Politics | Higher education » Undergraduate Affiliate Program in Political Studies, Gender and Politics

Source: http://www.doksinet UCL DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC POLICY Undergraduate Affiliate Program in Political Studies 2008/09 POLS6008 Gender and Politics Teaching: 10 hours of lectures, 10 hours of seminars Credits: 0.5 Course Units/ 4 US Credits/ 75 ECTS Credits Lecture Times: TBC Seminar Times: TBC Assessment: Two 2,000 word essays (40/60%) Essay Deadlines: Essay One: Monday 23 February 2009 at 2pm Essay Two: Monday 23 March 2009 at 2pm Lecturer: TBC Office Hours: TBC Course Outline: Gender and Politics This course provides an overview of some key topics in politics and gender. The first part of the course includes some introductory theory, looks at the impact of gender on citizenship and voting behaviour, and considers whether the gender of our political representatives matters, how we might ensure that political institutions are gender balanced and what the normative arguments about the use of positive action measures are. The second part

of the course has a more international flavour, considering women’s rights and human rights, the importance of gender in international development, and the role of gender in armed conflict. We will also look at gender ‘policy machinery’, such as specialist government departments and quangos concerned with women and equality, at both the national and international level. Throughout the course we will seek to focus on ‘gender’ rather than on ‘women’, though in most cases women are the underrepresented sex. We will therefore often discuss women’s equality, though we will also touch on the role of masculinity and men’s movements. By the end of the course the students will: • be familiar with some of the basic theories and policy questions around politics and gender; • be able to critically assess the arguments for and against greater gender equality in different political institutions, and the mechanisms for achieving this; • have a sound understanding of the role

of gender in civil society and political participation; • understand some of the key issues regarding gender in international relations, particularly with respect to development and to conflict; • have been exposed to the arguments of key commentators on each of the above points; 1 Source: http://www.doksinet • have studied in depth at least two questions in politics and gender, and be able to communicate these through essays and/or presentations. Course Structure Week 1 History of feminism, feminist political thought and masculinism (extended lecture) Week 2 Gendering politics Week 3 Gender and political behaviour Week 4 Women’s representation in elected office: does it matter? Week 5 Quotas, positive discrimination and positive action Week 6 Gender policy machinery and ‘mainstreaming’ Week 7 Gendered states and the gendered international Week 8 Gender and armed conflict Week 9 Gender and human rights Week 10 Gender and development Lectures and

presentations Each week there will be an introductory lecture and general discussion on a different subject, as listed below, in the first hour. The other hour will be given over to student presentations and discussion arising from the presentations and the recommended reading. Seminars will discuss the previous week’s topic. A suggested list of presentation topics will be circulated as a handout in the first week of class. Students will be asked to sign up for one or two topic they would like to present. Depending on numbers in the class everyone will be expected to give either one or two presentations. The standard time for a presentation is 10 minutes or, where there are two presenters in a class, 15 minutes between two. Note that you will be kept to time! Presentations on a topic will be held on the week after the lecture. So, for example, in week 2 we will have a lecture on gendering politics, and the presentations and discussion in the seminar will be on the introductory topics

from week 1. How to use this reading list The list below includes some general indications of appropriate books and journals, and then a detailed list for each week. You are not expected to read everything on the list, but you should do some reading each week, and come prepared to discuss what you have read with others in the class. You should aim to spend around five hours reading for the class each week, which should be enough to read at least three chapters and articles. On top of this you will need to read for your presentation/s and essays. Each week there are ‘recommended‘ readings listed. To prepare for the class you should generally start here, and read at least 2-3 items. Many of these are available electronically, but as not everybody will access all the readings we will co-ordinate this in class. You may be asked to summarise what you have read for others. You are therefore advised to take notes on your reading before the class which will then also be useful later for

your essays. The ‘additional’ reading will allow you to explore a topic further, particularly if you are preparing a presentation or essay. When preparing your presentation or essay you are also encouraged to seek out further reading beyond that included on the list, for example to include case studies of a 2 Source: http://www.doksinet particular political system with which you are familiar. Some recommendations for further sources are listed in ‘general reading’, below. You will also want to follow up references in the other books, articles or reports that you have read. Most of the reading is available in UCL library, although there are only limited copies of books. Most of the journals from which articles are recommended are available online. The online teaching collection also contains chapters from some of the key books, but licences permit us to digitise only one chapter from each book, and most additional readings have not been digitised. You should therefore visit

the library regularly as well as reading items online. Many items are also held in Senate House library, SSEES, SOAS and at LSE library. Assessed essays The course is assessed on the basis of two essays, each contributing 50% to the overall course mark. The essay length is 2,000 words (including footnotes but excluding bibliography) Essays should be based on the questions included at the top of the reading list for each week’s class (and may be on a topic on which you have given a presentation to the class). Exceptionally other questions may be used, but students must agree any change of title with the tutor in advance. Essay 1 should be based on a question from week 1-5 and is due by Monday 23 February at 2pm. Essay 2 should be based on a question from week 6-10 and is due by Monday 23 March at 2pm. Note that the tutor is happy to look at essay outlines in advance, but these must be submitted at least two weeks before the essay deadline. You will find useful guidance for writing

and presenting essays on the SPP student website http://www.surreyacuk/Skills/pack/essayhtml These guidelines are designed to help you, and you should read them carefully and do your best to follow them. You will be penalised, for example, for inappropriate or inadequate referencing, insufficient evidence of reading, unclear language or a poorly structured essay. Plagiarism is also taken extremely seriously and can disqualify you from the degree (for details of what constitutes plagiarism see http://www.uclacuk/current-students/study/plagiarism/) If in doubt about any of this, ask the tutor. Provisional Core Reading List There is no single text that adequately covers all of the issues on the course. Much of the reading will be from journals, and chapters in specialist books. There are however a few general books with chapters on the recommended list for several weeks of the course, as listed below. You may want to purchase one or two of these. In practice, however, you may find it

best to read (and if necessary photocopy) key chapters from books in the library. • • • • • • • • Blakeley, G. and Bryson, V (eds) (2007) The Impact of Feminism on Political Concepts and Debates. Manchester: Manchester University Press Judith Squires (2007) The New Politics of Gender Equality Basingstoke: Palgrave Joni Lovenduski (2005) Feminising Politics Cambridge: Polity + (3 holdings) Louise Chappell and Lisa Hill (eds.) (2006) The Politics of Women’s Interests London: Routledge. – Phillips, A. (ed) (1998) Feminism and Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) + (1) Randall, V. and Waylen, G (eds) (1998) Gender, Politics and the State (New York: Routledge) + (2) Stevens, A. (2007) Women Power and Politics (Basingstoke: Palgrave) + (1) Stokes, W. (2005) Women in Contemporary Politics (Cambridge: Polity) + (2) 3 Source: http://www.doksinet Some specialist journals likely to be used on the course include: • European Journal of Women’s Studies (-) •

