History | Higher education » North American History, Reading List

Source: http://doksi.net PAPER 22 NORTH AMERICAN HISTORY FROM ca. 1500 TO 1865 READING LIST Revised September 2019 Source: http://doksi.net Themes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Native Grounds, Middle Grounds Colonialism and Catastrophe Northern New Spain New France English Beginnings and the Chesapeake New England Greater Caribbean Middle Colonies Consolidating Slavery Revivals Convergence? The Origins of the American Revolution The American Revolution From Confederation to Constitution Politics in the early republic Native Americans and the early national West The U.S in the world, 1776-1823 Slavery and antislavery Civil society and private lives Market revolutions Democrats, Whigs and the birth of modern politics Expansion and the collapse of the Union The Civil War A note on lectures The first thirteen themes are covered by the lecture series on ‘The North American Colonies to the United States of America’, ca.

1500-1789” These lectures will be delivered twice-weekly in Michaelmas Term: at 11am on Tuesdays and Wednesdays. Theme 14, exploring the aftermath of the American Revolution and the creation of the U.S federal system, receives attention to two additional lectures, “The Political Thought of the American Revolution’. These lectures will be delivered in two lectures in Lent (weeks 3 and 4), Mondays at noon. Themes 15 to 23 will be explored in the lecture series on ‘The United States, 1789-1865’, to be delivered twice-weekly in Lent Term. These lectures will take place on Thursdays at 10am and Fridays at 11am The Faculty will also deliver eight ‘core’ lectures in Michaelmas Term addressing major themes in American history. All Paper 22 and 24 students are strongly encouraged to attend these lectures, which take place on Tuesdays and Fridays at 10am in the first half of the term. The first lecture is on Friday 11th October at 10am; the last takes place on Tuesday 5 th November

at 10am. Students are reminded that the lectures form an integral part of this paper, and that material discussed principally (or only) in lectures may be addressed in the exam. Students who attend lectures tend to perform better on the exam. 2 Source: http://doksi.net INTRODUCTORY TEXTS These books provide general overviews of various time periods. Bernard Bailyn, The Barbarous Years: The Peopling of British North America: The Conflict of Civilizations, 1600-1675 (New York: Knopf, 2012) * Thomas Foster, ed. Women in Early America (New York: New York University Press, 2014) Steven Hahn, A Nation Without Borders: The United Staets and its World in an Age of Civil Wars, 18301910 (New York: Penguin, 2016) Anne F. Hyde, Empires, Nations, and Families: A New History of the North American West, 1800-1860 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011) * Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007) Ibram Kendi,

Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America (New York: Nation Books, 2016) Thomas S. Kidd, American Colonial History: Clashing Cultures and Faiths (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016) Jill Lepore, These Truths: A History of the United States (New York: Norton, 2018) * James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988) Gary Nash, The Unknown American Revolution: The Unruly Birth of Democracy and the Struggle to Create America (New York: Random House, 2005). Jeffrey Ostler, Surviving Genocide: Native Nations and the United States from the American Revolution to Bleeding Kansas (New Haven: Yale University, 2019) Daniel K. Richter, Before the Revolution: Americas Ancient Pasts (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2011) Susan Sleeper-Smith, et al., eds Why You Can’t Teach United States History without American Indians (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015) Alan Taylor,

American Colonies: The Settling of North America (New York: Penguin, 2001) --------------, Colonial America: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011) -------------, American Revolutions: A Continental History, 1750-1804 (New York: Norton, 2016) * Daniel Vickers, A Companion to Colonial America (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2003) * Gordon S. Wood, Empire of Liberty: A History of the Early Republic, 1789-1815 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011) * Books marked with an asterisk are available electronically via the UL catalogue. All journal articles in this reading list can be accessed electronically via the catalogue, unless otherwise indicated. 4 Source: http://doksi.net 1. NATIVE GROUNDS, MIDDLE GROUNDS Native Americans lived in North America for centuries prior to European contact, though traditionally finding out about these worlds was the province of archaeologists rather than historians. This situation has changed in recent years, as have the kinds of

sources historians use. There have been various ways of understanding relations between Native Americans and European colonists, most notably as a “middle ground” or as a “native ground.” These readings also make clear the considerable diversity of Native American peoples. General Kathleen M. Brown, “The Anglo-Algonquian Gender Frontier,” in Nancy Shoemaker, ed Negotiators of Change: Historical Perspectives on Native American Women (New York: Routledge, 1995) on Moodle Colin G. Calloway, One Vast Winter Count: The Native American West Before Lewis and Clark (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2003) James Merrell, et al. Forum: “Second Thoughts on Colonial Historians and American Indians,” William and Mary Quarterly 69:3 (2012): 451-540 * Daniel Richter, Facing East from Indian Country (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001) David Silverman, Thundersticks: Firearms and the Violent Transformation of Native America (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2016)

Native Grounds Juliana Barr, "Geographies of Power: Mapping Indian Borders in the ‘Borderlands’ of the Early Southwest," William and Mary Quarterly 68:1 (2011): 5-46 Heidi Bohaker, “‘Nindoodemag’: The Significance of Algonquian Kinship Networks in the Eastern Great Lakes Region, 1600-1701,” William and Mary Quarterly 63: 1 (2006): 23-52 Colin Calloway, New Worlds for All: Indians, Europeans, and the Remaking of Early America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1997) * Kathleen DuVal, The Native Ground: Indians and Colonists in the Heart of the Continent (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006) Elizabeth A. Fenn, Encounters at the Heart of the World: A History of the Mandan People (New York: Hill and Wang, 2014) Pekka Hämäläinen, The Comanche Empire (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009) Sami Lokomäki, Gathering Together: The Shawnee People through Diaspora and Nationhood, 1600–1870 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014), chaps. 1–4 Andrew Lipman,

The Saltwater Frontier: Indians and the Contest for the American Coast (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015) Alyssa Mt. Pleasant, Caroline Wigginton, Kelly Wisecup, et al “Forum: Materials and Methods in Native American and Indigenous Studies,” William and Mary Quarterly 75:2 (April 2018): 207-342 Timothy R. Pauketat, Ancient Cahokia and the Mississippians (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004) * Theda Perdue, Cherokee Women: Gender and Culture Change, 1700-1835 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998 5 Source: http://doksi.net Joshua L. Reid, The Sea Is My Country: The Maritime World of the Makahs, an Indigenous Borderlands People (New Haven: Yale University Press 2015) Daniel Richter, The Ordeal of the Longhouse: The Peoples of the Iroquois League in the Era of European Colonization (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992) Claudio Saunt, A New Order of Things: Property, Power, and the Transformation of the Creek Indians, 1733-1816, ed. Frederick

Hoxie and Neal Salisbury (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999) Neal Salisbury, "The Indians Old World: Native Americans and the Coming of Europeans," William and Mary Quarterly 53: 3 (1996): 435-58. Nancy Shoemaker, ed. Negotiators of Change: Historical Perspectives on Native American Women (New York: Routledge, 1995) Susan Sleeper-Smith, Indigenous Prosperity and American Conquest: Indian Women of the Ohio River Valley, 1690-1792 (Chapel Hill: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture for the University of North Carolina Press, 2018) * Cameron Wesson, “America in 1492,” in Frederick E. Hoxie, ed, Oxford Handbook of Native American History, 17–35 (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2016). * Michael Witgen, An Infinity of Nations: How the Native New World Shaped Early North America (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012) Middle Grounds “Forum: The Middle Ground Revisited,” William and Mary Quarterly 63: 1 (2006): 3-96

James Axtell, Natives and Newcomers: The Cultural Origins of North America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001) * Robbie Ethridge, “European Invasions and Early Settlement, 1500–1680,” in Frederick E. Hoxie, ed., Oxford Handbook of Native American History, 41–53 (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2016) Eric Hinderaker, The Two Hendricks: Unraveling a Mohawk Mystery (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2010) Francis Jennings, The Invasion of America Indians, Colonialism, and the Cant of Conquest (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1975) Karen Kupperman, Indians and English: Facing Off in Early America (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000) James Merrell, The Indians New World: Catawbas and Their Neighbors from European Contact through the Era of Removal (New York: Norton, 1989) Neal Salisbury, Manitou and Providence: Indians, Europeans, and the Making of New England, 1500–1643 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1982) * Richard White,

The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 16501815 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991) 2. COLONIALISM AND CATASTROPHE How should historians understand early America? Was it a native ground? a middle ground? a place of settler colonialism? an Atlantic outpost? a borderland? a refuge for rogues and liars? seedbed of a nation? Was it vast, 6 Source: http://doksi.net and what does this mean? Various readings this week consider these disparate approaches. Understanding early America also requires comprehending the enormous devastation wrought by colonization and settlement. Whatever else it was, it was a place of violence, disease, and death. Other works here deal with these consequences Colonialism and Orientations Jeremy Adelman and Stephen Aron, “From Borderlands to Borders: Empires, Nation-States, and the Peoples in between in North American History,” American Historical Review 104-3 (Jun.1999), 814-841 Also forum on this article,

American Historical Review 104:4 (Oct 1999), 1221-1239. David Armitage and Michael J. Braddick, eds, The British Atlantic World, 1500-1800, second ed (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2009) Bernard Bailyn, Atlantic History: Concept and Contours (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2005) Shannon Lee Dawdy, Building the Devils Empire: French Colonial New Orleans (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008) Alison Games, “Atlantic History: Definitions, Challenges, Opportunities,” American Historical Review 111: 3 (2006): 741-57 * Jack P. Greene and Philip D Morgan, Atlantic History: A Critical Re-Appraisal (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009) Pekka Hämäläinen and Samuel Truett, “On Borderlands,” Journal of American History 98:2 (June 2011), 338-361. Susan Juster, Sacred Violence in Early America (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016) Jeffrey Ostler, Nancy Shoemaker, et al. “Forum: Settler Colonialism in Early American History,” William and Mary Quarterly

76:3 (July 2019): 361-450. Joshua Piker, “Lying Together: The Imperial Implications of Cross-Cultural Untruths,” American Historical Review 116:4 (2011): 964-986 *Joshua Piker, The Four Deaths of Acorn Whistler: Telling Stories in Colonial America (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2013) Claudio Saunt, “Go West: Mapping Early American Historiography,” William and Mary Quarterly, 65, no. 4 (Oct 2008); 745-78 Nancy Shoemaker, “A Typology of Colonialism,” Perspectives on History (Oct. 2015) https://www.historiansorg/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/october2015/a-typology-of-colonialism Alan Taylor, “Introduction,” in American Colonies: The Settling of North America (New York: Penguin, 2001), x–xvii Alan Taylor, Colonial America: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press, 2013) Karin Wulf, “Vast Early America,” Humanities 40:1 (Winter 2019) https://www.nehgov/article/vast-early-america Catastrophe 7 Source: http://doksi.net *

Virginia DeJohn Anderson, Creatures of Empire: How Domestic Animals Transformed Early America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004) Seth Archer, Sharks upon the Land: Colonialism, Indigenous Health, and Culture in Hawaiʻi, 1778– 1855 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018) Ned Blackhawk, Violence over the Land: Indians and Empire in the Early American West (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2006) * John Brooke, “Ecology,” in A Companion to Colonial America, ed. Daniel Vickers (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2003): 44–75 James F. Brooks Mesa of Sorrows: A History of the Awat’ovi Massacre (New York: Norton 2016). * Vincent Brown, The Reapers Garden: Death and Power in the World of Atlantic Slavery (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2008) Catherine M. Cameron et al, eds, Beyond Germs: Native Depopulation in North America (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2015) Alfred W. Crosby, Jr, The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492

(Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1972) * ---------------, “Ecological Imperialism: The Overseas Migration of Western Europeans as a Biological Phenomenon,” in The Ends of the Earth : Perspectives on Modern Environmental History, ed. Donald Worster (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998): 103–117 Christina DeLucia, Memory Lands: King Philip’s War and the Place of Violence in the Northeast (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018) Robbie Ethridge and Sheri M. Shuck-Hall, Mapping the Mississippian Shatter Zone: The Colonial Indian Slave Trade and Regional Instability in the American South (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009) Elizabeth A. Fenn, Pox Americana: The Great Smallpox Epidemic of 1775-1782 (New York: Hill and Wang, 2001) Pekka Hämäläinen, “The Rise and Fall of Plains Indian Horse Cultures,” Journal of American History 90, No. 3 (Dec 2003): 833-862 ---------------, “The Politics of Grass: European Expansion, Ecological Change, and Indigenous Power in the

Southwest Borderlands,” William and Mary Quarterly 67:2 (2010): 173-208. David S. Jones, “Virgin Soils Revisited,” William and Mary Quarterly 60:4 (2003): 703-742 Paul Kelton, Epidemics and Enslavement: Biological Catastrophe in the Native Southeast (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2007) ---------------, Cherokee Medicine, Colonial Germs: An Indigenous Nation’s Fight against Smallpox, 15181824 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2015) J. R McNeill, Mosquito Empires: Ecology and War in the Greater Caribbean, 1620-1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010) John M. Murrin, “Beneficiaries of Catastrophe: The English Colonists in America,” in Diversity and Unity in Early North America, ed. Philip D Morgan, (1993): 259-282, on Moodle 3. NORTHERN NEW SPAIN 8 Source: http://doksi.net The first colonization in North American was not English, but Spanish. Yet until recently, historians tended to consider Spanish North America as Latin American, not U.S American,

history Newer work has focused on two major areas: what is now the Southwest (including places like New Mexico and Texas) and what is now the Southeast, most notably La Florida, an area larger than present Florida, and the site of the first successful established settlement in North America, Saint Augustine (founded in 1565). The work on the Southwest in particular has had a transformative effect on the field of early American history. General/Comparative Robert C. Galgano, Feast of Souls: Indians and Spaniards in the Seventeenth-Century Missions of Florida and New Mexico (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2005) Sarah M. S Pearsall, “‘Having Many Wives’ in Two American Rebellions: The Politics of Households and the Radically Conservative,” American Historical Review 118:4 (2013) David Hurst Thomas, “The Life and Times of Fr. Junípero Serra: A Pan-Borderlands Perspective,” The Americas 71:2 (Oct. 2014): 185-225 David J. Weber, The Spanish Frontier in North

