), Panasonic (3), Autoliv (2), Mission Motor Company (2), Samsung (1) 1 Tunable frangible battery pack system 2007-03-31 0 Method for interconnection of battery packs and

battery assembly containing interconnected battery packs 2006-04-27 Forward Citation Assignee Self Citations Title Filing Date US7667432B2 3.0 18 Sinoelectric Powertrain Corp. (4), EnerDel Inc (3), Mission Motor Company (2), General Motors (1) US20100136402A1 3.0 18 Audi (3), Lithium Energy Japan (3), Bosch (2), Samsung (2), 3 Sealed battery enclosure 2009-04-22 US7890218B2 2.5 16 Ferrari (2), General Motors (1), BMW (1), Porsche (1) 5 Centralized multi-zone cooling for increased battery efficiency 2007-07-18 US20090023056A1 2.5 14 Johnson Controls (3), LG (1), SB LiMotive (1) 1 BATTERY PACK THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 2007-07-18 US7433794B1 2.5 14 Mission Motor Company (3), Panasonic (2), Bosch (1), Smasung (1) 2 Mitigation of propagation of thermal runaway in a multicell battery pack 2007-07-18 US7602145B2 2.5 13 Audi (2), Volkswagen (2), Mission Motor Company (2), Sony (1), Porsche (1) 0 Method of balancing batteries 2006-07-18 Table 4

gives additional details about the technologies addressed by each of the above patents. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 35 Source: http://www.doksinet GM Battery Portfolio Growth – via Acquisition and M&A (using Patent Assignment Records) Key Findings: • Most of GM’s patents are a result of in-house R&D, with modest contributions from either its M&A activity or acquisitions. • Contributions to GM’s patents portfolio come from companies such as Daimler-Chrysler-BMW, Delco, Hughes Aircraft, and Mitsubishi. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 36 Source: http://www.doksinet Bosch Battery Portfolio Growth - via Acquisition and M&A (using Patent Assignment Records) Key Findings: • Bosch has been involved in various joint ventures (JVs) over the years to develop and manufacture Li-ion batteries for use in hybrid, plug-in hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles. • Bosch formed a JV with Samsung in 2008 called SB LiMotive.

The partnership was dissolved in 2012, as a result of which certain patent assets were assigned to Bosch from both Samsung and SB LiMotive. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 37 Source: http://www.doksinet EV Charging Technology - Patent Portfolio Analysis September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 38 Source: http://www.doksinet EV Charging Technology – Top Patent Holders Smaller Patent Holders Equivalents Qualcomm 72 SAIC Motors 60 Kiekert AG 53 RWE 53 Witricity Corp 32 Chargepoint 29 IBM 28 Access Business Group Int LLC 18 Proterra Inc. 17 Key Findings: Includes both automakers and battery manufacturers. • Large automobile manufacturers - Toyota, Honda, and Nissan • Battery manufacturers - Panasonic, Siemens and Samsung September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 39 Source: http://www.doksinet EV Charging - Tesla vs. Panasonic, Honda, Toyota Key Findings: • Tesla has a greater emphasis in sub-technologies such as charging

methods, controlling the state of the charge, and charging station communication interfaces. • The incumbents like Toyota, Panasonic and Honda lead in developing charging connectors, cables and on board vehicle charging systems and methods. Table 10 provides descriptions of the CPC codes displayed. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 40 Source: http://www.doksinet EV Charging Technology - Filing Trends (Overall) Key Finding: Patent filing activity shows a significant growth from 2007 onwards. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 41 Source: http://www.doksinet EV Charging Technology – Filing Trends (Top holders) Key Findings: • Patent filings in EV charging technologies dipped for various large players (like Toyota, Honda, Nissan, and General Electric) in the early to middle period of the last decade. Each of these players have ramped up their filings in this area in the last 3-5 years. • Toyota leads in patent filings in this area. September

2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 42 Source: http://www.doksinet EV Charging Technology – Filings by Jurisdiction September 2014 Top patent holders Filing jurisdictions (indicates markets of interest) Toyota U.S, Japan, China, Europe, PCT Nissan, Honda, Panasonic U.S, Japan, China, Europe, PCT (relatively fewer filings) Ford Great Britain, U.S, China Hyundai Korea, U.S, Japan, China General Motors U.S, China Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 43 Source: http://www.doksinet Tesla – EV Charging Portfolio Key Findings: September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. • Tesla’s charging portfolio is mainly focused on methods and systems for charging the battery safely, time and cost optimization for the user with the flexibility to control the charging, improving battery life by reducing damage during charging and discharging. • Tesla also holds patents related to charging station communication interfaces, smart grid integration, as well as fast charging.