Feminist Review (+: 1979 onwards) • Feminist Studies (+: 1972 onwards) • Feminist Theory (+: 2000 onwards) • Gender and Development (+ 1995 onwards) • Gender and Society (+: 1987 onwards) • International Feminist Journal of Politics (+: 1999 onwards) • Journal of Gender Studies (+: 1999 onwards) • Men and Masculinities (+: 1999 onwards) • Politics and Gender (-) There are also several Special Issues of Parliamentary Affairs on gender issues that may be of interest. Some of the most recent are: • Parliamentary Affairs 49 (1). 1996 • Parliamentary Affairs 55 (1). 2002 • Parliamentary Affairs 61 (3). 2008 Week 1: History of Feminism, Feminist Political Thought and Masculinism Recommended Reading • Beasley, C. (1999) What is Feminism: An Introduction to Feminist Theory London: Sage +(1) • Bryson, V. (1999) Feminist Debates: Issues of Theory and Political Practice London: Macmillan. + (1) • Bryson, V. (2003) Feminist Political Thought: An Introduction London:

Macmillan + (1) • Connell, R. W (2005) ‘Change among the Gatekeepers: Men, Masculinities, and Gender Equality in the Global Arena.’ Journal of Women in Culture and Society 30:3 http://www.journalsuchicagoedu/doi/pdf/101086/427525 • Durst-Lahti, G. (2008) Politics, Gender and Concepts: Theory and Methodology Chapter 8 ‘Gender ideology: masculinism and feminalism’, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (KW) • Durst-Lahti, G. (2008) Politics, Gender and Concepts: Theory and Methodology Chapter 10 ‘Women’s movements, feminism, and feminist movements’, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (KW) • Gross, E. (1992) ‘What is Feminist Theory?’ in Crowley, H and Himmelweit, S, Knowing Women: Feminism and Knowledge. Cambridge: Polity Press +(2) • Squires, J. (1999) Gender in Political Theory Cambridge: Polity + (2) • Weldon, S. L Politics, Gender and Concepts: Theory and Methodology Chapter 9 ‘Intersectionality’, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Presentation topics (for week 2 seminar): • What does ‘the personal is political’ mean and what relevance does it have in the 21st century? (Essay title) • Select a debate from ‘Does Feminism Discriminate against Men?’ present a summary of the argument and your opinion on the subject. • Evaluate the contributions of the feminist research approach to political science. (Essay title) Additional Reading • Bourque, S. and Grossholtz, J (1974) ‘Politics an Unnatural Practice: Political Science Looks at Women’s Participation’, Politics and Society 4 (2): 225-266. Or in Phillips, A (ed.) (1998) Feminism and Politics Oxford: OUP +, +(2) • Brod, H. (1987) The making of masculinities: the new mens studies Boston: Allen & Unwin. - 4 Source: http://www.doksinet • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Butler, J. and Scott, J (eds) Feminists Theorize the Political New York: Routledge +(2) Carver, T. (1998) ‘A Political Theory of Gender: perspectives

on the “universal subject” ‘ in Randall, V. and Waylen, G (eds) Gender, Politics and the State New York: Routledge. +(2) Charli Carpenter, R. (2002) ‘Gender Theory in World Politics: Contributions of a NonFeminist Standpoint’, International Studies Review 4 (3): 153-66 + Evans, J. et al (1986) Feminism and Political Theory London: Sage +(1) Evans, J. (1995) Feminist Theory Today London: Sage +(1) Farrell, W. with Svobada, S (2008) Does Feminism Discriminate Against Men? A Debate. Oxford: Oxford University Press Frazer, E. (1998) ‘Feminism and Political Theory’ in Jackson, S and Jones, J (eds), Contemporary Feminist Theories. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press +(1) Krook, M.L and Squires, J ‘Gender Quotas in British Politics: Multiple Approaches and Methods in Feminist Research’. (2006) British Politics Issue 1 + Martin, P.M (2004) ‘Contextualising Feminist Political Theory’ in Staeheli, LA et al (eds.) Mapping Women, Making Politics London: Routledge +(1) Nagy

Hesse-Biber, S. (2007) Handbook of feminist research: theory and praxis Thousand Oaks, Calif.:Sage Publications Nagy Hesse-Biber, S (2007) Feminist Research Practice: A Primer Thousand Oaks, Calif.:Sage Publications Randall, Vicky (2002) Theories and Methods in Political Science (2nd ed) Marsh, D and Stoker, G. (eds) ‘Feminism’, Basingstoke, Palgrave-MacMillan (KW) Shanley, M.L and Pateman, C (eds) (1991) Feminist Interpretations and Political Theory. Cambridge: Polity Press +(1) Zerilli, L. (1991) ‘Machiavelli’s Sisters: Women and the “Conversation” of Political Theory’, Political Theory 19 (2): 252-276. + Week 2: Gendering politics Recommended Reading • Annesley, C., Gains, F and Rummery, K (eds) (2007) Women and New Labour London: Policy Press. Chapter 2 ‘Engendering Politics? Theoretical Underpinnings: Women, Gender, Feminising and Politics.’ +(1) • Fukuyama, F. (1998) ‘Women and the Evolution of World Politics’, Foreign Affairs 77 (5): 24-39. + •