America (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992) Southwest * Matthew Babcock, Apache Adaptation to Hispanic Rule (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016) Juliana Barr, Peace Came in the Form of a Woman: Indians and Spaniards in the Texas Borderlands (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007) Virginia Marie Bouvier, Women and the Conquest of California, 1542-1840: Codes of Silence (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2001) James F. Brooks, “‘The Evil Extends Especially to the Feminine Sex’: Negotiating Captivity in the New Mexico Borderlands,” Feminist Studies 22: 2 (1996): 279-309 --------, Captives and Cousins: Slavery, Kinship, and Community in the Southwest Borderlands (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002) Antonia I. Castañeda, “Engendering the History of Alta, California, 1769–1848: Gender, Sexuality, and the Family,” in Contested Eden : California before the Gold Rush, 230–59, ed. Ramón A Gutiérrez and Richard J. Orsi

(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997) * Ramón A. Gutiérrez, When Jesus Came, the Corn Mothers Went Away: Marriage, Sexuality and Power in New Mexico, 1500-1846 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991) Steven W. Hackel, Children of Coyote, Missionaries of Saint Francis: Indian-Spanish Relations in Colonial California, 1769-1850 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005) Steven W. Hackel, Junípero Serra: California’s Founding Father (New York: Hill and Wang, 2014) Andrew Knaut, The Pueblo Revolt of 1680: Conquest and Resistance in Seventeenth-Century New Mexico (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995) Erika Pérez, “Family, Spiritual Kinship, and Social Hierarchy in Early California,” Early American Studies 14:4 (2016): 661-687 Andrés Reséndez, The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016) David J. Weber, What Caused the Pueblo Revolt of 1680? (Boston: Bedford/St Martin’s,

1999) 9 Source: http://doksi.net Southeast Alejandra Dubcovsky, Informed Power: Communication in the Early American South (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2016) Alejandra Dubcovsky and George Aaron Broadwell, “Writing Timucua: Recovering and Interrogating Indigenous Authorship, Early American Studies 15:3 (Summer 2017): 409-441. J. Michael Francis and Kathleen M Kole "Murder and Martyrdom in Spanish Florida: Don Juan and the Guale Uprising of 1597." American Museum of Natural History Anthropological Papers 95 (2011): 1-156. Online at: http://digitallibrary.amnhorg/dspace/bitstream/handle/2246/6123/AP95pdf?sequence=1 Paul E. Hoffman, Florida’s Frontiers (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002) Jane Landers, “Gracia Real de Santa Theresa de Mose: A Free Black Town in Spanish Colonial Florida,” American Historical Review 95:1 (1990): 9-30 Jane Landers, Black Society in Spanish Florida (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999) Jerald T. Milanich,

Laboring in the Fields of the Lord: Spanish Missions and Southeastern Indians (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1999) 4. NEW FRANCE Just as New Spain was left to Latin Americanists, so New France was traditionally considered the province of Canadian historians. Again, this situation has changed, especially as the enormity of French presence in what is now the United States (from the Great Lakes down along the Mississippi River) has been recognized. Again, there are two geographical centers: northern New France which includes the pays d’en haut (the northern line from the St Lawrence River to the Great Lakes, centered on Québec) and what became La Louisiane, an area larger than modern Louisiana, centered on New Orleans. General Guillaume Aubert, "The Blood of France: Race and Purity of Blood in the French Atlantic World," William and Mary Quarterly 61: 3 (2004): 439-78 Céline Carayon, Nonverbal Communication among French and Indigenous Peoples in the Americas

(Chapel Hill: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture for University of North Carolina Press, 2019) Allan Greer, The People of New France (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997) Peter N. Moogk, “Reluctant Exiles: The Problem of Colonization in French North America,” William and Mary Quarterly 46:3 (1989): 463-505 Jennifer Palmer, Intimate Bonds: Family and Slavery in the French Atlantic (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016) Brett Rushforth, Bonds of Alliance: Indigenous and Atlantic Slaveries in New France (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012) Northern New France Heidi Bohaker, “‘Nindoodemag’: The Significance of Algonquian Kinship Networks in the Eastern Great Lakes Region, 1600-1701,” William and Mary Quarterly 63: 1 (2006): 23-52 José António Brandão, “Your Fyre Shall Burn No More:” Iroquois Policy toward New France and Its 10 Source: http://doksi.net Native Allies to 1701 (Lincoln: University of

Nebraska Press, 1997) Catherine Canganay, "Fashioning Moccasins: Detroit, Manufacturing Frontier, and the Empire of Consumption, 1701-1835," William and Mary Quarterly 69: 2 (2012): 265-304 Christian Crouch, Nobility Lost: French and Canadian Martial Cultures, Indians, and the End of New France (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2014) * Natalie Zemon Davis, Women on the Margins: Three Seventeenth-Century Lives (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995): 63-138 William Henry Foster, The Captors Narrative: Catholic Women and Their Puritan Men on the Early American Frontier (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003) Allan Greer, Mohawk Saint: Catherine Tekakwitha and the Jesuits (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005) Tracy Neal Leavelle, The Catholic Calumet: Colonial Conversions in French and Indian North America (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012) Ann M. Little, The Many Captivities of Esther Wheelwright (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016)

Michael McDonnell, Masters of Empire: Great Lakes Indians and the Making of America (New York: Macmillan, 2015) Robert Morrissey, Empire by Collaboration: Indians, Colonists, and Governments in Colonial Illinois Country (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015) Robert Michael Morrissey, “Kaskaskia Social Network: Kinship and Assimilation in the FrenchIllinois Borderlands, 1695-1735,” William and Mary Quarterly, 70:1 (2013): 103-146. Brett Rushforth, “Slavery, the Fox Wars, and the Limits of Alliance,” William and Mary Quarterly 63: 1 (2006): 53-80 Susan Sleeper-Smith, “Women, Kin, and Catholicism: New Perspectives on the Fur Trade,” Ethnohistory 47: 2 (2000): 423-52 --------, Indian Women and French Men: Rethinking Cultural Encounter in the Western Great Lakes (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001) * Richard White, The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 16501815 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991)

Louisiana Emily Clark, Masterless Mistresses: The New Orleans Ursulines and the Development of a New World Society, 1727-1834 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007) Shannon Lee Dawdy, Building the Devils Empire: French Colonial New Orleans (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008) Kathleen DuVal, “Indian Intermarriage and Métissage in Colonial Louisiana,” William and Quarterly 65:2 (Apr. 2008): 267-304 * Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, Africans in Colonial Louisiana: The Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth Century (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992) Kimberly Hanger, Bounded Lives, Bounded Places: Free Black Society in Colonial New Orleans, 1769-1803 (Durham, N.C: Duke University Press, 1997) Jennifer Spear, "Colonial Intimacies: Legislating Sex in French Louisiana," William and Mary Quarterly 60:1 (2003): 75-98 11 Source: http://doksi.net --------, Race, Sex, and Social Order in Early New Orleans (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins

University Press, 2008) Daniel H. Usner Jr, Indians, Settlers, and Slaves in a Frontier Exchange Economy: The Lower Mississippi Valley before 1783 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992) Cécile Vidal, Caribbean New Orleans: Empire, Race, and the Making of a Slave Society (Chapel Hill: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture for University of North Carolina Press, 2019) * Sophie White, Wild Frenchmen and Frenchified Indians: Material Culture and Race in Colonial Louisiana (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012) Sophie White, Voices of the Enslaved: Love, Labor, and Longing in French Louisiana (Chapel Hill: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture for University of North Carolina Press, 2019) 5. ENGLISH BEGINNINGS AND THE CHESAPEAKE The first successful English colony in North America was Jamestown, Virginia, founded in 1607. It followed the failure of the Roanoke Colony some twenty years earlier. The English were not

strangers to colonization, though, having “planted” parts of Ireland. Such a background influenced early, troubled contact with Native Americans Still, from uncertain beginnings, the English colony in Virginia, thanks to tobacco, became an economically flourishing if not entirely peaceful one, which by the end of the seventeenth century depended on the exploitation of the labor and lives of Africans. The colony of Maryland, founded as a proprietary colony and haven for Catholics in 1634, also joined this colonial settlement in the Chesapeake Bay area. Early Starts * Robert Appelbaum, and John Wood Sweet, eds., Envisioning an English Empire: Jamestown and the Making of the North Atlantic World (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005) Nicholas P. Canny, “The Ideology of English Colonization: From Ireland to America,” William and Mary Quarterly 30 (1973): 575-598 Audrey Horning, Ireland in the Virginian Sea: Colonialism in the British Atlantic (Chapel Hill: Omohundro

Institute for Early American History and Culture for the University of North Carolina, 2013) Peter Mancall, ed., The Atlantic World and Virginia, 1550-1624 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007) Karen Ordahl Kupperman, Roanoke: The Abandoned Colony, second ed. (Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007) Colonial Developments T. H Breen and Stephen Innes, Myne Owne Ground: Race and Freedom on Virginias Eastern Shore, 1640-1676 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004 [1980]) Kathleen M. Brown, Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, and Anxious Patriarchs: Gender, Race, and Power in Colonial Virginia (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996) Lois Green Carr and Lorena S. Walsh, “The Planters Wife: The Experience of White Women in Seventeenth-Century Maryland,” William and Mary Quarterly 34:4 (1977): 542-571 Lois Green Carr, Russell R. Menard, and Lorena S Walsh, Robert Coles World: Agriculture & Society in Early Maryland (Chapel Hill: University of North

Carolina Press, 1991) 12 Source: http://doksi.net Lois Carr, Philip Morgan and Jean Russo, eds., Colonial Chesapeake Society (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988) Rebecca Anne Goetz, The Baptism of Early Virginia: How Christianity Created Race (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 2012) James P. P Horn, Adapting to a New World: English Society in the Seventeenth Century (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996) ------------, A Land As God Made It: Jamestown and the Birth of America (New York: Basic, 2006) Rhys Isaac, The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982) Allan Kulikoff, Tobacco and Slaves: The Development of Southern Cultures in the Chesapeake, 1680-1800 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986) Matthew Kruer, “Bloody Minds and Peoples Undone: Emotion, Family, and Political Order in the Susquehannock-Virginia War,” William and Mary Quarterly 74:3 (July 2017). Russell R.

Menard, "From Servant to Freeholder: Status Mobility and Property Accumulation in Seventeenth-Century Maryland," William and Mary Quarterly 30:1 (1973): 37-54 Edmund S. Morgan, American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia (New York: Norton, 1975) Paul Musselwhite, Peter C. Mancall, and James Horn, Virginia 1619: Slavery and Freedom in the Making of English America (Chapel Hill: Omohundro Institute for Early American History and Culture for University of North Carolina Press, 2019) * Michael Leroy Oberg, The Head in Edward Nugents Hand: Roanokes Forgotten Indians (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007) James Rice, Tales from a Revolution: Bacon’s Rebellion and the Transformation of Early America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013) ------------, “Bacon’s Rebellion in Indian Country,” Journal of American History 101:3 (2014): 726– 750 Jean B. Russo and J Elliott Russo, Planting an Empire: The Early Chesapeake in British North

America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012) * Mechal Sobel, The World They Made Together: Black and White Values in Eighteenth-Century Virginia (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987) Lorena S. Walsh, From Calabar to Carters Grove: The History of a Virginia Slave Community (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1997) ------------, Motives of Honor, Pleasure, & Profit: Plantation Management in the Colonial Chesapeake, 16071763 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010) 6. NEW ENGLAND New England, centered on the colony of Massachusetts, saw its first English settlements in 1620 (with Pilgrims and others in Plymouth Colony) and Massachusetts (founded 1629 by Puritans at the start of the “Great Migration”). Other colonies, in New Haven, Connecticut, and other areas, followed Traditionally, New England was the archetype of the colonial experience, credited with religiously-inspired stability and order. Few historians still accept such

characterizations or indeed New England’s prominence, even while accepting the 13 Source: http://doksi.net significant role religion played in these colonies. As in other settlements, misunderstandings, colonization, and wars with Native Americans disturbed the peace. So did religious controversies (such as those involving the “heretic” Anne Hutchinson) and witchcraft accusations, most famously at Salem, Massachusetts, in 1692. General * Virginia Anderson, New Englands Generation: The Great Migration and the Formation of Society and Culture in the Seventeenth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991) Catherine Adams and Elizabeth H. Pleck, Love of Freedom: Black Women in Colonial and Revolutionary New England (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010) David Cressy, Coming Over: Migration and Communication Between England and New England in the Seventeenth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987). Cornelia Dayton and Sharon Salinger, Robert Love’s

Warnings: Searching for Strangers in Colonial Boston (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014) Thomas Foster, “Deficient Husbands: Manhood, Sexual Incapacity, and Male Marital Sexuality in Seventeenth-Century New England.” William and Mary Quarterly 56:4 (1999): 723-44 Christopher Grasso, A Speaking Aristocracy: Transforming Public Discourse in Eighteenth-Century Connecticut (Chapel Hill: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture for University of North Carolina Press, 1999) David D. Hall, Worlds of Wonder, Days of Judgment: Popular Religious Belief in Early New England (New York: Knopf, 1989) * Jane Kamensky, Governing the Tongue: The Politics of Speech in Early New England (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997) Kenneth A. Lockridge, A New England Town: The First Hundred Years, enlarged ed (New York: W. W Norton & Company, 1985) Mary Beth Norton, Founding Mothers & Fathers: Gendered Power and the Forming of American Society (New York: Knopf,

1996), especially Ch 8. Mark A. Peterson, The Price of Redemption: The Spiritual Economy of Puritan New England (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997) Mark A. Peterson, The City-State of Boston: The Rise and Fall of an Atlantic Power, 1630-1865 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2019) Strother E. Roberts, Colonial Ecology, Atlantic Economy: Transforming Nature in Early New England (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019) Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, Good Wives: Image and Reality in the Lives of Women in Northern New England, 1650-1750 (New York: Knopf, 1982) Wendy Warren, "The Cause of Her Grief: The Rape of a Slave in Early New England," Journal of American History 93: 4 (2007): 1031-49 Wendy Warren, New England Bound: Slavery and Colonization in Early America (New York: Liveright, 2016) Relations with Native Americans Lisa Brooks, Our Beloved Kin: A New History of King Philip’s War (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018) 14 Source: http://doksi.net