• Table 8 provides descriptions of the CPC codes displayed. 44 Source: http://www.doksinet Tesla - Top Cited EV Charging Patents Publication Number Relecura Star Rating Forward Citation Count US7782021B2 3.0 24 Ford (2), Honda (1), Toyota (1), Panasonic (1), LSIS Co. Ltd (1) 4 Battery charging based on cost and life 2007-07-18 US7629773B2 3.0 19 Toyota (3), Ford (2), Prosche (2), General Motors (1) 3 Multi-mode charging system for an electric vehicle 2009-01-29 US7683570B2 3.0 18 Toyota (2), Chargepoint Inc. (2), Bosch (1), Samsung (1), Panasonic (1) 6 Systems, methods, and apparatus for battery charging 2007-07-18 US8063757B2 2.5 17 Ford (3), Audi (2), Toyota (1), BMW (1), Denso (1), Volkswagen (1) 1 Charge state indicator for an electric vehicle 2007-07-18 US20090140700A1 3.0 17 Toyota (2), BMW (1) , Porsche (1), PSA Peugeot Citroen (1), General electric (1) 1 Multi-mode charging system for an electric vehicle 2009-01-16 US20100138092A1

2.5 16 Advanergy Inc. (6), Lightening Energy (3), Vovlo (1) 1 Battery charging time optimization system 2009-11-05 US8536825B2 2.5 5 General Motors(1), Audi (1), BlackBerry (1) 0 State of charge range 2009-12-31 US8754614B2 2.5 5 Panasonic (2), IBM (1), Mitsubishi (1) 0 Fast charging of battery using adjustable voltage control 2009-07-17 Forward Citation Assignees Self Citations Title Filing Date Table 9 provides additional details of the patents listed above. September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 45 Source: http://www.doksinet Tesla’s Key Technology - “Fast Charging” Patents Publication Number Filing Date Relecura Star Rating Title • Tesla promotes its proprietary “Fast Charging” technology for quick recharge. 2009-07-17 Fast charging of battery using adjustable voltage control 2009-09-30 Low temperature charging of Liion cells US8638063B2 2010-10-13 AC current control of mobile battery chargers 2.5 US20110156661A1

2009-12-31 Fast charging with negative ramped current profile 2.5 Low temperature fast charge 2.0 US8754614B2 US8552693B2 US20130234648A1 2012-03-09 2.5 • Tesla’s charging stations deliver up to 120 kW, which can replenish half a charge in as little as 20 minutes. It works 2.5 by delivering DC power directly to the battery by using special cables that bypass the onboard charging equipment. • Tesla designs and builds all of the key components for the battery system, including the chargers, the electronics for monitoring the battery pack, and the battery cooling system. US20130307475A1 2012-05-18 Charge rate optimization 2.5 • “Superchargers”, which are small and light weight, are used to enable fast charging. US20140121866A1 September 2014 2012-10-31 Fast charge mode for extended trip 2.5 Tesla’s webpage and FAQ for “Fast Charging” Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 46 Source: http://www.doksinet List of Tables Links lead to PDF with detailed

tables. Table Number Title 1 EV technology categorization and classification codes for each category. 2 Description of CPC codes listed in Topic Map comparison of the Tesla and Panasonic patent portfolios. 3 Description of the CPC codes listed in Topic Map of Tesla’s battery portfolio. 4 List of the top ten forward cited patents from Tesla’s battery portfolio. 5 Description of CPC codes listed in the Topic Map comparison of the battery portfolios of Tesla with the large automakers Nissan, Honda and Toyota. 6 Description of the CPC codes listed in the Topic Map comparison of the battery portfolios of Tesla with other battery manufacturers Mitsubishi, Hitachi and Bosch. 7 Description of the CPC codes listed in Topic Map comparison of the Lithium battery portfolio of Tesla with other patent holders. September 2014 8 Description of CPC codes listed in the Topic Map of Tesla’s charging portfolio. 9 List of the top ten forward cited patents from Tesla’s charging

portfolio. 10 Description of the CPC codes listed in the Topic Map comparison of the portfolios of Tesla, Toyota, Honda, and Panasonic addressing charging technology. Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 47 Source: http://www.doksinet Disclaimer This document is provided for information purposes only and the contents hereof are subject to change without notice. This document, including the information and analysis and any opinion or recommendation, is neither legal advice nor intended for investment purposes. This document is not warranted to be error-free, nor subject to any other warranties or conditions, whether expressed orally or implied in law, including implied warranties and conditions of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Relecura Inc specifically disclaims any liability with respect to this document and no contractual obligations are formed either directly or indirectly by this document. Relecura is a web-based patent and portfolio analysis platform that

uses a knowledge discovery framework to simplify IP analysis for prior-art search, technology landscaping, competitive intelligence, and IP commercialization activities. For more details visit wwwrelecuracom or write to info@relecura.com www.twittercom/relecura www.facebookcom/relecura www.linkedincom/company/relecura-inc- September 2014 Copyright 2014, Relecura Inc. 48