Lovenduski, J. (2005) ‘Introduction’ in Lovenduski, J Feminizing Politics Cambridge: Polity Press. +(3) • Paxton, P. and Hughes, M (2007) ‘Introduction to Women in Politics’ in Paxton, P and Hughes, M. Women, Politics and Power London: Pine Forge Press +(1) • Stokes, W. (2005) ‘Feminist Theory and Women’s Political Activism’ in Stokes, W Women in Contemporary Politics. Cambridge: Polity + (2) • Sapiro, V. (1998) ‘Feminist Studies and Political Science- and Vice-Versa’ in Phillips, A (ed.) Feminism and Politics, pp 55-76 + • Waylen, G. (1998) ‘Gender, Feminism and the State: an Overview’ in Randall, V and Waylen, G. (eds) Gender, Politics and the State New York: Routledge +(2) Presentation topics (for week 3 seminar): • Read ‘Mapping Gender and Politics Concepts: Ten Guidelines’ (Goertz, G. and Mazur, A (2008) Politics, Gender, and Concepts: Theory and Methodology. Select two of their guidelines, present them and why you selected them. Additional

reading • Carver, T. (1996) Gender is Not a Synonym for Women Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Press. • Connell, RW and Messerschmidt, JW (2005) ‘Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept’, Gender and Society 19: 829-859. + 5 Source: http://www.doksinet • • • Firestone, S. (1970) The Dialectic of Sex New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux Hearn, J (2004) ‘From Hegemonic Masculinity to the Hegemony of Men’, Feminist Theory 5 (1): 49-72. + Moi, T. (1999) ‘What is A Woman: Sex, Gender and the Body in Feminist Theory’, in What is a Woman? And Other Essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press + (3 holdings) Week 3: Gender and political behaviour Recommended Reading • Beckwith, K. (2000) ‘Beyond Compare? Women’s Movements in Comparative Perspective’, European Journal of Political Research 37 (4) 431-468. + • Campbell, R. (2006) Gender and the Vote in Britain: Beyond the Gender Gap? Chapter 1 ‘Why Gender and Voting Behaviour? Feminist Theory and Other

Accounts’ and Chapter 3 ‘Gender Ideology and Issue Preference’, Colchester: ECPR Press (KW) • Campbell, R and Childs S. (2008) Women and British Party Politics: Descriptive, Substantive and Symbolic Representation. Chapter 1 ‘Women’s Political Participation and Voting’, London: Routledge. + • Norris, P. and Inglehart, R (2000) ‘The Developmental Theory of the Gender Gap: Women and Men’s Voting Behaviour in Global Perspective’. International Political Science Review 21 (4): 441-462. + • Stevens, A. (2007) Women Power and Politics Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Chapters: 2 ‘Women as Citizens’, 3 ‘Women as Voters’ and 7 ‘Feminism Participation and Activism’. +(1) Presentation topics (for week 4 seminar): • Summarise and evaluate the findings of Winters, K. and Campbell, R (2007) ‘Hearts or Minds? Leader Evaluations by Men and Women in the General Election’ in Political Communications: The General Election Campaign of 2005. Wring et al (eds) + •

Briefly summarise the ‘gender gap’ in the 2008 American presidential election. Evaluate whether the term ‘gender gap’ adequately describes men and women’s voting preferences. (Essay title) Additional reading: General/Citizenship • Dietz, M. (1998) ‘Context is All: Feminism and Theories of Citizenship’ in Phillips, A (ed) Feminism and Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press + (1) • Mouffe, C. (1992) ‘Feminism, Citizenship and Radical Democratic Politics’ in Butler, J and Scott, J. (eds) Feminist Theorize the Political London: Routledge +(2) • Nash, K. (1998) ‘Beyond Liberalism? Feminist Theories of Democracy’ in Randall, V and Waylen, G. (eds) Gender, Politics and the State London: Routledge +(2) • Pateman, C. (1989) ‘Feminism and Democracy’ in The Disorder of Women Cambridge: Polity Press. + (1) • Prokhovnik, R. (1998) ‘Public and Private Citizenship : from Gender Invisibility to Feminist Inclusiveness’, Feminist Review 60 (1): 84-104. + •

Young, I.M (1998) ‘Polity and Group Difference: A Critique of the Ideal of Universal Citizenship’ in Phillips, A. (ed) Feminism and Politics Oxford: OUP +(1) Additional reading: Women’s Movements • Fairhurst, J., Ramudsintela, M and Bob, U (2004) ‘Social Movements, Gender and Resistance’ in Staeheli, L.A et al (eds) Mapping Women, Making Politics London: Routledge. +(1) • Molyneux, M. (1998) ‘Analysing Women’s Movements’, Development and Change 29 (2): 219-245. + • Paxton, P., Hughes, M, and Green, J, (2006) ‘The International Women’s Movement and Women’s Political Representation, 1893-2003.’ American Sociological Review (71):898-920. + 6 Source: http://www.doksinet • • • Rowbotham, S. (1992) Women in Movement: Feminism and Social Action Especially part IV. London: Routledge +(2) Scholzman, K.L, Burns, N and Verba, S (1994) ‘Gender and The Pathways to Participation: The Role of Resources’, The Journal of Politics 56(4): 963-990. Sparks, H

(1997) ‘Dissident Citizenship: Democratic Theory, Political Courage, and Activist Women’, Hypatia 12 (4): 74-110. + Additional reading: Voting • Campbell, R. and Lovenduski, J (2005) ‘Winning Women’s Votes?’ Parliamentary Affairs, 58 (4): 837-853. + • Campbell, R. (2004) ‘Gender, Ideology and Issue Preference’, British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 6 (1): 20-44. + • Conover, P.J, (1988) ‘Feminists and the Gender Gap’, Journal of Politics 50: 985-1010 + • Dolan, K. (1998) ‘Voting for Women in the “Year of the Woman”‘, American Journal of Political Science 42 (1): 272-93. + • Fraser, E. and MacDonald, K (2003) ‘Sex Differences in Political Knowledge in Britain’, Political Studies 51 (1): 67-83 + • Inglehart, R., Norris, P and Welzel, C (2002), ‘Gender Equality and Democracy’, Comparative Sociology 1 (3-4): 321-346. Available at http://ksghome.harvardedu/~pnorris/Acrobat/Gender%20equality%20&%20democrac y.pdf + •