Jill Lepore, The Name of War: King Philips War and the Origins of American Identity (New York: Knopf, 1998) * Ann M. Little, Abraham in Arms: War and Gender in Colonial New England (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Presss, 2007) William Cronon, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (New York: Hill and Wang, 1983) John Demos, The Unredeemed Captive: A Family Story from Early America (New York: Knopf, 1994) Katherine A. Grandjean, “New World Tempests: Environment, Scarcity, and the Coming of the Pequot War,” William and Mary Quarterly, 68 (2011), 75–100. Evan Haefeli and Kevin Sweeney. “Revisting The Redeemed Captive: New Perspectives on the 1704 Attack on Deerfield.” William and Mary Quarterly 52:1 (1995), 3-46 Andrew Lipman, “‘A Meanes to Knitt Them Togeather’: The Exchange of Body Parts in the Pequot War,” William and Mary Quarterly 65 (2008), 3–28. Ann Marie Plane, Colonial Intimacies: Indian Marriage in Early New England

(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000) * Jenny Hale Pulsipher, Subjects Unto the Same King: Indians, English, and the Contest for Authority in Colonial New England (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005) David J. Silverman, Faith and Boundaries: Colonists, Christianity, and Community among the Wampanoag Indians of Martha’s Vineyard, 1600–1871 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005) Witchcraft “Forum: Salem Repossessed,” William and Mary Quarterly 65: 3 (2008): 391-534 Emerson W. Baker, A Storm of Witchcraft: The Salem Trials and the American Experience (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015) * Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum, Salem Possessed: The Social Origins of Witchcraft (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1974) John Demos, Entertaining Satan: Witchcraft and the Culture of Early New England (New York: Oxford University Press, 1982) Carol F. Karlsen, The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial New England (New York: Norton,

1987) Mary Beth Norton, In the Devils Snare: The Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692 (New York: Knopf, 2002) 7. THE “GREATER CARIBBEAN” In many ways, the model for British colonization was not New England but a colony much further south: Barbados. This colony, founded in 1625, was where the English learned to cultivate sugarand a system of African slavery already instituted by other Europeans (including the Dutch and the Portuguese) in the Caribbean. Later, in 1655, the English captured Jamaica from the Spanish, thus beginning a very important facet of colonization. In 1670, Barbadians, eager for more land, founded the colony of South Carolina on the mainland, exploiting enslaved Indians and Africans from the very start. General/Comparative Richard S. Dunn, A Tale of Two Plantations: Slave Life and Labor in Jamaica and Virginia (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2014) 15 Source: http://doksi.net Sylvia Frey and Betty Wood, Come Shouting to Zion. African American

Protestantism in the American South and British Caribbean to 1830 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 1998) * Travis Glasson, Mastering Christianity: Missionary Anglicanism and the Slavery in the Atlantic World (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012) * Jennifer Morgan, Laboring Women: Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004) Philip D. Morgan “Three Planters and Their Slaves: Perspectives on Slavery in Virginia, South Carolina, and Jamaica, 1750-1790,” in Race and Family in the Colonial South, ed. Winthrop D Jordan and Sheila L. Skemp, (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1987): 37-80 Matthew Mulcahy, Hubs of Empire: The Southeastern Lowcountry and the British Caribbean (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 2014) *Simon Newman, A New World of Labor: The Development of Plantation Slavery in the British Atlantic (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 2013) Molly A. Warsh, American Baroque: Pearls and the Nature

of Empire, 1492-1700 (Chapel Hill: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture for the University of North Carolina Press, 2018) David Wheat, Atlantic Africa and the Spanish Caribbean, 1570–1640 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016) Caribbean Hilary McD. Beckles, A History of Barbados: From Amerindian Settlement to Nation-State (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990) * Vincent Brown, The Reapers Garden: Death and Power in the World of Atlantic Slavery (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2008) Vincent Brown, Tacky’s Revolt: The Story of an Atlantic Slave War (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2020) Trevor Burnard, Mastery, Tyranny, and Desire: Thomas Thistlewood and His Slaves in the Anglo-Jamaican World (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004) ------- Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624-1713 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1972) Barbara Bush, Slave

Women in Caribbean Society, 1650–1838 (Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1990) David W. Galenson “Population Turnover in the English West Indies in the Late Seventeenth Century: A Comparative Perspective,” Journal of Economic History 45:2 (1985): 227-235 Larry Gragg, Englishmen Transplanted: The English Colonization of Barbados, 1627-1660 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003) Susan E. Klepp and Roderick A McDonald “Inscribing Experience: An American Working Woman and and English Gentlewoman Encounter Jamaica’s Slave Society, 1801-1805,” William and Mary Quarterly 58 (2001): 637-660 Karen Ordahl Kupperman. “Fear of Hot Climates in the Anglo-American Colonial Experience,” William and Mary Quarterly, 41: 2 (1984): 213-240 16 Source: http://doksi.net Daniel Livesay, Children of Uncertain Fortune: Mixed-Race Jamaicans in Britain and the Atlantic Family, 1733-1833 (Chapel Hill: Omohundro Institute for Early American History and Culture for University of North

Carolina Press, 2019) Brooke Newman, A Dark Inheritance: Blood, Race, and Sex in Colonial Jamaica (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018) Katherine Paugh, The Politics of Reproduction: Race, Medicine and Fertility in the Age of Abolition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017) Sasha Turner, Contested Bodies: Pregnancy, Childrearing, and Slavery in Jamaica (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017) Natalie A. Zacek, Settler Society in the English Leeward Islands, 1670-1776 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010) South Carolina * Judith Carney, Black Rice: The African Origins of Rice Cultivation in the Americas (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001) Joyce E. Chaplin, An Anxious Pursuit: Agricultural Innovation and Modernity in the Lower South, 17301815 (Chapel Hill: Omohundro Institute for Early American History and Culture for University of North Carolina Press, 1996) Max Edelson, Plantation Enterprise in Colonial South Carolina (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard

University Press, 2006) Alan Gallay, Indian Slave Trade: The Rise of the English Empire in the American South, 1670-1717 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002) Emma Hart, Building Charleston: Town and Society in the Eighteenth-Century British Atlantic World (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2009) Stephanie E. Jones-Rogers, They Were Her Property: White Women as Slave Owners in the American South (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2019) Ben Marsh, Georgia’s Frontier Women: Female Fortunes in a Southern Colony (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2007) Robert Olwell, Masters, Slaves, and Subjects: The Culture of Power in the South Carolina Low Country, 1740-1790 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998) John Thornton, "African Dimensions of the Stono Rebellion," American Historical Review 96:4 (1991): 1101-13 Betty Wood, Womens Work, Mens Work: The Informal Slave Economies of Lowcountry Georgia (Athens: University of Georgia Press,1995) * Peter H. Wood, Black

Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 Through the Stono Rebellion (New York: Knopf, 1974) 8. MIDDLE COLONIES The so-called Middle Colonies, comprising New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, became important colonies, especially in the eighteenth century. The English Quaker, William Penn, founded Pennsylvania in 1680, as a haven of toleration, and a more designed proprietary colony. New York (New 17 Source: http://doksi.net Netherlands) was taken from the Dutch in 1664. Pennsylvania and New York became among the more diverse of English colonies, with continued Dutch presence in New York and an increasing German-speaking presence in Pennsylvania. Despite somewhat better relations with Natives in Pennsylvania under Penn, both colonies, like others, ultimately depended on the exploitation and dispossession of Native Americans, as well as an increasing use of African slave labor (especially in their capital cities, New York City and Philadelphia).

Pennsylvania and Delaware Thomas A. Doerflinger, A Vigorous Spirit of Enterprise: Merchants and Economic Development in Revolutionary Philadelphia (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, 1986) Nicole Eustace. Passion is the Gale: Emotion, Power, and the Coming of the American Revolution (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008) Aaron S. Fogleman, Hopeful Journeys: German Immigration, Settlement, and Political Culture in Colonial America, 1717-1775 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press,1996) * Gunlög Fur, A Nation of Women: Gender and Colonial Encounters among the Delaware Indians (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009) Patrick Griffin, The People with No Name: Irelands Ulster Scots, Americas Scots Irish, and the Creation of a British Atlantic World, 1689-1764 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001) Barry Levy, “Quakers, the Delaware Valley, and North Midlands Emigration to

America,” William and Mary Quarterly 48:2 (1991): 246-252 Clare A. Lyons, Sex among the Rabble: An Intimate History of Gender and Power in the Age of Revolution, Philadelphia, 1730-1830 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006) Jennifer Manion, Libertys Prisoners: Carceral Culture in Early America (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 2015) James H. Merrell, Into the American Woods: Negotiators on the Pennsylvania Frontier (New York: WW Norton, 1999) Jane T. Merritt, At the Crossroads: Indians and Empires on a Mid-Atlantic Frontier, 1700–1763 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003) Simon P. Newman, Embodied History: The Lives of the Poor in Early Philadelphia (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003) * Geoffrey Plank, John Woolmans Path to the Peaceable Kingdom (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012) * John Smolenski, Friends and Strangers: The Making of a Creole Culture in Colonial Pennsylvania (Philadelphia:

University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010) Patrick Spero, Frontier Country: The Politics of War in Early Pennsylvania (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017) Karin Wulf, Not All Wives: Women of Colonial Philadelphia (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000) New York and New Jersey Patricia U. Bonomi, The Lord Cornbury Scandal: The Politics of Reputation in British America (Chapel Hill: North Carolina Press, 1998) ------------------------, “‘Swarms of Negroes Comeing About My Door’: Black Christianity in Early Duth and English North America,’ Journal of American History, 103, no. 1 (June 2016): 34-58 18 Source: http://doksi.net Evan Haefeli, New Netherland and the Dutch Origins of American Religious Liberty (2012) Joyce D. Goodfriend, Before the Melting Pot: Society and Culture in Colonial New York City, 1664-1730 (1992) * Leslie M. Harris, In the Shadow of Slavery: African Americans in New York City, 1626-1863 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003) Jill

Lepore, New York Burning: Liberty, Slavery and Conspiracy in Eighteenth-Century Manhattan (New York: Knopf, 2005) * Simon Middleton. From Privileges to Rights: Work and Politics in Colonial New York City (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania 2006) Susanah Shaw Romney, New Netherland Connections: Intimate Networks and Atlantic Ties in SeventeenthCentury America (Chapel Hill: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture for University of North Carolina Press, 2019) * Serena Zabin, Dangerous Economies: Status and Commerce in Imperial New York (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009) 9. CONSOLIDATING SLAVERY Slavery had existed in North America prior to the arrival of Europeans, as many Native Americans had systems of captivity. Yet the form of slavery that became dominant in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was an innovative and particularly harsh one, and it began with colonizing ventures in the seventeenth century. The readings this week consider

this history from various perspectives. Some offer theoretical considerations of what have become key explanatory concepts for historians of slavery: “social death,” “fictive kin,” and “agency.” They also interrogate the archive of slavery. Although Indian slavery once received little attention, this situation has changed in the last ten years or so. There has also been a great deal work on the slave trade itself Other works consider the regimes, community life, and horrific institution of slavery in its eighteenth-century forms. Theoretical Considerations Vincent Brown, “Social Death and Political Life in the Study of Slavery,” American Historical Review 114:5 (2009): 1231-1249 Marisa Fuentes, “Power and Historical Figuring: Rachael Pringle Polgreen’s Troubled Archive,” Gender and History 22:3 (2010): 564-584 Marisa Fuentes, Dispossessed Lives: Enslaved Women, Violence, and the Archive (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016) Walter Johnson, “On

Agency,” Journal of Social History 37:1 (2003): 113-124 James H. Sweet, “Defying Social Death: The Multiple Configurations of African Slave Family in the Atlantic World,” William and Mary Quarterly 70:2 (2013): 251-272. Indian Slavery Juliana Barr, “From Captives to Slaves: Commodifying Indian Women in the Borderlands,” Journal of American History, 92:1 (2005), 19-46. Robbie Ethridge and Sheri M. Shuck-Hall, Mapping the Mississippian Shatter Zone: The Colonial Indian Slave Trade and Regional Instability in the American South (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009) Alan Gallay, Indian Slave Trade: The Rise of the English Empire in the American South, 1670-1717 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002) 19 Source: http://doksi.net Margaret Ellen Newell, Brethren by Nature: New England Indians, Colonists, and the Origins of American Slavery (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2015) Andrés Reséndez, The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America

(Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016) Brett Rushforth, Bonds of Alliance: Indigenous and Atlantic Slaveries in New France (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012) Brett Rushforth, "A Little Flesh We Offer You: The Origins of Indian Slavery in New France," William and Mary Quarterly 60: 4 (2003): 777-808 Christina Snyder, Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2010) Slave Trade David Eltis, The Rise of American Slavery in the Americas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000) Sowande’ M. Mustakeem, Slavery at Sea: Terror, Sex, and Sickness in the Middle Passage New Black Studies Series. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2016) Gregory E. O’Malley, Final Passages: The Intercolonial Slave Trade of British America, 1619-1807 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014) Marcus Rediker, The Slave Ship: A Human History (New York: Penguin, 2007) Stephanie E.

Smallwood, Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage from Africa to American (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2007) John Thornton, Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1680, second ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992) Slavery Ira Berlin, “From Creole to African: Atlantic Creoles and the Origins of African- American Society in Mainland North America, ” William and Mary Quarterly 53:2 (1996) * Ira Berlin, Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998) * Ira Berlin and Philip D. Morgan, eds, Cultivation and Culture: Labor and the Shaping of Slave Life in the Americas (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1993) Richard S. Dunn, A Tale of Two Plantations: Slave Life and Labor in Jamaica and Virginia (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2014) Max Edelson, Plantation Enterprise in Colonial South Carolina (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press,

2006) David Barry Gaspar and Darlene Clark Hines, eds. More Than Chattel: Black Women and Slavery in the Americas (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996). Rhys Isaac, Landon Carter’s Uneasy Kingdom: Revolution and Rebellion on a Virginia Plantation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003) Tiya Miles, The Dawn of Detroit: A Chronicle of Slavery and Freedom in the City of the Straits (New York: New Press, 2017) * Jennifer Morgan, Laboring Women: Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004) 20 Source: http://doksi.net * Simon Newman, A New World of Labor: The Development of Plantation Slavery in the British Atlantic (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 2013) Philip D. Morgan, Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998) Robert Olwell, Masters, Slaves, and Subjects: The Culture of Power in the South Carolina Low Country,

1740-1790 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998) Billy G. Smith, “Black Women Who Stole Themselves in Eighteenth-Century America” in Carla Gardina Pestana and Sharon V. Salinger, eds, Inequality in Early America (1999) Randy Sparks, Africans in the Old South: Mapping Exceptional Lives across the Atlantic World (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2016) 10. REVIVALS Religion had been central to life for most Americans throughout the colonial (and indeed pre-colonial) periods. Many of the works in other sections touch on religion. This topic focuses on the transformations of religious life in the eighteenth century. The readings taken together present a variety of especially evangelical Protestant revivals and what has been called the “Great Awakening.” Historians have debated how great of an awakening it was and among which inhabitants of North America. They have also considered the rise of evangelical groups and of “enthusiastic” religion on the American landscape.