Hill, L. (2006) ‘Women’s Interests and Political Orientations: the gender voting gap in three industrialised settings’ in Hill, L. and Chappell, L (eds) The Politics of Women’s Interests. London: Routledge • Sapiro, V and Conover, PJ (1997) ‘The Variable Gender Basis of Electoral Politics: Gender and Politics in the 1992 US Election’, British Journal of Political Science 27: 497523. + • Shapiro, R.Y and Mahajan, H (1986) ‘Gender Differences in Policy Preferences: A Summary of Trends from the 1960s to the 1980s’, Public Opinion Quarterly 50: 42-61. + • Stokes, W. (2005) ‘Voting and Elections: Background Information’ and ‘Getting and Using The Vote’ in Stokes, W. Women in Contemporary Politics Cambridge: Polity Press. +(2) • Verba, S., Burns, N, and Schlozman, K L (1997) ‘Knowing and Caring About Politics: Gender and Political Engagement’, Journal of Politics 59: 1051-72. + • Welch, S. (1997) ‘Women as Political Animals? A Test of Some Explanations

for MaleFemale Political Participation Differences’, American Journal of Political Science 4: 71130 + • Wirls, D. (1986) ‘Reinterpreting the Gender Gap’, Public Opinion Quarterly 50: 181-99 + Week 4: Women’s representation in elected office: does it matter Note that readings for weeks 4 and 5 marked ‘‘ should be available electronically, and those marked ‘‘ should be in the teaching collection boxes in SPP. Recommended reading • Childs S. (2008) Women and British Party Politics: Descriptive, Substantive and Symbolic Representation. Chapter 4 ‘Representation: Why Women’s Presence Matters’, London: Routledge. + • Mansbridge, J. (1999)  ‘Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent ‘Yes’’, The Journal of Politics, 61(3): 628-657. • Dovi, S. (2002)  ‘Preferable Descriptive Representatives: Will Just Any Woman, Black or Latino Do?’, American Political Science Review, 96(4): 729-743. • Phillips, A, (1995). The

Politics of Presence: The Political Representation of Gender, Ethnicity and Race, Oxford: Clarendon Press. Particularly chapter 2 (‘Political Equality and Fair Representation’) . 7 Source: http://www.doksinet • Pitkin, H. (1967) The Concept of Representation, Berkeley: University of California Press. Chapter 4 (Descriptive Representation) Also Chapter 5 (Symbolic Representation) and Chapter 6 (‘Representing as “Acting For”‘). Presentation topics (for week 5 seminar): • Summarise and evaluate Mansbridge’s ‘Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent ‘Yes’’. Do you agree or not, and why? • Is women’s descriptive representation a necessary precursor to their substantive representation? (Essay title) • Summarise and evaluate Kenworthy, L. and Malami, M’s ‘Gender Inequality in Political Representation: A Worldwide Comparative Analysis’. • Critical mass is a key concept for those promoting gender quotas. Evaluate

the debates around critical mass and critical actors. Which do you find more convincing and why? (Essay title) Additional reading • 2008 Special Issue of Representation: The Substantive Representation of Women 44 (2) + • Critical Perspective on Gender and Politics: Do Women Represent Women? Rethinking the “Critical Mass” Debate. Gender and Politics 2:4 pp 492 – 530 (KW) • Bochel, C. and Briggs, J (2000) ‘Do Women Make a Difference’, Politics 20 (2): 63-68 + • Childs, S. (2004)  ‘A Feminised Style of Politics? Women MPs in the House of Commons’, British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 6(1): 3-19 • Dahlerup, D. (1988) ‘From a Small to a Large Minority: Women in Scandinavian Politics’, Scandinavian Political Studies, 11(4): 275-298. • Fox, R. and Lawless, JL (2004) ‘Entering the Arena? Gender and the Decision to run for Office’, American Journal of Political Science 48(2): 264-280. + • Kenworthy, L. and Malami, M (1999)  ‘Gender

Inequality in Political Representation: A Worldwide Comparative Analysis’, Social Forces, 78(1): 235-69. • Laurel Weldon, S. (2002)  ‘Beyond Bodies: Institutional Sources of Representation for Women in Democratic Policymaking’, The Journal of Politics, 64(4): 1153-74. • Lovenduski, J. (2005) ‘Feminism and Political Representation: Ideas and Struggles’ , ‘Obstacles to Feminizing Politics’ and ‘Making a Difference? Conclusions’ in Lovenduski, J. Feminizing Politics Cambridge: Polity Press + (3) • Matland, R. E (1995)  ‘How the election system structure has helped women close the representation gap’, in L. Karvonen and P Selle , Women in Nordic Politics: Closing the Gap.Aldershot: Ashgate • Matland, R. E (1998)  ‘Women’s Representation in National Legislatures: Developed and Developing Countries’, Legislative Studies Quarterly, 23(1): 109-125. • Matland, R. E and Montgomery, K A (eds) (2003)  Women’s access to political power in

post-communist Europe, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Useful general chapters and case studies including Lithuania, Hungary, Ukraine, Poland and others. • Norris, P. (2004) Electoral Engineering: Voting Rules and Political Behaviour, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (chapter 8 ‘Women’). • Phillips, A. (1993) Democracy and Difference (Cambridge: Polity Press) + (2) • Phillips, A. (ed) (1998) Feminism and Politics Oxford; Oxford University Press Chapter 7 by Virginia Sapiro (‘When are Interests Interesting? The Problem of Political Representation of Women’) and chapter 10 by Anne Phillips (‘Democracy and Representation: Or, Why Should it Matter Who our Representatives Are?’). • Sawer, M. Tremblay, M and Trimble, L (eds) (2006) Representing Women in Parliament: A Comparative Study, London: Routledge. +(1) • Schwindt-Bayer, L. A (2006)  ‘Still Supermadres? Gender and the Policy Priorities of Latin American Legislators’, American Journal of Political

Science, 50(3): 570-85. • Spary, C. (2007) ‘Female Political Leadership in India’, Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 45(3): 253-277. + • Stevens, A. (2007) Women Power and Politics Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Chapters: 4 ‘The Representation of Women’, 6 ‘Women and Positions of Power’ and 8 ‘Do Women Make A Difference? Political Theory and Political Practice’. +1 8 Source: http://www.doksinet • Stockemer, D. (2008) ‘Women’s Representation: A Comparison between Europe and the Americas’, Politics 28 (2): 65-73. + • Swers, M. L (1998)  ‘Are Women More Likely to Vote for Women’s Issue Bills than Their Male Counterparts?’, Legislative Studies Quarterly, 23(3): 435-48. • Thomas, S. and Welch, S (2006) ‘The Impact of Gender on Activities and Priorities of State Legislators’, The Western Political Quarterly, 44(2): 445-56. • Tremblay, M. (2007)  ‘Electoral Systems and Substantive Representation of Women: A Comparison of Australia,

Canada and New Zealand’, Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 45(3): 278 – 302. • Tremblay, M. L (2007)  ‘Democracy, Representation, and Women: A Comparative Analysis’, Democratization, 14(4): 533 – 553. • Wängnerud, L. (2000)  ‘Testing the Politics of Presence: Women’s Representation in the Swedish Riksdag’, Scandinavian Political Studies 23 (1), 67-91. Websites • The Inter-Parliamentary Union www.ipuorg comprises all legislatures in democracies The website includes a links page for individual parliamentary sites, as well as the ‘Parline’ database which includes basic details about all existent parliamentary chambers, a list of publications and other useful links. Week 5: Quotas, positive discrimination and positive action Recommended reading • Celis, K. (2008) Chapter 4 ‘Gendering Representation’ in Politics, Gender and Concepts: Theory and Methodology G. Goertz and A Mazur (eds) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (KW) • Caul