General/Background * Patricia Bonomi, Under the Cope of Heaven: Religion, Society, and Politics in Colonial America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003 [1986]) * Jon Butler, “Enthusiasm Described and Decried: The Great Awakening as Interpretative Fiction,” Journal of American History 69, no. 2 (1982): 305–25 --------, Awash in a Sea of Faith: Christianizing the American People (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1990) Emily Clark, “By All the Conduct of Their Lives’: A Laywomen’s Confraternity in New Orleans, 1730-1744,” William and Mary Quarterly 54:4 (1997): 769-794 Charles L. Cohen, "The Post-Puritan Paradigm of Early American Religious History," William and Mary Quarterly 54:4 (1997): 695-722 * Aaron Fogleman, “Jesus Is Female: The Moravian Challenge in the German Communities of British North America,” William and Mary Quarterly 60:2 (2003): 295-332 * --------, Jesus Is Female: Moravians and Radical Religion in Early America (Philadelphia:

University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007) Sylvia Frey and Betty Wood, Come Shouting to Zion. African American Protestantism in the American South and British Caribbean to 1830 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 1998) Ann Marie Plane, Dreams and the Invisible World in Colonial New England: Indians, Colonists, and the Seventeenth Century (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015) Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, "Vertuous Woman Found: New England Ministerial Literature, 1668-1735," American Quarterly 28:1 (1976): 20-40 Awakenings and Evangelicalism 21 Source: http://doksi.net Catherine A. Brekus, Strangers and Pilgrims: Female Preaching in America, 1740–1845 (Chapel Hill, NC, and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1998) Richard L. Bushman, From Puritan to Yankee: Character and the Social Order in Connecticut, 1690-1765 (New York: Norton, 1967) Kate Carté, “Connecting Protestants in Britain’s Eighteenth-Century Atlantic Empire,” William & Mary

Quarterly 75:1 (2018): 37-70. Linford D. Fisher, The Indian Great Awakening: Religion and the Shaping of Native Cultures in Early America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012) Timothy D. Hall, Contested Boundaries: Itinerancy and the Reshaping of the Colonial American Religious World (Durham., NC: Duke University Press, 1994) Rhys Isaac, The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982) Susan Juster, Disorderly Women: Sexual Politics & Evangelicalism in Revolutionary New England (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994) Thomas S. Kidd, The Great Awakening: The Roots of Evangelical Christianity in Colonial America (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007) Frank Lambert Inventing the “Great Awakening” (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999) Jane T. Merritt, “Dreaming of the Savior’s Blood: Moravians and the Indian Great Awakening in Pennsylvania,” William and Mary Quarterly 54 (1997), 723–746. * Janet Moore

Lindman, Bodies of Belief: Baptist Community in Early America (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008) Mark A. Noll, “The American Revolution and Protestant Evangelicalism,” Journal of Interdisciplinary History 23:3 (1993): 615-38 ------------, The Rise of Evangelicalism: The Age of Edwards, Whitefield, and the Wesleys (Leicester: IVP (Apollos), 2004) Jon Sensbach, Rebeccas Revival: Creating Black Christianity in the Atlantic World (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2005) 11. CONVERGENCE? The considerable diversity of colonies should be apparent from previous topics. Some historians argue that in the eighteenth century there was “convergence” of colonial experience. Some have seen this convergence as a necessary prelude to the unity the colonies needed to declare independence. Yet this convergence was not merely high political There was arguably an increasingly shared Atlantic culture of consumerism, law, and print, in what some historians have called a

“consumer revolution.” Some historians have also argued for a unifying “sexual revolution” in early America, while others have contended that race and rank came to define lives more than region in this period (especially for women). Other historians have considered the unifying effects of colonial war General Richard R. Beeman, The Varieties of Political Experience in Eighteenth-Century America (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004) 22 Source: http://doksi.net * Jon Butler, Becoming America: The Revolution before 1776 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2000) Jack P. Greene, Pursuits of Happiness: The Social Development of Early Modern British Colonies and the Formation of American Culture (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988) Paul Mapp, The Elusive West and the Contest for Empire, 1713-1763 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011) Edmund S. Morgan, American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia

(New York: Norton, 1975) Legal, Consumer, and Print Cultures Zara Anishanslin, Portrait of a Woman in Silk: Hidden Histories of the British Atlantic World (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016) T. H Breen, “Narrative of Commercial Life: Consumption, Ideology, and Community on the Eve of the American Revolution.” William and Mary Quarterly 50 (1993): 471-501 * Richard D. Brown, Knowledge is Power: The Diffusion of Information in Early America, 1700-1785 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989) Richard L. Bushman, The Refinement of America: Persons, Houses, Cities (New York: Knopf, 1992) Cornelia Hughes Dayton, Women before the Bar: Gender, Law, & Society in Connecticut, 1639-1789 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995) S. Max Edelson, The New Map of Empire: How Britain Imagined America Before Independence (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2017) Kate Haulman, The Politics of Fashion in Eighteenth-Century America (Chapel Hill: University of North

Carolina Press, 2011) David S. Shields, ed, Material Culture in Anglo-America: Regional Identity and Urbanity in the Tidewater, Lowcountry, and Caribbean (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2009) Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, The Age of Homespun: Objects and Stories in the Creation of an American Myth (New York: Knopf, 2001) Gender and Sexualities Cornelia Hughes Dayton. “Taking the Trade: Abortion and Gender Relations in an EighteenthCentury New England Village,” William and Mary Quarterly 48 (1991) Richard D. Godbeer, Sexual Revolution in Early America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002) Susan Klepp, Revolutionary Conceptions: Women, Fertility, and Family Limitation in America, 1760-1820 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009) Clare A. Lyons, “Mapping an Atlantic Sexual Culture: Homoeroticism in Eighteenth-Century Philadelphia,” William and Mary Quarterly 60: 1 (2001): 119-54 Clare A. Lyons, Sex among the Rabble: An Intimate History of

Gender and Power in the Age of Revolution, Philadelphia, 1730-1830 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006) Honor Sachs, Home Rule: Households, Manhood, and National Expansion on the Eighteenth-Century Kentucky Frontier (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015) 23 Source: http://doksi.net War Fred Anderson, Crucible of War: The Seven Years War and the Fate of British Empire in North America, 1754-1766 (New York: Knopf, 2000) Colin Calloway, The Scratch of a Pen: 1763 and the Transformation of North America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007) Christopher Hodson, The Acadian Diaspora: An Eighteenth-Century History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012) Paul Kelton, “The British and Indian War: Cherokee Power and the Fate of Empire in North America,” William and Mary Quarterly 69 (2012): 763–792. Elena Schneider, The Occupation of Havana: War, Trade, and Slavery in the Atlantic World (Chapel Hill: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture

for the University of North Carolina Press, 2018) Peter Silver, Our Savage Neighbors: How Indian War Transformed Early America (New York: Norton, 2008) 12. ORIGINS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION Why did (some) Americans declare independence in 1776? The question has transfixed historians since the very event. A number of historians have devoted attention to the issues raised by this world-altering event; what appears here is a small portion of that work. Some key works have focused on sovereignty and independence In the last several decades, explanations for the origins of the American Revolution have tended to focus on “ideological” or “material” ones. There are also issues about populations under consideration, and the narrative of key events. General T. H Breen, “Ideology and Nationalism on the Eve of the American Revolution: Revisions Once More in Need of Revising,” Journal of American History 84:1 (1997): 13-39 Edward Countryman, The American Revolution (New York: Hill and

Wang, 2003 [1985]) * Edward Gray and Jane Kamensky, eds. Oxford Handbook of the American Revolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013) Gary Nash, The Unknown American Revolution: The Unruly Birth of Democracy and the Struggle to Create America (New York: Random House, 2005) Jack P. Greene, The American Revolution: Its Character and Limits (New York: New York University Press, 1987) Jack P. Greene and J R Pole, eds, A Companion to the American Revolution (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2000) Alan Taylor, American Revolutions: A Continental History, 1750-1804 (New York: Norton, 2016), Introduction, chaps. 3–9 Joint Special Issues on the American Revolution in William and Mary Quarterly and Journal of the Early Republic, October 2017 Sovereignty and Independence 24 Source: http://doksi.net Richard D. Brown, Revolutionary Politics in Massachusetts: The Boston Committee of Correspondence and the Towns, 1772-1774 (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1970) Ronald Hoffman, A Spirit

of Dissensions: Economics, Politics, and the Revolution in Maryland (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973) Marjoleine Kars, Breaking Loose Together: The Regulator Rebellion in Pre-revolutionary North Carolina (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002) Pauline Maier, American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence (New York: Knopf, 1997) Brendan McConville, The King’s Three Faces: The Rise and Fall of Royal America, 1688-1776 (Chapel Hill: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture for the University of North Carolina Press, 2006) Edmund S. Morgan, Inventing the People: The Rise of Popular Sovereignty in England and America (New York: Norton, 1988) Edmund S. Morgan and Helen M Morgan, The Stamp Act Crisis: Prologue to Revolution (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1953) Ideological and Material Explanations Bernard Bailyn, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press,

1967) T. H Breen, The Marketplace of Revolution: How Consumer Politics Shaped American Independence (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004) T, H. Breen, American Insurgents, American Patriots: The Revolution of the People (New York: Hill and Wang, 2010) Kate Haulman, The Politics of Fashion in Eighteenth-Century America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011) Eric Hinderaker, Boston’s Massacre (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2017). Woody Holton, Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999) Benjamin H. Irvin, “Tar, Feathers, and the Enemies of American Liberties, 1768-1776,” New England Quarterly 76: 2 (2003): 197-238 Jesse Lemisch, "Jack Tar in the Streets: Merchant Seamen in the Politics of Revolutionary America," William and Mary Quarterly 25:3 (1968): 371-407 * Gary B. Nash, The Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political

Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1979) Mary Beth Norton, “The Seventh Tea Ship,” William and Mary Quarterly 73:4 (Oct. 2016) Robert G. Parkinson, The Common Cause: Creating Race and Nation in the American Revolution (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016) Patrick Spero and Michael Zuckerman, eds., The American Revolution Reborn (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016) Alfred F. Young, Liberty Tree: Ordinary People and the American Revolution (New York: New York University Press, 2006) 25 Source: http://doksi.net 13. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION This topic has many parts. One aspect focuses on the war itself, and its effects on the people and landscape of the colonies. Another aspect considers the effects of the American Revolution on various populations, and whether they understood this revolution as their own or not. There is also a consideration of Patriots and Loyalists, and how

and why people chose sides. Finally, there is a broader question about the radicalism (or not) of a conflict that has seemed, to many historians, tame in comparison with roughly contemporary revolutions (such as France or Haiti). War Wayne A. Carp, To Starve the Army at Pleasure: Continental Army Administration and American Political Culture, 1775-1783 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984) Stephen Conway, The British Isles and the War of American Independence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000) Stephen Conway, The War of American Independence, 1775-1783 (London: Edward Arnold, 1995) Caroline Cox, A Proper Sense of Honor: Service and Sacrifice in George Washington’s Army (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004) Wayne Lee, Barbarians and Brothers: Anglo-American Warfare, 1500-1865 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), Part IV Michael McDonnell, The Politics of War: Race, Class and Conflict in Revolutionary Virginia (Chapel Hill: University of

North Carolina Press, 2007) Holly A. Mayer, Belonging to the Army: Campfollowers and Community During the American Revolution (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1996) Charles Royster, A Revolutionary People at War (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996) David K. Wilson, The Southern Strategy: Britain’s Conquest of South Carolina and Georgia, 1775-1780 (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2005) Choosing Sides Ira Berlin and Ronald Hoffman, eds. Slavery and Freedom in the Age of the American Revolution (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1983) * Colin G. Calloway, The American Revolution in Indian Country: Crisis and Diversity in Native American Communities (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995) Douglas Egerton, Death or Liberty: African Americans and Revolutionary America (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009) Sylvia R. Frey, Water from the Rock: Black Resistance in a Revolutionary Age (Princeton: Princeton University Press,

1991) Maya Jasanoff, Libertys Exiles: American Loyalists in the Revolutionary World (New York: Knopf, Jane Kamensky, A Revolution in Color: The World of John Singleton Copley (New York: Norton, 2016) Allan Kulikoff, “Revolutionary Violence and the Origins of American Democracy,” Journal of the Historical Society 2 (2002): 229-260 Mary Beth Norton, Libertys Daughters: The Revolutionary Experiences of American Women (Boston: Little, Brown, 1980) 26 Source: http://doksi.net Judith Van Buskirk, Generous Enemies: Patriots and Loyalists in Revolutionary New York (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002) Beyond the Thirteen Colonies Kathleen DuVal, Independence Lost: Lives on the Edge of the American Revolution (New York: Random House, 2015) Eliga Gould, Among the Powers of the Earth: The American Revolution and the Making of a New World Empire (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2012) , The Persistence of Empire: British Political Culture in the Age of the

American Revolution (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2000) * Eric Hinderaker, Elusive Empires: Constructing Colonialism in the Ohio Valley, 1673-1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997) Michael J. Jarvis, In the Eye of All Trade: Bermuda, Bermudians, and the Maritime Atlantic World ,16801783 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010), 375-448 Jane G. Landers, Atlantic Creoles in the Age of Revolutions (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2010) * Elizabeth Mancke, ‘The American Revolution in Canada’, in Jack Greene and J.R Pole, eds, A Companion to the American Revolution (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000), 503-510 Andrew Jackson O’Shaughnessy, An Empire Divided: The American Revolution and the British Caribbean (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000) -------, The Men Who Lost America: British Leadership, the American Revolution, and the Fate of the Empire (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013) Janet Polasky, Revolutions without