Kittilson, M. (2006) ‘In Support of Gender Quotas’, Politics and Gender, 1 (4): 638645 • Dahlerup, D. (ed) (2006) Women, Quotas and Politics, London: Routledge, 2006 Introduction by Dahlerup and chapter 2 (‘Arguing for and Against Quotas: Theoretical Issues’) by Bacchi, particularly country case studies. • Lovenduski, J. (2005) ‘Equality Strategies and the Quota Movement’ and ‘Examples: Quotas and Parties’, in Lovenduski, J. Feminizing Politics Cambridge: Polity Press +(3) Presentation topics (for week 6 seminar): • Summarise and evaluate Macaulay’s ‘Cross-party alliances around gender agendas: critical mass, critical actors, critical structures, or critical juncture.’ Apply her evaluations to a non-Latin American case. • Are quotas an effective way to increase women’s representation? (Essay title) • Summarise and evaluate Lovenduski’s ‘Equality Strategies and the Quota Movement’. Additional reading • Bacchi, C. (1996) The Politics of

Affirmative Action London: Sage • Caul, M (1999)  ‘Political Parties and the Adoption of Candidate Gender Quotas: A Cross-National Analysis’, The Journal of Politics 63(4) 1214-29. • Caul, M. (1999)  ‘Women’s Representation in Parliament: The Role of Political Parties’, Party Politics 5(1): 79-98. • Dahlerup, D. and Freidenvall, L (2005) ‘Quotas as a “Fast Track” to equal political Representation for Women: why Scandinavia is no longer the Model’, International Feminist Journal of Politics 7 (1): 26-48. + • Ishiyama, J.T (2003) ‘Women’s Parties in Post-Communist Politics’, East European Politics and Societies 17(2): 266-304. + • Krook, M. L (2007)  ‘Candidate gender quotas: A framework for analysis’, European Journal of Political Research, 46(3): 367–394. • Macaulay F. (2005) Cross-party alliances around gender agendas: critical mass, critical actors, critical structures, or critical juncture. United Nations Expert Group Meeting on 9

Source: http://www.doksinet • • • • • • • • Equal participation of women and men in decision-making processes, with particular emphasis on political participation and leadership. http://wwwunorg/womenwatch/daw/egm/eql-men/docs/EP12 Macaulaypdf MacKinnon, C. (1998) ‘Difference and Dominance: On Sex Discrimination’ in Phillips, A (ed.) Feminism and Politics Oxford: OUP +(1) Murray, R. (2007)  ‘How Parties Evaluate Compulsory Quotas: A Study of the Implementation of the ‘Parity’ Law in France’, Parliamentary Affairs, 60(4): 568-584. Rai, S. M (2002)  ‘Political representation, democratic institutions and women’s empowerment: the quota debate in India’, in J. L Parpart, S M Rai and K Staudt, (eds.), Rethinking Empowerment: Gender and Development in a Global/Local World, London: Routledge. Russell, M., Mackay, F and McAllister, L (2002)  ‘Women’s Representation in the Scottish Parliament and National Assembly for Wales: Party Dynamics for

Achieving Critical Mass’, Journal of Legislative Studies, 8(2) pp. 49-76 Squires, J. (1996) ‘Quotas for Women: Fair Representation?’, Parliamentary Affairs, 49 (1): 71-88. + Stevens, A. (2007) Women Power and Politics Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Chapter 5 ‘Strategies for Increasing Representation by Women’. +1 Stokes, W. (2005) ‘Quotas for Women in Parties And Parliaments’ and ‘Women’s Parties’ in Stokes, W. Women in Contemporary Politics Cambridge: Polity Press +(2) Tripp, A. M, and Kang, A (2008) ‘The Global Impact of Quotas: The Fast Track to Female Representation’, Comparative Political Studies 41(3): 338-361. + Week 6: Gender policy machinery and ‘mainstreaming’ Recommended reading • Butler, J. (2007) ‘Engendering Governance: Mainstreaming’ in The New Politics of Gender Equality. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan (KW) • Chappell, L. (2002) ‘The Femocrat Strategy: Expanding the Repertoire of Feminism Activists’ in Parliamentary Affairs 55

(1): 85-98. + • International Feminist Journal of Politics, Vol 7 (4), 2005, Comparative Gender Mainstreaming, Special Issue. + • Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, Vol. 12 (3), 2005: Gender Mainstreaming Special Issue, especially article by Squires + • Walby, S. (2005) ‘Gender Mainstreaming: Productive Tensions in Theory and Practice’, Social Politics 12 (3) Fall: 321-343. + Presentation topics (for week 7 seminar): • Gender mainstreaming is a way to make visible the gendered nature of assumptions, processes and outcomes in policies. Compare and evaluate the different ways in which the concept of ‘gender equality’ can be used in the mainstreaming process. (Essay title) • How does gender mainstreaming provide additional insights when used in conjunction with other forms of inequality such as class or ethnicity? Additional reading • Annesley, C., Gains, F and Rummery, K (eds) (2007) Women and New Labour London: Policy Press. Chapter

5 ‘Engendering the Machinery of Government’ +1 • Beveridge, F., Nott, S and Stephen, K (2000) ‘Mainstreaming and Engendering of Policy-Making: a Means to an End?’, Journal of European Public Policy 7 (3): 385-405. + • Booth, C. and Bennett, C (2002) ‘Gender Mainstreaming in the European Union’, The European Journal Of Women’s Studies 9(4): 430-446. • Chaney, P (2004) ‘The Post-Devolution Equality Agenda: The Case of Welsh Assembly’s Statutory Duty to Promote Equality of Opportunity’, Policy and Politics 32 (1): 37-52. + • Gardiner, F. (ed) (1997) Sex Equality Policy in Western Europe London: Routledge – 10 Source: http://www.doksinet • • • • • • • • • Hafner-Burton, E. and Pollack, M (2000) ‘Mainstreaming Gender in the European Union’, Journal of European Public Policy 7(3): 432-456. + Mazey, S. (2001) Gender Mainstreaming in the EU: Principle and Practice London: Kogan Page. – Rees, T. (1998) Mainstreaming Equality in the

European Union: Education, Training and Labour Market Policies (London: Routledge) Rees, T. (2002) ‘ The Politics of “Mainstreaming” Gender Equality’ in Breitenbach, E (ed.) The Changing Politics of Gender Equality (Basingstoke: Palgrave) Squires, J and Wickham-Jones, M (2002) ‘Mainstreaming in Westminster and Whitehall: From Labour’s Ministry of Women to the Women and Equality Unit’ in Parliamentary Affairs 55 (1): 57-70. + Squires, J. (2007) ‘Equality Strategies: Quotas, Policy Agencies and Mainstreaming’, ‘Making a Difference? Evaluating Impact’, ‘Feminist Advocacy? Policy Agencies’ and ‘Engendering Governance? Mainstreaming’ in Squires, J. The New Politics of Gender Equality. Basingstoke: Palgrave Stetson, D and Mazur, A (1995) Comparative State Feminism (Oxford: OUP) – Stratigaki, M. (2005) ‘Gender Mainstreaming versus Positive Action: an ongoing Conflict in EU Gender Equality Policy’, The European Journal of Women’s Studies 12 (2): 165186.

– Teghtsoonian, K. (2006) ‘Disparate fates in challenging times: women’s policy agencies and neoliberalism in Aotearoa/New Zealand and British Columbia’ in Hill, L. and Chappell, L. (eds) The Politics of Women’s Interests London: Routledge - Week 7: Gendered states and the gendered international Recommended reading • Enloe, C. (2000) Bananas, Beaches and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics. University of California Press + (1st ed:1; 2nd ed: 1) • Steans, J. (2006) Gender and International Relations: Issues, Debates and Future Directions. Oxford: Polity Press + (1) • Sylvester, C. (1996) ‘The Contributions of Feminism to International Relations’, in: Steve Smith, Ken Booth and Marysia Zalewski (eds.), International Theory: Positivism and Beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp 254-78 + (4) • Youngs, G. (2004) Feminist International Relations: a contradiction in terms? Or: why women and gender are essential to understanding the world

‘we’ live in.’ International Affairs 80 (1): 75-87. (KW) Presentation topics (for week 8 seminar): • Read and summarise the article ‘Feminist International Relations: a contradiction in terms? Or: why women and gender are essential to understanding the world ‘we’ live in’. • Evaluate the view of Steve Smith: ‘The most productive focus [in IR] is on gender, not women or feminism.’ (Essay title) Additional reading • Carver, T., Cochran, M and Squires, J (1998) ‘Gendering Jones: Feminisms, IRs and Masculinities’, Review of International Studies 24 (3): 283-297. + • Charles, N. (2000) Feminism, The State and Social Policy Chapter 1 Basingstoke: Macmillan. • Charlesworth, H and Chinkin, C(2000) The Boundaries of International Law: A Feminist Analysis. Manchester: Manchester University Press + (6) • Jabri, V. and O’Gorman, E (1999) Women, Culture and International Relations London: Lynne Riener • Jones, A. (1996) ‘Does Gender Make the World Go Round?

Feminist Critiques of International Relations’, Review of International Studies 22 (4): 405-429. • Jones, A (1998) ‘Engendering Debate: a Response to Carver, Cochran and Squires’ , Review of International Studies 24 (3): 299-303. + 11 Source: http://www.doksinet • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Kantola, J. (2006) Feminists Theorize the State New York: Palgrave, especially ‘Gender and the State: Theories and Debates’. + Keohane, R. (1989) ‘International Relations Theory: Contributions of a Feminist Standpoint’, Millennium 18(2): 245-254. + Paxton, P. and Hughes, M (2007) Women, Politics and Power: A Global Perspective London: Pine Forge Press. +(1) Peterson, V.S (1992) Gendered States: Feminist (Re) Visions of International Relations Theory. Lynne Reiner + (2) Peterson, V.S and Runyan, AS (1999) ‘The Politics of Resistance: Women as Nonstate, Antistate, and Transstate Actors’, ‘The Gender of World Politics, ‘Gender

as a Lens on World Issues’ in Peterson, V. and Runyan, A Global Gender Issues Boulder, CO: Westview Press. + (1st ed:1; 2nd ed: 1) Pettman, J.J (2004) ‘Global Politics and Transnational Feminisms’ in Ricciutelli, L et al (eds.) Feminist Politics, Activism and Vision London: Zed Books – Raghuran, P. (2004) ‘Crossing Borders: Gender and Migration’ in Staeheli, LA et al (eds.) Mapping Women, Making Politics London: Routledge +(1) Smith, M.L (2006) ‘Internationa Citizenship and Women’s Interests’ in Hill, L and Chappell, L. (eds) The Politics of Women’s Interests London: Routledge Squires, J and Weldes, J (2007) ‘Beyond Being Marginal: Gender and International Relations in Britain’, British Journal of Politics and International Relations 9 (2): 185-203. + Stokes, W. (2005) ‘Women and the United Nations’ in Stokes, W Women in Contemporary Politics. Cambridge: Polity Press +(2) Sylvester, C. (2002) Feminist International Relations: An Unfinished Journey Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press. + Sylvester, C. (2004) ‘Woe or Whoa! International Relations Where It’s Not Supposed to BE’, in: Brown Journal of World Affairs, 10(2). + Tickner, J.A (2001) Gendering World Politics: Issues and Approaches in the Post-Cold War Era. New York: Columbia University Press + (2) Tickner, J.A (1997) ‘You Just Don’t Understand: Troubled Engagements between Feminists and IR Theorists’ in: International Studies Quarterly, 41(4), pp. 611-32 + Weber, C. (1994) ‘Good Girls, Little Girls and Bad Girls: Male Paranoia in Robert Keohane’s Critique of Feminist International Relations’, Millennium 23 (2): 337-349. + Whitworth, S. (1994) Feminism and International Relations London: Macmillan Youngs, G (2006) ‘Feminist International Relations in the Age of the War on Terror: Ideologies, Religions and Conflict’, in: International Feminist Journal of Politics, 8(1). + Zalewski, M. (2007) ‘Do We Understand Each Other Yet? Troubling Feminist Encounters