Borders: The Call to Liberty in the Atlantic World (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015) Cassandra Pybus, Epic Journeys of Freedom: Runaway Slaves of the American Revolution and Their Global Quest for Liberty (Boston: Beacon Press, 2006) Claudio Saunt, West of the Revolution: An Uncommon History of 1776 (New York: W.W Norton, 2014) Alan Taylor, American Revolutions: A Continental History, 1750-1804 (New York: Norton, 2016), Introduction, chaps. 3–9 Radicalism? Forum: “How Revolutionary Was the Revolution? A Discussion of Gordon S. Woods The Radicalism of the American Revolution.” William and Mary Quarterly, 51: 4 (1994): 677-716 Benjamin Irvin, Clothed in Robes of Sovereignty: The Continental Congress and the People Out of Doors (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011) Linda Kerber, Women of the Republic: Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1980) Barbara C. Smith, “Food Rioters and the American Revolution,”

William and Mary Quarterly 51:1 (1994): 3-38 Gordon S. Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution (New York: Knopf, 1992) 27 Source: http://doksi.net Rosemary Zagarri, “The Rights of Man and Woman in Post-Revolutionary America,” William and Mary Quarterly 55:2 (1998): 203-230 14. FROM CONFEDERATION TO CONSTITUTION The United States emerged victorious from the war with Britain; but what kind of nation had the Revolution created? And could Americans expect to maintain their independence, given the continuing presence of European and indigenous rivals in North America and the competing sovereignties of the thirteen states? Historians once described the Constitution as the capstone of the American Revolution: it was the political achievement that tempered and consolidated the radical energies of the 1770s and set the United States apart from Europe. In recent years, scholars have paid closer attention to the contingencies of this moment, and have presented the founders as more

closely attuned to the realities of modern European statecraft than previously imagined. The story of the Constitution is still narrated by some historians in triumphal terms; a growing body of work, however, emphasises the broad and powerful currents of opposition thought that influenced the debate over ratification. The Confederation Years * Kevin T. Barksdale, The Lost State of Franklin: America’s First Secession (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2009) David C. Hendrickson, Peace Pact: The Lost World of the American Founding (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2003), esp. 115-231 Woody Holton, Unruly Americans and the Origins of the Constitution (New York: Hill and Wang, 2007), ix-176 Holton, Abigail Adams (New York: Free Press, 2009), 182-265 Leonard L. Richards, Shays’s Rebellion: The American Revolution’s Final Battle (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002) Alan Taylor, American Revolutions: A Continental History, 1750-1804 (New York: Norton,

2016), chaps. 10–12 Inventing the U.S Constitution * Lance Banning, The Sacred Fire of Liberty: James Madison and the Founding of the Federal Republic (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1995) Richard Beeman et al., eds, Beyond Confederation: Origins of the Constitution and American National Identity (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1987) Carol Berkin, A Brilliant Solution: Inventing the American Constitution (New York: Harcourt, 2002) * Daniel L. Dreisbach and Mark David Hall, eds, Faith and the Founders of the American Republic (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014) * Max Edling, A Revolution in Favor of Government: Origins of the U.S Constitution and the Making of the American State (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003) Joseph J. Ellis, The Quartet: Orchestrating the Second American Revolution, 1783-1789 (New York: Knopf, 2015) Michael J. Klarman, The Framers’ Coup: The Making of the United States Constitution (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016)

Alison L. LaCroix, The Ideological Origins of American Federalism (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2010), 132-174 28 Source: http://doksi.net James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, The Federalist Papers [various editions] Eric Nelson, The Royalist Revolution: Monarchy and the American Founding (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2014), 184-232 Daniel Rodgers, “Republicanism: The Career of a Concept” Journal of American History 79, no 1 (June 1992): 11-38. David Waldstreicher, Slavery’s Constitution: From Revolution to Ratification (New York: Hill and Wang, 2009) Gordon S. Wood, The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1969), 393-564 Ratification and the anti-Federalists Saul Cornell, "Aristocracy Assailed: The Ideology of Backcountry Anti-Federalism," Journal of American History 76:4 (1990): 1148-72 Woody Holton, Unruly Americans, 179-278 Pauline Maier, Ratification: The People

Debate the Constitution, 1787-1788 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2010) Herbert J. Storing, ed, The Anti-Federalist: Writings by Opponents of the Constitution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981) 15. POLITICS, NATIONALISM AND BELONGING IN THE EARLY REPUBLIC Between 1789 and 1815, the new federal system managed to maintain and expand the Union but failed to prevent the emergence of strong divisions over the political, social and economic future of the United States. In the 1790s, these disputes brought the U.S to the brink of domestic and foreign war After 1801, even as a series of Republican presidents oversaw the eclipse of the Federalist party, Americans continued to argue about development, democracy and the limits of federal power. Meanwhile, free black Americans sought to demonstrate that the promises of liberty in the new United States would not be limited to white people. Federalists v. Republicans: the 1790s Saul Cornell, The Other Founders: Anti-Federalism and the

Dissenting Tradition in America, 1788-1828 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999), 147-273 * Stanley Elkins and Eric McKitrick, The Age of Federalism: The Early American Republic, 1788-1800 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993) Joseph J. Ellis, Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation (New York: Knopf, 2000) David McCullough, John Adams (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 389-567 James Roger Sharp, American Politics in the Early Republic: The New Nation in Crisis (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993) Sean Wilentz, The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln (New York: Norton, 2005), 40-98 * Gordon S. Wood, Empire of Liberty: A History of the Early Republic, 1789-1815 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), 5-275 Nationalism and political culture 29 Source: http://doksi.net Susan Branson, Those Fiery Frenchified Dames: Women and Political Culture in Early National Philadelphia (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001)

Joanne B. Freeman, Affairs of Honor: National Politics in the New Republic (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001) François Furstenberg, In the Name of the Father: Washington’s Legacy, Slavery, and the Making of a Nation (New York: Penguin, 2006) Linda Kerber, Women of the Republic: Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1980) Jeffrey L. Pasley, Beyond the Founders: New Approaches to the Political History of the Early American Republic (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004) Nathan Perl-Rosenthal, Citizen Sailors: Becoming American in the Age of Revolution (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2015) David Waldstreicher, In the Midst of Perpetual Fetes: The Making of American Nationalism, 1776-1820 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997) Kariann Akemi Yokota, Unbecoming British: How Revolutionary America became a Postcolonial Nation (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011) Rosemarie

Zagarri, Revolutionary Backlash: Women and Politics in the Early American Republic (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007) Jefferson and the ‘revolution of 1800’ Joyce Appleby, Thomas Jefferson (New York: Times Books, 2003) Drew R. McCoy, The Elusive Republic: Political Economy in Jeffersonian America (New York: Norton, 1980) R. Kent Newmyer, John Marshall and the Heroic Age of the Supreme Court (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001), 146-209 Peter S. Onuf, ed, Jeffersonian Legacies (Charlotesville: University of Virginia Press, 1993) Sean Wilentz, Rise of American Democracy, 99-140 * Gordon S. Wood, Empire of Liberty, 276-356, 400-507 Race and freedom in the early United States Jennifer Hull Dorsey, Hirelings: African American Workers and Free Labor in Early Maryland (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2014) Erica Armstrong Dunbar, Never Caught: The Washington’s Relentless Pursuit of their Runaway Slave, Ona Judge (New York: Simon & Schuster,

2017) Joanne Pope Melish, Disowning Slavery; Gradual Emancipation and “Race” in New England, 1780-1860 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998) Gary B. Nash, Forging Freedom: The Formation of Philadelphia’s Black Community, 1720-1840 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1991) Shane White, Somewhat More Independent: The End of Slavery in New York City, 1770-1810 (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1991) 30 Source: http://doksi.net 16. NATIVE AMERICANS AND THE EARLY NATIONAL WEST It’s impossible to understand the politics and culture of the early republic without paying close attention to the trans-Appalachian West, and especially to relations between the United States and the hundreds of thousands of Native Americans who continued to live east of the Mississippi River after 1783. The West was a place of cultural contact and, frequently, conflict. It was an area of contested sovereignty: not only between whites and Native people, but between settlers, state

governments, and the federal apparatus in the East. After the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, which mandated that territorial expansion should guarantee equality between new states in the interior and the established states of the seaboard, the West became an incubator of ideas about American democracy, possibility and self-reliance. It also become a terrain of broken promises and dispossession Federal Indian policy before 1800 Colin G. Calloway, The Victory with No Name: The Native American Defeat of the First American Army (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015) Nicholas Guyatt, Bind Us Apart: How Enlightened Americans Invented Racial Segregation (New York: Basic Books, 2016), chapters 2, 4 & 6 Reginald Horsman, ‘The Indian Policy of an “Empire for Liberty”’, in Frederick E. Hoxie et al, eds., Native Americans and the Early Republic (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1999) Bernard W. Sheehan, ‘The Indian Problem in the Northwest: From Conquest to

Philanthropy’, in Ronald Hoffman and Peter J. Albert, eds, Launching the ‘Extended Republic’: The Federalist Era (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1996), 190-222 Settlers, government and the culture of expansion Noelani Arista, The Kingdom and the Republic: Sovereign Hawai’i and the Early United States (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019) * William H. Bergmann, The American National State and the Early West (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012) Andrew R.L Clayton, ‘“When Shall We Cease to Have Judases?” The Blount Conspiracy and the Limits of the “Extended Republic”’, in Hoffman and Albert, Launching the ‘Extended Republic’, 156-89 Patrick Griffin, American Leviathan: Empire, Nation, and Revolutionary Frontier (New York: Hill and Wang, 2007), 183-277 John Craig Hammond, ‘Slavery, Settlement and Empire: The Expansion and Growth of Slavery in the Interior of the North American Continent, 1770-1820’, Journal of the Early

Republic, 32 (Summer 2012): 175-206 Anne F. Hyde, Empires, Nations, and Families: A New History of the North American West, 1800-1860 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011), 1-156 Peter S. Onuf, Statehood and Union: A History of the Northwest Ordinance (Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1987) J. M Opal, Avenging the People: Andrew Jackson, the Rule of Law, and the American Nation (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016) Dawn Peterson, Indians in the Family: Adoption and the Politics of Antebellum Expansion (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2017) 31 Source: http://doksi.net * Stephen J. Rockwell, Indian Affairs and the Administrative State in the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 1-131 Deborah A. Rosen, Border Law: The First Seminole War and American Nationhood (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2015) Bethel Saler, The Settlers’ Empire: Colonialism and State Formation in Americas Old Northwest (Philadelphia:

University of Pennsylvania, 2014). Laurel Clark Shire, The Threshold of Manifest Destiny: Gender and National Expansion in Florida (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016) Alan Taylor, Divided Ground: Indians Settlers and the Northern Borderland of the American Revolution (New York: Vintage, 2007) Native Americans in the early republic Colin G. Calloway, The Indian World of George Washington: The First President, the First Americans, and the Birth of a Nation (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018) James Taylor Carson, Searching for the Bright Path: The Mississippi Choctaws from Prehistory to Removal (Lincoln: Nebraska University Press, 2003) Harvey Lewis Carter, The Life and Times of Little Turtle: First Sagamore of the Wabash (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987) Matthew Dennis, Seneca Possessed: Indians, Witchcraft, and Power in the Early American Republic (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010) Kathleen DuVal, The Native Ground: Indians and

Colonists in the Heart of the Continent (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006), 164-248 [NB listed in catalogue as Du Val, not DuVal] Robbie Franklin Ethridge, Creek Country: The Creek Indians and their World, 1796-1816 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003) Hyde, Empires, Nations, and Families, 222-277 David A. Nichols, Red Gentlemen and White Savages Indians, Federalists, and the Search for Order on the American Frontier (Charlottesville: University of Virginia, 2008) Jean O’Brien, Firsting and Lasting: Writing Indians out of Existence in New England (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2010) David J. Silverman, Red Brethren: The Brothertown and Stockbridge Indians and the Problem of Race in Early America (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2010) Christina Snyder, Great Crossings: Indians, Settlers and Slaves in the Age of Jackson (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017) * Richard White, The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the

Great Lakes Region, 16501815 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 413-523 * Michael Witgen, An Infinity of Nations: How the Native New World Shaped Early North America (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012) The Louisiana Purchase * Jon Kukla, A Wilderness So Immense: The Louisiana Purchase and the Destiny of America (New York: Random House, 2003) 32 Source: http://doksi.net Robert Lee, “Accounting for Conquest: The Price of the Louisiana Purchase of Indian Country”, Journal of American History, 103, no. 4 (2017): 921-42 Jennifer Spear, Race, Sex and Social Order in Early New Orleans (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009), 178-214 Sara Brooks Sundberg, “Women and Property in Early Louisiana: Legal Systems at Odds,” Journal of the Early Republic 32:4 (Winter 2012): 633-655. Patrick G. Williams et al, eds, A Whole Country in Commotion: The Louisiana Purchase and the American Southwest (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2005)

Jefferson, Pan-Indianism and the road to 1812 * Gregory Evans Dowd, A Spirited Resistance: The North American Indian Struggle for Unity, 17451815 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), 90-201 Adam Jortner, The Gods of Prophetstown: The Battle of Tippecanoe and the Holy War for the American Frontier (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012) Robert M. Owens, Mr Jefferson’s Hammer: William Henry Harrison and the Origins of American Indian Policy (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2007) ---------------------, Red Dreams, White Nightmares: Pan-Indian Alliances in the Anglo-American Mind, 1763-1815 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2015) * Anthony F. C Wallace, Jefferson and the Indians: The Tragic Fate of the First Americans (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999) 17. THE UNITED STATES IN THE WORLD, c 1776-1830 Historians of the early U.S once mobilised a variety of arguments for looking inwards rather than outwards: the United States, they suggested, was

largely isolationist before the wars of 1898; Washington’s 1796 Farewell Address and James Monroe’s 1823 confirmed the nation’s desire to remain apart from European politics; the political and social development of the new republic was a singular phenomenon (aka the ‘American exceptionalism’ thesis). More recently, all of these claims have been dismantled As historian Rosemarie Zagarri has noted, it’s hard to ignore the myriad ways in which the United States was shaped by regional/hemispheric, Atlantic and global processes. Moreover, the roots of American imperium in the twentieth century are firmly rooted in the nation’s early experiences of the wider world. Overviews Jay Cook et al., “Interchange: Globalization and its Limits between the American Revolution and the Civil War,” Journal of American History, 103, no. 2 (Sept 2016): 400-433 * Eliga H. Gould, Among the Powers of the Earth: The American Revolution and the Making of a New World Empire (Cambridge, Mass.:

Harvard University Press, 2012), 178-209 Brian Loveman, No Higher Law: American Foreign Policy and the Western Hemisphere since 1776 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010), 19-37 Rosemarie Zagarri, ‘The Significance of the “Global Turn” for the Early American Republic,’ Journal of the Early Republic 31 (Spring 2011): 1-37 Competition and consolidation in North America 33 Source: http://doksi.net * Rafe Blaufarb, ‘The French Revolutionary Wars and the Making of American Empire, 17831796’, in Suzanne Desan et al., The French Revolution in Global Perspective (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2013), 148-162 Brian DeLay, “Indian Polities, Empire, and the History of American Foreign Relations”, Diplomatic History, 39, no. 5 (2015): 927-42 Kathleen DuVal, Independence Lost: Lives on the Edge of the American Revolution (New York: Random House, 2015) François Furstenberg, ‘The Significance of the Trans-Appalachian Frontier in Atlantic History’,

American Historical Review 113 (June 2008): 647-677 Claudio Saunt, West of the Revolution: An Uncommon History of 1776 (New York: Norton, 2014) Britain and the northern borderlands Denver Brunsman, “Subjects vs. Citizens: Impressment and Identity in the Anglo-American Atlantic,” Journal of the Early Republic 30, no. 4 (Winter 2010): 557-586 Sam Haynes, Unfinished Revolution: The Early American Republic in a British World (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2010) Alan Taylor, The Civil War of 1812: American Citizens, British Subjects, Irish Rebels and Indian Allies (New York: Knopf, 2010) Timothy D. Willig, Restoring the Chain of Friendship: British Policy and the Indians of the Great Lakes, 1783-1815 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2008) The U.S and the Revolutionary Americas Jeremy Adelman, ‘An Age of Imperial Revolutions,’ American Historical Review, 113 (April 2008): 319-40 Rafe Blaufarb, ‘The Western Question: The Geopolitics of Latin American

Independence,’ American Historical Review 112, no. 3 (June 2007): 742-63 Caitlin Fitz, Our Sister Republics: The United States in an Age of American Revolutions (New York; Liveright, 2016) Jay Sexton, The Monroe Doctrine: Empire and Nation in Nineteenth-Century America (New York: Hill and Wang, 2011), 3-84. The geopolitics of abolition James Alexander Dun, Dangerous Neighbors: Making the Haitian Revolution in Early America (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 2016) * Eliga H. Gould, Among the Powers of the Earth, 145-177 Bronwen Everill, Abolition and Empire in Sierra Leone and Liberia (Palgrave: Basingstoke, 2013) Greg Grandin, The Empire of Necessity: Slavery, Freedom and Deception in the New World (New York: Henry Holt, 2014) Matthew Mason, ‘Keeping Up Appearances: The International Politics of Slave Trade Abolition in the Nineteenth-Century Atlantic World’, William and Mary Quarterly 66, no. 4 (2009): 809-832 * Edward Bartlett Rugemer, The Problem of Emancipation: The

Caribbean Roots of the American Civil War (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2008), 1-142 34 Source: http://doksi.net * James Sidbury, Becoming African in America: Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007) Ashli White, Encountering Revolution: Haiti and the Making of the Early Republic (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010) Matthew Karp, This Vast Southern Empire: Slaveholders at the Helm of American Foreign Policy (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2016) North Africa and Islam William Henry Foster, Gender, Mastery and Slavery: From European to Atlantic World Frontiers (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2010) Frank Lambert, The Barbary Wars: American Independence in the Atlantic World (New York: Hill and Wang, 2005) Karine V. Walter, Sacred Interests: The United States and the Islamic World, 1821-1921 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015) Americans overseas Emily Conroy-Krutz, Christian

Imperialism: Converting the World in the Early American Republic (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2015) Christine Leigh Heyrman, American Apostles: When Evangelicals Entered the World of Islam (New York: Hill and Wang, 2015) Brian Rouleau, With Sails Whitening Every Sea: Mariners and the Making of an American Maritime Empire (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2014) Nancy Shoemaker, ‘The Extraterritorial United States to 1860’, Diplomatic History, 42, no. 1 (2018): 36-54 Nancy Shoemaker, Native American Whalemen and the World: Indigenous Encounters and the Contingency of Race (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015) 18. SLAVERY AND ANTISLAVERY Thomas Jefferson claimed that slavery was an unwanted inheritance from the British empire; the author of ‘all men are created equal’ insisted that he was personally opposed to the institution. But this ‘antislavery slaveholder’ epitomised the new nation’s broader predicament: few Americans outside of the Deep South

could defend the morality of slavery before the 1830s, and yet the institution metastasized alarmingly even after Congress banned the external slave trade in 1808. We can partly explain this paradox by studying the cotton boom that revolutionised the economics of slavery after 1815, but we also need to consider the practical problems of ending slavery in a mixed-race society in which ‘equality’ was a founding principle. The readings below explore the forms of abolitionism that emerged before the 1830s, including a popular movement that proposed to resettle freed slaves in Africa. The readings also consider the effects of slavery on national politics, and the experiences of enslaved people themselves. General Daina Ramey Berry, The Price for their Pound of Flesh: The Value of the Enslaved, from Womb to Grave, in the Building of a Nation (Boston: Beacon Press, 2017) Calvin Schermerhorn, Unrequited Toil: A History of United States Slavery (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018)

35 Source: http://doksi.net Gradual abolitionism James J. Gigantino, The Ragged Road to Abolition: Slavery and Freedom in New Jersey, 1775-1865 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015) Joanne Pope Melish, Disowning Slavery: Gradual Emancipation and ‘Race’ in New England, 1790-1860 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998) Richard S. Newman, The Transformation of American Abolitionism: Fighting Slavery in the Early Republic (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002), 1-106 Paul J. Polgar, ‘"To Raise Them to an Equal Participation": Early National Abolitionism, Gradual Emancipation, and the Promise of African American Citizenship’, Journal of the Early Republic, 31, no. 2 (2011): 229-258 Manisha Sinha, The Slave’s Cause: A History of Abolition (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016) Colonization Eric Burin, Slavery and the Peculiar Solution: A History of the American Colonization Society (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2005)

James T. Campbell, Middle Passages: African American Journeys to Africa, 1787-2005 (New York: Penguin, 2006), 1-98 Nicholas Guyatt, “‘The Outskirts of our Happiness”: Race and the Lure of Colonization in the Early Republic,’ Journal of American History 95 (March 2009), 986-1011 Nicholas Guyatt, Bind Us Apart: How Enlightened Americans Invented Racial Segregation (New York: Basic Books, 2016) Beverly Tomek, Colonization and its Discontents: Emancipation, Emigration, and Antislavery in Antebellum Pennsylvania (New York: New York University Press, 2011) Beverly Tomek and Matthew Hetrick, eds., New Directions in the Study of African American Recolonization (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2017) Bronwen Everill, “Destiny seems to point me to that country: early nineteenth-century African American migration, emigration, and expansion,” Journal of Global History 7,1 (2012), 53-77. Origins of political sectionalism Robert Pierce Forbes, The Missouri Compromise and its

Aftermath: Slavery and the Meaning of America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007) Matthew Mason, Slavery and Politics in the Early American Republic (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008) Gary B. Nash, The Forgotten Fifth: African Americans in the Age of Revolution (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2006), 69-122 Leonard L. Richards, Slave Power: The Free North and Southern Domination, 1780-1860 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University, 2000) George William Van Cleve, A Slaveholders’ Union: Slavery, Politics, and the Constitution in the Early American Republic (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010) Slavery and antislavery in the upper South 36 Source: http://doksi.net * Christa Dierksheide, Amelioration and Empire: Progress and Slavery in the Plantation Americas (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2014), 1-87 Douglas R. Egerton, Gabriel’s Rebellion: The Virginia Slave Conspiracies of 1800 & 1802 (Chapel Hill:

University of North Carolina Press, 1993) * Lacy K. Ford, Deliver Us From Evil: The Slavery Question in the Old South (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), 3-296 Annette Gordon-Reed, The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family (New York: Norton, 2008), especially 264-662 Christina Snyder, Great Crossings: Indians, Settlers and Slaves in the Age of Jackson (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017) Alan Taylor, The Internal Enemy: Slavery and War in Virginia, 1772-1832 (New York: Norton, 2013) Eva Sheppard Wolf, Race and Liberty in the New Nation: Emancipation in Virginia from the Revolution to Nat Turner’s Rebellion (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2006) Slave societies Daina Ramey Berry, “Swing the Sickle for the Harvest is Ripe”: Gender and Slavery in Antebellum Georgia (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2007) Ira Berlin, Generations of Captivity: A History of African-American Slaves (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003), 99-244 Eugene

Genovese, Roll, Jordan Roll: The World the Slaves Made (New York: Pantheon, 1974) Kambiz GaneaBassiri, A History of Islam in America: From the New World to the New World Order (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), chapters 1 & 2 Thavolia Glymph, Out of the House of Bondage: The Transformation of the Plantation Household (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008) Kenneth S. Greenburg, Honor and Slavery (Princeton: Princeton University, 1996) Anthony E. Kaye, Joining Places: Slave Neighborhoods in the Old South (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007) * Walter Johnson, Soul by Soul: Inside the Antebellum Slave Market (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999) Keri Leigh Merritt, Masterless Men: Poor Whites and Slavery in the Antebellum South (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017) * Brenda E. Stevenson, Life in Black and White: Family and Community in the Slave South (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996) Marli Weiner, Mistresses and

Slaves: Plantation Women in South Carolina, 1830-1880 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998) Deborah Gray White, Ar’n’t I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South, revised edition (New York: Norton, 1999) The cotton boom * Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 125-142 37 Source: http://doksi.net * Walter Johnson, River of Dark Dreams: Slavery and Empire in the Cotton Kingdom (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2013), 1-208 Adam Rothman, Slave Country: American Expansion and the Origins of the Deep South (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2005) Slavery and Native Americans Tiya Miles, Ties that Bind: The Story of an Afro-Cherokee Family in Slavery and Freedom (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2005) Barbara Krauthammer, Black Slaves, Indian Masters: Slavery, Emancipation, and Citizenship in the Native American South (Chapel Hill:

University of North Carolina Press, 2013) Christina Snyder, Slavery in Indian Country (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2010), 152-248 19. CIVIL SOCIETY AND PRIVATE LIVES Beyond the confines of formal politics in the early republic lay a vibrant public sphere: churches, newspapers and magazines, literary associations, reform groups, scientific societies, and voluntary bodies. Focusing on the rise of ‘civil society’ after 1783, some historians have suggested that American collective identities were forged more by these associative practices than by formal politics. These forms of association also allowed groups excluded from the ballot box – women and free blacks, for example – to assemble and, occasionally, to agitate. Religion was a crucial element in the creation of local and regional publics during the first decades of the United States, and played a major role in inspiring a variety of reform movements. This was also a moment in which boundaries between public

and private were in flux, and in which assumptions about marriage, sex and the family were tested against dynamic economic and social forces. Civil society and reform John L. Brooke, ‘Cultures of Nationalism, Movements of Reform, and the Composite-Federal Polity,’ Journal of the Early Republic 29 (Spring 2009): 1-33 John L. Brooke, Columbia Rising: Civil Life on the Upper Hudson from the Revolution to the Age of Jackson (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010) Bruce Dorsey, Reforming Men and Women: Gender in the Antebelllum City (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002) Catherine Kelly, Republic of Taste: Art, Politics, and Everyday Life in Early America (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016) Jen Manion, Liberty’s Prisoners: Carceral Culture in Early America (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015) Steven Mintz, Moralists and Modernizers: America’s Pre-Civil War Reformers (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995) Johann N.

Neem, Creating a Nation of Joiners: Democracy and Civil Society in Early National Massachusetts (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2008) Alan Taylor, William Cooper’s Town: Power and Persuasion on the Frontier (New York: Vintage, 1995) Cultures 38 Source: http://doksi.net Lara Langer Cohen and Jordan Alexander Stein, eds., Early African American Print Culture (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012) James Cook, The Arts of Deception: Playing with Fraud in the Age of Barnum (Cambridge: Harvard University, 2001) Marcus Daniel, Scandal and Civility: Journalism and the Birth of American Democracy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009) Robert A. Gross and Mary Kelley, eds, An Extensive Republic: Print, Culture, and Society in the New Nation, 1790-1840 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010) David Henkin, Postal Age: The Emergence of Modern Communications in Nineteenth-Century America (Chicago: University of Chicago, 2006) Catherine

O’Donnell Kaplan, Men of Letters in the Early Republic: Cultivating Forms of Citizenship (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008) Trish Loughran, The Republic in Print: Print Culture in the Age of U.S Nation Building, 1770-1870 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007) Michael O’Brien, Conjectures of Order: Intellectual Life and the American South, 1810-1860, 2 vols. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), 1: 395-587 Caroline Winterer, American Enlightenments: Pursuing Happiness in the Age of Reason (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016) -------------The Culture of Classicism: Ancient Greece and Rome in American Intellectual Life, 1780-1910 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002) Science D. Graham Burnett, Trying Leviathan: The Nineteenth-Century Court Case that Put the Whale on Trial and Challenged the Order of Nature (Princeton: Princeton University, 2007) Lee Alan Dugatkin, Mr Jefferson and the Giant Moose: Natural History in Early

America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009) Ann Fabian, The Skull Collectors: Race, Science, and Americas Unburied Dead (Chicago: University of Chicago, 2010) John C. Greene, American Science in the Age of Jefferson (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1984) Andrew J. Lewis, A Democracy of Facts: Natural History in the Early Republic (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011) Women and the public sphere Nancy Cott, The Bonds of Womanhood: "Womans Sphere" in New England, 1780-1835 (1977) Christie Farnham, ed., Women of the American South: A Multicultural Reader (New York: New York University Press, 1997) * Cassandra A. Good, Founding Friendships: Friendships Between Men and Women in the Early American Republic (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015) Linda K. Kerber, No Constitutional Right to be Ladies: Women and the Obligations of Citizenship (New York: Hill and Wang, 1998), 3-46 39 Source: http://doksi.net Mary Kelley, Learning to Stand and Speak:

Women, Education, and Public Life in America’s Republic (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006) Mary Kelley et al., ‘Women and Civil Society’, Journal of the Early Republic 28, no 1 (Spring 2008): 23-82 Carol Lasser, Lori D. Ginzberg, Patricia Cline Cohen, Ellen Hartigan-O’Connor, Amy Dru Stanley, and Jennifer L. Morgan, “Forum: Politics in and of Womens History in the Early Republic,” Journal of the Early Republic 36:2 (Summer 2016) Lucia McMahon, Mere Equals: The Paradox of Educated Women in the Early American Republic (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2012) Sally G. McMillen, Southern Women: Black and White in the Old South (1992) * Theda Perdue, Cherokee Women: Gender and Culture Change, 1700-1835 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998), 109-195 Sheila L. Skemp, First Lady of Letters: Judith Sargent Murray and the Struggle for Female Independence (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009) Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, A Midwife’s Tale: The