With(in) International Relations’, in: British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 9(2). + Zalewski, M. and Parpart, J (eds) (1998) The ‘Man’ Question in International Relations Boulder, CO: Westview Press. - Week 8: Gender and armed conflict Recommended reading • Cockburn, C. (2001) ‘The Gendered Dynamics of Armed Conflict and Political Violence’ in Moser, C. and Clark, F (eds) (2001) Victims, Perpetrators, or Actors? Gender, Armed Conflict and Cultural Violence. London: Zed Books +2 • Conover, P.J and Sapiro, V, (1993) ‘Gender, Feminist Consciousness and War’, American Journal of Political Science 37: 1079-99. + • Hansen, L. (2001) ‘Gender, Nation, Rape: Bosnia and the Construction of Security’, International Feminist Journal of Politics, 3(1): 55-75. + • Jones, A. (2000) ‘Gendercide and Genocide’, Journal of Genocide Research 2 (2): 185211+ 12 Source: http://www.doksinet • Moser, C. (2001) ‘The Gendered Continuum of Violence and

Conflict: An Operational Framework’ in Moser, C. and Clark, F (eds) (2001) Victims, Perpetrators, or Actors? Gender, Armed Conflict and Cultural Violence. London: Zed Books +2 Presentation topics (for week 9 seminar): • Review three sex-stereotypes of women which underpin the analysis of armed conflict. How has the application of a gendered perspective altered the study of armed conflict? (Essay title) • Research the Gender Affairs Unit established by the UN Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) and present your findings. Additional reading • Carpenter, R.C (2003) “Women and Children First”: Gender, Norms and Humanitarian Evacuation in the Balkans, 1991-1995’, International Organization 57 (4): 661-694. + • Cunningham, K.J (2003) ‘Cross-Regional Trends in Female Terrorism’, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 26 (3): 171-195. + • Dudink, S., Hagerman, K and Tosh, J (eds) (2004) Masculinities in Politics and War: Gendering Modern History. Manchester:

Manchester University Press + • Enloe, C. (2000) Manuevers: The International Politics of Militarising Women’s Lives Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. – • Enloe, C. (2004) ‘”All Men are in the Militias, All the Women are Victims”: The Politics of Masculinity and Femininity in Nationalist Wars’ in Enloe, C., The Curious Feminist Berkeley: University of California Press. +(2) • Enloe, C. 1993: ‘Beyond Steve Canyon and Rambo: histories of Militarised Masculinity’, in: The Morning After: Sexual Politics at the End of Cold War. Berkeley: University of California Press. + (1) • Goldstein, J. (2001) War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press+ • Hamilton, C. (2007) ‘The Gender Politics of Political Violence: Women Armed Activists in ETA’, in: Feminist Review, 86(1): 132-148. + • Hatty, S.E (2000) Masculinities, Violence and Culture London: Sage Publications+ Jacobs, S., Jacobson, R and

Marchbank, J (eds) (2001) States of Conflict: International Perspectives on Gender, Violence and Resistance. New York: Zed Books – • Kaufman-Osborn, T. (2005) ‘Gender Trouble at Abu Ghraib?’, Politics and Gender 1(4): 597-619. • Kimmel, M (2000) ‘The Gender of Violence’ in The Gendered Society Oxford: Oxford University Press.+ • Masters, M. (2005) ‘Bodies of Technology: Cyborg Soldiers and Militarised Masculinities’, in: International Feminist Journal of Politics, 7(1). + • Sjoberg, L. (2007) ‘Agency, Militarised Femininity and Enemy Others: Observations from the War in Iraq’, International Feminist Journal of Politics, 9(1): 82-101 + • Skjelsbaek, I. (2001) ‘Is Femininity Inherently Peaceful? The Construction of Femininity in War’ in Skjelsbaek, I. and Smith, D (eds) Gender, Peace and Conflict Thousand Oaks: Sage. Pp 47-67 • Skjelsbaek, I (2001) ‘Sexual Violence and War: Mapping out a Complex Relationship’, in: European Journal of International

Relations, 7(2): 211-237. + • Steans (2006) Ch. 4 ‘Feminist Perspectives on War and Peace’ and Ch 5 ‘Re-Visioning Security’ in Steans, J. (2006) Gender and International RelationsCambridge: Polity Press.+ • Van Creveld, M. (2000) ‘The Great Illusion: Women in the Military’, Millennium 29 (2): 429-42.+ • Vickers, J. (1993) Women and War London: Zed Books - Week 9: Gender and Human Rights Recommended reading 13 Source: http://www.doksinet • • • • • Engle Merry, S. (2007) ‘Human Rights Law as a Path to International Justice: the Case of the Women’s Convention’ in Dembour, M.B and Kelly, T (2007) Paths to International Justice: Social and Legal Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press +(1) Grewal, I. (1999) ‘Women’s Rights as Human Rights: Feminist Practices, Global Feminism, and Human Rights Regimes in Transnationality’, Citizenship Studies 3 (3): 337-54. + Lloyd, M. (2007) ‘(Women’s) human rights: paradoxes and possibilities’

Review of International Studies 33, 91–103 + Mullally, S. (2006) Gender, Culture and Human Rights: Reclaiming Univeralism Oxford: Hart. +(3) Peterson, V.S and Parisi, L (1998) ‘Are Women Human? It’s Not an Academic Question’ in T. Evans (ed) Human Rights Fifty Years On: A Reappraisal Manchester: Manchester University Press. + Presentation topics (for week 9 seminar): • Lloyd’s article focuses on paradoxes and potentials of human rights discourse for women and feminism. Review her article and evaluate her claims • Feminism has challenged and reconceptualised the limited notions of ‘human rights’. Discuss this process with reference to two examples. (Essay title) Additional reading • Afkhami, M. (1995) Faith and Freedom: Women’s Human Rights in the Muslim World I.B Tauris• Banda, F (2005) Women, Law and Human Rights: An African Perspective Oxford: Hart + (1). • Bustelo, M. (2000) ‘CEDAW at the Crossroads’ in Alston, P and Crawford, J (eds) The Future of UN

Human Rights Treaty Monitoring. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press + (2). • Charlesworth, H. and Chinkin, C (2000) The Boundaries of International Law: A Feminist Analysis. Manchester: Manchester University Press + • Cook, R.J (ed) (1994) Human Rights of Women: National and International Perspectives. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press + • Coomaraswamy, R. (1999) ‘Reinventing International Law: Women’s Rights as Human Rights’ in P. Van Ness (ed) Debating Human Rights: Critical Essays from the United States and Asia. New York: Routledge+ • Engle Merry, S. (2005) Human Rights and Gender Violence: Translating International Law into Local Justice. London: University of Chicago Press +(1) • Hardwig, J. (1990) ‘Should Women Think in Terms of Rights?’ in C Sunstein (ed) Feminist Political Theory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press• James, S (1994) ‘Challenging Patriachal Privilege Through the Development of International Human Rights’, Women’s