Life of Martha Ballard, Based on Her Diary, 1785-1812 (New York: Knopf, 1990) Free black struggles for citizenship Martha S. Jones, Birthright Citizens: A History of Race and Rights in Antebellum America (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018) Stephen Kantrowitz, More Than Freedom: Fighting for Black Citizenship in a White Republic, 1829-1889 (New York: Penguin, 2012), 1-171 Hilary J. Moss, Schooling Citizens: The Struggle for African American Education in Antebellum America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009) Patrick Rael, Black Identity and Black Protest in the Antebellum North (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002) * Julie Winch, A Gentleman of Color: A Life of James Forten (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002) Sex, marriage and family Norma Basch, Framing American Divorce: From the Revolutionary Generation to the Victorians (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1999) Carol Bleser, ed., In Joy and Sorrow: Women, Family, and

Marriage in the Victorian South (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991) Christine Jacobson Carter, Southern Single Blessedness: Unmarried Women in the Urban South, 18001865 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2006) Emily Clark, The Strange History of the American Quadroon: Free Women of Color in the Revolutionary Atlantic World (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013) Rachel Hopes Cleve, Charity and Sylvia: A Same-Sex Marriage in Early America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014) Stephen M. Frank, Life with Father: Parenthood and Masculinity in the Nineteenth-Century American North (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998) 40 Source: http://doksi.net Carol Faulkner, Unfaithful: Love, Adultery, and Marriage Reform in Nineteenth-Century America (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019) Martha Hodes, White Women, Black Men: Illicit Sex in the Nineteenth Century South (1997) Tera W. Hunter, Bound in Wedlock: Slave and Free Black Marriage in

the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2017) Anya Jabour, Marriage in the Early Republic: Elizabeth and William Wirt and the Compassionate Ideal (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002) ---------------, Scarlett’s Sisters: Young Women in the Old South (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007) Mark E. Kann, Taming Passion for the Public Good: Policing Sex in the Early Republic (New York: New York University Press, 2013) Ann McGrath, Illicit Love: Interracial Sex and Marriage in the United States and Australia (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2015) Sarah M. S Pearsall, Polygamy: An Early American History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2019) * Brenda E. Stevenson, Life in Black & White: Family and Community in the Slave South (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996) Religion Jennifer Graber, The Furnace of Affliction: Prisons and Religion in Antebellum America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014)

Christopher Grasso, “Skepticism and American Faith: Infidels, Converts, and Religious Doubt in the Early Nineteenth Century,” Journal of the Early Republic, 22, no. 3 (Autumn 2002): 465-508 Nathan O. Hatch, The Democratization of American Christianity (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989) Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought, 164-202 Christine Leigh Heyrman, Southern Cross: The Beginnings of the Bible Belt (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997) Amanda Porterfield, Conceived in Doubt: Religion and Politics in the New American Nation (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012) James Turner, Without God, Without Creed: The Origins of Unbelief in America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986) Sean Wilentz and Paul Johnson, The Kingdom of Matthias: A Story of Sex and Salvation in America¸2nd Ed. (New York: Oxford University, 2012) Michael P. Young, Bearing Witness Against Sin: The Evangelical Birth of the American Social Movement (Chicago:

University of Chicago Press, 2006) 20. MARKET REVOLUTIONS 41 Source: http://doksi.net In the early 1990s, economic, social and political historians quarrelled fiercely about the timing and shape of the ‘market revolution’: a shift towards regional, national and global commerce that supposedly wrenched ordinary Americans from their peaceful worlds of local production and subsistence. The topic didn’t entirely go out of fashion thereafter, but recent years have seen a revival of interest in economic history from two distinct angles of approach. Practitioners of the ‘new history of capitalism’ have turned their attention to the first decades of the United States, with some particularly interesting work on the connections between slavery and capitalism. Meanwhile, historians of the American state have begun a careful examination of the federal government’s role in fostering economic development. At the same time, cultural and social historians have explored another version

of market revolution: the tendency of the American economy to careen between boom and bust. It’s easy to overstate the extent of urbanization in the antebellum period: by 1860, fewer than 20% of Americans lived in cities. But the urban experience became increasingly important to economic, social and political change during the early nineteenth century, as these readings demonstrate. Defining the ‘market revolution’ John Lauritz Larson, The Market Revolution in America: Liberty, Ambition, and the Eclipse of the Common Good (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010) Charles Sellers, The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815-1846 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994) Melvyn Stokes and Stephen Conway, eds., The Market Revolution in America: Social, Political, and Religious Expressions, 1800-1880 (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1996) Government, finance and business Max M. Edling, A Hercules in the Cradle: War, Money, and the American State, 1787-1867

(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014), 1-177 Robin L. Einhorn, American Taxation, American Slavery (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008) * Richard R. John, Spreading the News: The American Postal System from Franklin to Morse (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995) John Lauritz Larson, Internal Improvement: National Public Works and the Promise of Popular Government in the Early United States (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001) Walter Licht, Industrializing America: The Nineteenth Century (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995) * Thomas McCraw, The Founders and Finance: How Hamilton, Gallatin, and other Immigrants Forged a New Economy (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2012) Carol Sheriff, The Artificial River: The Erie Canal and the Paradox of Progress, 1817-1862 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1996) * Jay Sexton, Debtor Diplomacy: Finance and American Foreign Relations in the Civil War Era, 18371873 (Oxford: Clarendon Press,

2005) * Christopher L. Tomlins, Law, Labor, and Ideology in the Early American Republic (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993) Gautham Rao, National Duties: Custom Houses and the Making of the American State (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016) Boom, bust, banks and bankruptcy 42 Source: http://doksi.net * Howard Bodenhorn, State Banking in Early America: A New Economic History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002) Daniel S. Dupre, ‘The Panic of 1819 and the Political Economy of Sectionalism’, in Cathy Matson, ed., The Economy of Early America: Historical Perspectives and New Directions (University Park: Penn State University Press, 2006) * Naomi Lamoreaux, Insider Lending: Banks, Personal Connections, and Economic Development in Industrial New England (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994) Jessica M. Lepler, The Many Panics of 1837: People, Politics and the Creation of a Transatlantic Financial Crisis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013) *

Bruce Mann, Republic of Debtors: Bankruptcy in the Age of American Independence (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2009) Stephen Mihm, A Nation of Counterfeiters: Capitalists, Con Men, and the Making of the United States (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2009) The business of slavery Edward E. Baptist, The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism (New York: Basic, 2014) Sven Beckert, Empire of Cotton: A New History of Global Capitalism (New York: Knopf, 2014), 56241 Sven Beckert and Seth Rockman, eds., Slavery’s Capitalism: A New History of American Economic Development (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016) Steven Deyle, Carry Me Back: The Domestic Slave Trade in American Life (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005) Kathleen M. Hilliard, Masters, Slaves, and Exchange: Power’s Purchase in the Old South (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014) * Walter Johnson, River of Dark Dreams: Slavery and Empire in the

Cotton Kingdom (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2013), 1-208 * Scott P. Marler, The Merchants’ Capital: New Orleans and the Political Economy of the NineteenthCentury South (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013) James Oakes, “Capitalism and Slavery and the Civil War,” International Labor and Working-Class History, 89 (Spring 2016): 195-220 William Kauffman Scarborough, Masters of the Big House: Elite Slaveholders of the Mid-Nineteenth Century (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003) Caitlyn Rosenthal, Accounting for Slavery: Masters and Management (Cambridge: Harvard University, 2018) Calvin Schermerhorn, The Business of Slavery and the Rise of American Capitalism, 1815-1860 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015) Labor, class and the social effects of economic change * Jeanne Boydston, Home and Work: Housework, Wages and the Ideology of Labor in the Early Republic (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990) * Thomas Dublin, Women at Work: The

Transformation of Work and Community in Lowell, Massachusetts, 1826-1860 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1979) 43 Source: http://doksi.net Michele Gillespie, Free Labor in an Unfree World. White Artisans in Slaveholding Georgia, 1789-1860 (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1999) David Grimsted, American Mobbing, 1828–1861: Toward Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998) Paul E. Johnson, Sam Patch, The Famous Jumper (New York: Hill & Wang, 2003) Cathy Matson et al., ‘Connection, Contingency, and Class in the Early Republic’s Economy,’ special issue of Journal of the Early Republic, 26, no. 4 (2006): 515-651 Stephanie McCurry, Masters of Small Worlds: Yeoman Households, Gender Relations and the Political Culture of the Antebellum South Carolina Low Country (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995) Mark Noll, ed., God and Mammon: Protestants, Money, and the Market, 1790-1860 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001) Michael O’Brien,

Conjectures of Order: Intellectual Life and the American South, 1810-1860, 2 vols (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), 1:364-92 Seth Rockman, Scraping By: Wage Labor, Slavery, and Survival in Early Baltimore (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009) Jeffrey Sklansky, The Soul’s Economy: Market Society and Selfhood in American Thought, 1820-1920 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002) Sean Wilentz, Chants Democratic: New York City and the Rise of the American Working Class (New York: Oxford University Press, Michael Zakim and Gary J. Kornblith, eds, Capitalism Takes Command: The Social Transformation of Nineteenth-Century America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012) Jo Cohen, Luxurious Citizens: Consumption and Civic Belonging in Nineteenth Century America (Penn, 2017) Urbanization Thomas Bender, Toward an Urban Vision: Ideas and Institutions in Nineteenth-Century America (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1975) Stuart Blumin,

The Emergence of the Middle Class: Social Experience in the American City, 1760-1900 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989) William Cronon, Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West (New York: Norton, 1991) Leonard P. Curry, The Free Black in Urban America, 1800-1850: The Shadow of a Dream (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981) Catherine McNeur, Taming Manhattan: Environmental Battles in the Antebellum City (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2014) Simon P. Newman, Embodied History: The Lives of the Poor in Early Philadelphia (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003) * Christine Stansell, City of Women: Sex and Class in New York, 1789-1860 (New York: Knopf, 1982) 44 Source: http://doksi.net 21. DEMOCRATS, WHIGS AND THE BIRTH OF MODERN POLITICS Before 1828, the presidency was the province of four slaveholding Virginians and two members of the Adams family. The election of Andrew Jackson confirmed a shift towards a more democratic (and

volatile) form of politics, rooted in the party’s appeal to western settlers and European immigrants. The many crises during Jackson’s two terms in office – over Indian removal, South Carolina’s threat to nullify the federal tariff, and the role of the Bank of the United States, in particular – crystallized the formation of the Whig party. Unlike their Federalist predecessors, the Whigs presented an effective opposition to the Democrats for nearly two decades, until the collapse of the ‘second party system’ in the 1850s. The years between 1825 and 1850 also witnessed an explosion of reform activity outside the sphere of electoral politics: temperance and Sabbatarian campaigns; a brief but anguished movement against Native American removal; the rise of a new, radical antislavery movement; and the birth of the struggle for female suffrage. The era of the ‘second party system’ * Sean Patrick Adams, ed., A Companion to the Era of Andrew Jackson (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell,

2013) Richard Carwardine, Evangelicals and Politics in Antebellum America (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993) * Yonatan Eyal, The Young America Movement and the Transformation of the Democratic Party, 18281861 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012) * Michael F. Holt, The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party: Jacksonian Politics and the Onset of the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003) Elizabeth R. Varon, We Mean to be Counted: White Women and Politics in Antebellum Virginia (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998) Harry Watson, Liberty and Power: The Politics of Jacksonian America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990) The Jackson presidency Richard E. Ellis, The Union at Risk: Jacksonian Democracy, States’ Rights and the Nullification Crisis (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987) Howe, What Hath God Wrought, 328-445 Lynn Hudson Parsons, The Birth of Modern Politics: Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and the Election of 1828 (New

York: Oxford University Press, 2009) Sean Wilentz, The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln (New York: Norton, 2005), 281455 J. M Opal, Avenging the People: Andrew Jackson, the Rule of Law, and the American Nation (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016), 192–225 Immigration and Nativism * Tyler Anbinder, Nativism and Slavery: The Northern Know Nothings & the Politics of the 1850s (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992) 45 Source: http://doksi.net James R. Barrett, The Irish Way: Becoming American in the Multiethnic City (Penguin: New York, 2012) James M. Bergquist, Daily Life in Immigrant America, 1820-1870 (Westport, Conn: Greenwood, 2009) * Raymond L. Cohn, Mass Migration Under Sail: European Immigration to the Antebellum United States (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009) David T. Gleeson, The Irish in the South, 1815-1877 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001) Kunal Parker, Making Foreigners: Immigration and Citizenship Law in

America, 1600-2000 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015), 81-115 * David R. Roediger, The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class, new edition (London: Verso, 2007) Nancy Lusignan Schultz, Fire and Roses: The Burning of the Charlestown Convent, 1834 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000) * David Wilson, United Irishmen, United States: Immigrant Radicals in the Early Republic (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998) Native American removal John A. Andrew, From Revivals to Removal: Jeremiah Evarts, the Cherokee Nation, and the Search for the Soul of America (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1992) John P. Bowes, Exiles and Pioneers: Eastern Indians in the Trans-Mississippi West (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007) ------------------, Land Too Good for Indians: Northern Indian Removal (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2016) * Michael D. Green, The Politics of Indian Removal: Creek Government and Society in Crisis (Lincoln: University

of Nebraska Press, 1985) Nicholas Guyatt, Bind Us Apart: How Enlightened Americans Invented Racial Segregation (New York: Basic Books, 2016), chapters 9 & 11, epilogue Patrick J. Jung, The Black Hawk War of 1832 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2007) Anthony F.C Wallace, The Long, Bitter Trail: Andrew Jackson and the Indians (New York: Hill and Wang, 1993) Immediate abolitionism and southern responses R.JM Blackett, Building an Antislavery Wall: Black Americans in the Atlantic Abolitionist Movement, 1830-1860 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1983) , The Captive’s Quest for Freedom: Fugitive Slaves, the 1850 Fugitive Slave Law, and the Politics of Slavery (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017) * Lacy K. Ford, Deliver Us From Evil: The Slavery Question in the Old South (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), 329-536 Paul Goodman, Of One Blood: Abolitionism and the Origins of Racial Equality (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of

California Press, 1998), 81-172 * Stanley Harrold, The Abolitionists and the South, 1831-1861 (Lexington: University Press of 46 Source: http://doksi.net Kentucky, 1995) Richard S. Newman, The Transformation of American Abolitionism: Fighting Slavery in the Early Republic (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002) Marcus Rediker, The Amistad Rebellion: An Atlantic Odyssey of Slavery and Freedom (New York: Viking, 2012) Manisha Sinha, The Slave’s Cause: A History of Abolition (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016) W. Caleb McDaniel, The Problem of Democracy in the Age of Slavery: Garrisonian Abolitionists and Transatlantic Reform (LSU Press, 2013) Political activism and women’s rights Gene C. Altschuler and Stuart M Blumin, Rude Republic: Americans and their Politics in the Nineteenth Century (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000), 87-151 Goodman, Of One Blood, 173-232 Sally Gregory McMillen, Seneca Falls and the Origins of the Women’s Rights Movement

(New York: Oxford University Press, 2008) Mary Hershberger, ‘Mobilizing Women, Anticipating Abolition: The Struggle against Indian Removal in the 1830s,’ JAH, 86, no. 1 (June 1999): 15-40 Alisse Portnoy, Their Right to Speak: Women’s Activism in the Indian and Slave Debates (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2005) Judith Wellman, The Road to Seneca Falls: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the First Woman’s Rights Convention (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2004) Kathryn Kish Sklar and James Brewer Stewart, eds., Women’s Rights and Transatlantic Slavery in the Era of Emancipation (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007) 22. EXPANSION AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE UNION Territorial expansion was not the only cause of the Civil War, or even the most important one; but the pressures placed on the United States by the headlong dash into Mexico revealed old fissures and created new ones. These readings track the process of Anglo expansion into the Southwest, and the

ideologies and interests that fueled the extension of the republic more generally. An important part of this story is the persistence of Native peoples: Indians did not ‘vanish’ after the removal debates of the 1830s; instead, western and (removed) eastern Indians regrouped to face the expanding United States through the 1840s and 1850s. The Mexican War produced a series of national political controversies, and forced the question of how to balance free and slave systems within a single political sphere. (A dilemma that led to the collapse of the Whig party and the rise of the Republicans in the 1850s.) Historians disagree about the extent of southern ‘nationalism’ before 1860, and about whether Northern fears of the ‘slave power’ in politics were real or illusory. Most agree, however, that the growing crisis between the northern and southern sections of the Union made life considerably harder for African Americans both in the North and the South. Texas, California, and the

wars with Mexico Gregg Cantrell, Stephen F. Austin: Empresario of Texas (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001) Ernesto Chávez, ed. The US War with Mexico: A Brief History with Documents (Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martins, 2007) 47 Source: http://doksi.net Miroslava Chávez-Garcia, Negotiating Conquest: Gender and Power in California, 1770s to 1880s, (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2004) Brian DeLay, War of a Thousand Deserts: Indian Raids and the U.S-Mexican War (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008) Amy S. Greenberg, A Wicked War: Polk, Clay, Lincoln, and the 1846 US Invasion of Mexico (New York: Knopf, 2012) Peter Guardino, The Dead March: A History of the Mexican-American War (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2017) Anne F. Hyde, Empires, Nations, and Families: A New History of the North American West, 1800-1860 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011), 147-219, 298-407 Gary J. Kornblith, "Rethinking the Coming of the Civil War: A

Counterfactual Exercise," Journal of American History 90, no. 1 (June 2003): 76-105 Susan Lee Johnson, Roaring Camp: The Social World of the California Gold Rush (New York: W.W Norton, 2001) John C. Pinheiro, Missionaries of Republicanism: A Religious History of the Mexican-American War (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014) Omar S. Valerio-Jiménez, River of Hope: Forging Identity and Nation in the Rio Grande Borderlands (Durham: Duke University Press, 2012) Native Americans after the Removal Act Lauren Brand, ‘“Great Conceptions of their own power”: Native and US Diplomacy in the Old Southwest’, Western Historical Quarterly 47 (Autumn 2016), 261-281 Pekka Hämäläinen, The Comanche Empire (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008), 292-320 Frederick E. Hoxie, This Indian Country: American Indian Activists and the Place They Made (New York: Penguin, 2012), 99-141 Brendan C. Lindsay, Murder State: California’s Native American Genocide, 1846-1873 (Lincoln: University of

Nebraska Press, 2012) Benjamin Madley, An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian Catastrophe, 18461873 (New Haven: Yale University, 2016) William E. Unrau, The Rise and Fall of Indian Country, 1825-1855 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2007) * Robert M. Utley, The Indian Frontier of the American West, 1846-1890 (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1984), 1-63 Southern nationalism and expansionism Robert E. Bonner, Mastering America: Southern Slaveholders and the Crisis of American Nationhood (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 11-213 * William Dusinberre, Slavemaster President: The Double Career of James Polk (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003) Susan-Mary Grant, North Over South: Northern Nationalism and American Identity in the Antebellum Era (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2000) 48 Source: http://doksi.net Matthew Pratt Guterl, American Mediterranean: Southern Slaveholders in the Age of Emancipation (Cambridge, Mass.:

Harvard University Press, 2008), 1-46 * Walter Johnson, River of Dark Dreams: Slavery and Empire in the Cotton Kingdom (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2013), 303-365 Robert E. May, The Southern Dream of a Caribbean Empire, 1854-1861, second edition (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2002) * Paul Quigley, Shifting Grounds: Nationalism and the American South, 1848-1865 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), 3-86 Adam Rothman, ‘The “Slave Power” in the United States, 1783-1865,’ in Steve Fraser and Gary Gerstle, eds., Ruling America: A History of Wealth and Power in a Democracy (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2005), 64-91 Edward B. Rugemer, The Problem of Emancipation: The Caribbean Roots of the American Civil War (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2008), 180-221 Matthew Karp, This Vast Southern Empire: Slaveholders at the Helm of American Foreign Policy (Harvard, 2017) The filibusters Linda S. Hudson, Mistress of Manifest Destiny:

A Biography of Jane McManus Storm Cazneau, 18071878 (Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 2001) * Johnson, River of Dark Dreams, 366-394 Robert E. May, Slavery, Race, and Conquest in the Tropics: Lincoln, Douglass and the future of Latin America (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013) The trans-Mississippi West Nicole Etcheson, Bleeding Kansas: Contested Liberty in the Civil War Era (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2004) Hyde, Empires, Nations, and Families, 409-514 John D. Unruh, The Plains Across: Emigrants, Wagon Trains and the American West (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1979) Elliott West, The Contested Plains: Indians, Goldseekers, & the Rush to Colorado (Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas, 1998) The Republican party and the eclipse of the Second Party System Christopher Childers, ‘Interpreting Popular Sovereignty: A Historiographical Essay,’ Civil War History 57, no. 1 (2011): 47-70 * Rodney O. Davis and Douglas L Wilson, eds, The

Lincoln-Douglas Debates (Champaign, Ill: Knox College Lincoln Studies Center, 2008) Eric Foner, Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1970) -------------, The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery (New York: Norton, 2010) 33131 * Don E. Fehrenbacher, The Slaveholding Republic: An Account of the United States Government’s Relations to Slavery (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), 266-94 49 Source: http://doksi.net William S. Freehling, The Road to Disunion, Volume 2: Secessionists Triumphant, 1854- 1861 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007) * William E. Gienapp, The Origins of the Republican Party, 1852-1856 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987) Michael F. Holt, The Fate of their Country: Politicians, Slavery Extension, and the Coming of the Civil War (New York: Hill and Wang, 2004) Michael A. Morrison, Slavery and the American West: Eclipse of Manifest Destiny and the

Coming of the Civil War (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999) Adam I.P Smith, The Stormy Present: Conservativism and the Problem of Slavery in Northern Politics, 1846-1865 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2017) Sean Wilentz, The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln (New York: Norton, 2005), 602767 The meanings of ‘manifest destiny’ Nicholas Guyatt, Providence and the Invention of the United States, 1607-1876 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 214-258 Thomas R. Hietala, Manifest Design: Anxious Aggrandizement in Late Jacksonian America (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985) Amy S. Greenberg, Manifest Manhood and the Antebellum American Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005) Anders Stephanson, Manifest Destiny: American Expansion and the Empire of Right (New York: Hill and Wang, 1993), 28-65 Free blacks and the sectional crisis James D. Bilotta, Race and the Rise of the Republican Party, 1848-1865 (New York:

Peter Lang, 1992) William Cheek and Aimee Lee Cheek, John Mercer Langston and the Fight for Black Freedom (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1989), 48-382 Steven Hahn, The Political Worlds of Slavery and Freedom (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2009), 1-53 Stephen Kantrowitz, More Than Freedom: Fighting for Black Citizenship in a White Republic, 1829-1889 (New York: Penguin, 2012), 175-262 The secession winter of 1860-61 * Richard F. Bensel, Yankee Leviathan: The Origins of Central State Authority in America, 1855-1877 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 18-93 Foner, Fiery Trial, 132-165 William W. Freehling and Craig M Simpson, eds, Secession Debated: Georgia’s Showdown in 1860 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992) Russell McClintock, Lincoln and the Decision for War: The Northern Response to Secession (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008) Quigley, Shifting Grounds, 87-170 50 Source: http://doksi.net 23. THE CIVIL WAR The American

Civil War was astonishingly bloody and disruptive. At least 650,000 Americans were killed; huge armies spent nearly four years in the field; the northern economy and the power of the federal government increased enormously; the political, social and economic systems of the South were devastated. Around four million African Americans eventually secured their freedom, and the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 achieved what generations of politicians and reformers had failed to secure: the abolition of slavery in the United States. The readings below explore the war from many angles, with a view to capturing its transformative (though deeply uneven) effects. The Confederate nation in theory and practice Michael T. Bernath, Confederate Minds: The Struggle for Intellectual Independence in the Civil War South (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010) Robert E. Bonner, Mastering America: Southern Slaveholders and the Crisis of American Nationhood (Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press, 2009), 215-328 Drew Gilpin Faust, The Creation of Confederate Nationalism: Ideology and Identity in the Civil War South (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1988) -----------------------, Mothers of Invention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996) Stephanie McCurry, Confederate Reckoning: Power and Politics in the Civil War South (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2010) Anne Sarah Rubin, A Shattered Nation: The Rise and Fall of the Confederacy, 1861-68 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005) * Yael Sternhell, Routes of War: The World of Movement in the Confederate South (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2012) Politics and government in the North Gene C. Altschuler and Stuart M Blumin, Rude Republic: Americans and their Politics in the Nineteenth Century (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000), 152-183 Tyler Anbinder, ‘Which Poor Man’s Fight?

Immigrants and the Federal Conscription of 1863,’ Civil War History 52, no. 4 (2006): 344-72 * Richard F. Bensel, Yankee Leviathan: The Origins of Central State Authority in America, 1855-1877 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 94-237 Richard J. Carwardine, Lincoln (New York: Knopf, 2006 [2003]) Max M. Edling, A Hercules in the Cradle: War, Money, and the American State, 1787-1867 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014), 178-221 Matthew J. Gallman, The North Fights the Civil War: The Home Front (Chicago: Dee, 1994) Mark E. Neely, Jr, The Boundaries of American Political Culture in the Civil War Era (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005) * Adam I.P Smith, No Party Now: Politics in the Civil War North (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006) 51 Source: http://doksi.net Emancipation and black agency Patricia C. Click, Time Full of Trial: The Roanoke Island Freedmen’s Colony, 1862-1867 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001) Paul

D. Escott, “What Shall We Do with the Negro?” Lincoln, White Racism, and Civil War America (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2009) Eric Foner, The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery (New York: Norton, 2010), 132336 George M. Fredrickson, Big Enough to Be Inconsistent: Abraham Lincoln Confronts Slavery and Race (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2008) Steven Hahn, The Political Worlds of Slavery and Freedom (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2009), 55-114 * ----------------, A Nation Under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South from Slavery to the Great Migration (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003), 62-159 Stephen Kantrowitz, More Than Freedom: Fighting for Black Citizenship in a White Republic, 1829-1889 (New York: Penguin, 2012), 263-320 Kate Masur, An Example for All the Land: Emancipation and the Struggle Over Equality in Washington, D.C (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010) James

M. McPherson, “Who Freed the Slaves?,” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 139, no. 1 (1995): 1-10 James T. Oakes, Freedom National: The Destruction of Slavery in the United States, 1861-1865 (New York: Norton, 2013) V. Jacque Voegeli, Free But Not Equal: The Midwest and the Negro During the Civil War (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967) * Michael Vorenberg, Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001) Religion Drew Gilpin Faust, This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War (New York: Knopf, 2008) Nicholas Guyatt, Providence and the Invention of the United States, 1607-1876 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 259-326 Randall M. Miller et al, Religion and the American Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998) War and military occupation Steven V. Ash, When the Yankees Came: Conflict and Chaos in the Occupied South, 1861-1865 (Chapel Hill:

University of North Carolina Press, 1995) * William A. Blair, With Malice Toward Some: Treason and Loyalty in the Civil War Era (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014), 128-233 Gregory P. Downs, After Appomattox: Military Occupation and the Ends of War (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,, 2015) 52 Source: http://doksi.net * Jim Downs, Sick From Freedom: African-American Illness and Suffering During the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), 3-64 J. David Hacker, “A Census-Based Count of the Civil War Dead,” Civil War History 57, no 4, 306-347. * McPherson, Battle-Cry of Freedom, 308-852 John David Smith, ed., Black Soldiers in Blue: African American Troops in the Civil War Era (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002) The Civil War in wider perspective Adam Arenson, The Great Heart of the Republic: St. Louis and the Cultural Civil War (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2011) Adam Arenson and Andrew R. Graybill, eds,

Civil War Wests: Testing the Limits of the United States (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2015) Thomas Bender, A Nation among Nations, America’s Place in World History (New York: Hill & Wang, 2006), chap. 3 Sven Beckert, Empire of Cotton: A New History of Global Capitalism (New York: Knopf, 2014), 242273 Don H. Doyle, The Cause of All Nations: An International History of the American Civil War (New York: Basic Books, 2015) Laurence M. Hauptman, Between Two Fires: American Indians in the Civil War (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995) Vitor Izecksohn, Slavery and War in the Americas: Race, Citizenship, and State Building in the United States and Brazil, 1861-1870 (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2014) 53