Studies International Forum 17 (6): 563-78.+ • Kelly, L. (2005) ‘ Inside Outsiders: Mainstreaming Violence against Women into Human Rights discourse and practice’ , International Feminist Journal of Politics 7(4): 471-495. + • Maiguashca, B. (2005) ‘Theorizing Knowledge from Women’s Political Practices: The Case of the Women’s Reproductive Rights Movement’, International Feminist Journal of Politics 7 (2): 207-32. + • Molyneux, M. and Razavi, S (eds) (2002) Gender Justice, Development and Rights Oxford: OUP. +(1) • Nash, K. (2002) ‘Human Rights of Women: An Argument for Deconstructive Equality’, Economy and Society 31 (3): 414-33. + • Nussbaum, M. (1999) ‘Religion and Women’s Human Rights’ in Sex and Social Justice Oxford: Oxford University Press. + • Okin, S.M (1998) ‘Feminism, Women’s Human Rights and Cultural Differences’ Hypatia 13, (2): 32-52. + • Peters, J. and Wolper, A (1995) Women’s Rights, Human Rights: International Feminist

Perspectives. New York: Routledge + 14 Source: http://www.doksinet • • • • • • Ramsay, M. (1997) ‘Women’s and Children’s Rights’ in Ramsay What’s Wrong with Liberalism? A Radical Critique of Liberal Political Philosophy. London: ContinuumReanda, L (1999) ‘Engendering the United Nations: The Changing International Agenda’, European Journal of Women’s Studies 6(1): 49-70. Schwartzman, L (1999) ‘Liberal Rights Theory and Social Inequality: A Feminist Critique’, Hypatia 14 (2): 26-47. + Smart, C. (1989) ‘The Problem of Rights’ in Feminism and the Power of Law London: Routledge. + Steans (2006) Ch. 8 ‘Women’s Human Rights’ in Steans, J Gender and International Relations. Cambridge: Polity Press + Winter, B., Thompson, D and Jeffreys, S (2002) ‘The UN Approach to Harmful Traditional Practices’, International Feminist Journal of Politics 4 (1): 72-94. + Websites • United Nation High Commission on Human Rights, Women Watch (Website).

wwwunorg/womenwatch/ • CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women). Full text available at: http://www.unorg/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/text/econventionhtm • CEDAW Annotated Bibliography: http://www.iwrporg/pdf/bibliopdf Week 10: Gender and development Recommended reading • Annesley, C., Gains, F and Rummery, K (eds) (2007) Women and New Labour London: Policy Press. Chapter 11 ‘The Gender Dimension of New Labour’s International Development Policy’. +1 • Craig, J. (2007) ‘Development’ in Blakeley, G and Bryson, V (eds) The Impact of Feminism on Political Concepts and Debates. Manchester: Manchester University Press • Momsen, J. (2004) Gender and Development London: Routledge+ • Staudt, K. (2008) Politics, Gender and Concepts: Theory and Methodology Chapter 7 ‘Gendering Development’, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. • White, S.C (1997) ‘Men, Masculinities and the Politics of Development’, Gender and Development 5

(2): 14-22. + Additional reading • Baden, S. and Goetz, A (1997) ‘Who Needs Sex when you can have Gender? Conflicting Discourses on Gender at Beijing’ Feminist Review 56: 3-25. + • Bhavnani, K., Foran, J and Kurian, P (2003) ‘An Introduction to Women, Culture and Development’. In Bhavnani, Floran and Kurian (eds) (2003) Feminist Futures: ReImagining Women, Culture And Development London: Zed Books + • Calla, P. and Laurie, N (2004) ‘Development, Postcolonialism and Feminist Political Geography’ in Staeheli, L.A et al (eds) Mapping Women, Making Politics London: Routledge +(1) • Cornwell, A. (1997) ‘Men, Masculinities and “Gender” in Development’, Gender and Development 5 (2): 8-13. + • Hodgson, D. McCurdy, D and Heryl, A (eds) (2001) Wicked Women and the Reconfiguration of Gender in Africa. Oxford: James Currey – • Jacobs, S. (2003) ‘Land Reform: Still a Goal Worth Pursuing for Rural Women?’ Journal of International Development 14: 887-898. + •

Jackson, C. and Pearson, R (1998) Feminist Visions of Development: Gender, Analysis and Policy. Chapters by Kandiyoti and Molyneux London: Routledge + • Jackson, C. (2003) ‘Gender analysis of Land: Beyond Land Rights for Women’, Journal of Agrarian Change 3(4): 453-480. + • Jahan, R. (1995) The Elusive Agenda: Mainstreaming Women in Development London: Zed Books. +(2) 15 Source: http://www.doksinet • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Kabeer, N. (1994) Reversed Realities: Gender Hierarchies in Development Thought London: Verso. + Kevane, M. (2004) Women and Development in Africa: How Gender Works Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner. + Koczberski, G. (1998) ‘Women in Development: A Critical Analysis’, Third World Quarterly 19 (3): 395-409. + Lang, J. (2003) ‘Evolving the Gender Agenda: Men, Gender and Development Organisations’ United Nations Report available at http://www.unorg/womenwatch/daw/egm/men-boys2003/EP10-Langpdf + McIllwaine, C. and

Datta, K (2003) ‘From Feminising to Engendering Development’, Gender, Place and Culture 10(4): 369-382. + Moser, C. (1993) Gender Planning and Development: Theory, Practice and Training London: Routledge. + Nussbaum, M. (2000) Women and Human Development Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. +(2) Porter, M. and Judd, E (2002) Feminists Doing Development London: Zed Books + (1) Rai, S. (2002) Gender and the Political Economy of Development Cambridge: Polity Press. Rowan-Campbell, D (ed) (1999) Development with Women Oxford: Oxfam+ Waylen, G. (1994) ‘Women and Democratization: Conceptualizing Gender Relations in Transition Politics’, World Politics 46 (3): 327-354. + Sen, G. and Grown, C (eds) (1988) Development Crises and Alternative Visions: Third World Women’s Perspectives. New York: Monthly Review Press + Staudt, K. (1995) ‘The Impact of Development Policies on Women’ in Hay, M and Stichter, S. (eds) African Women South of the Sahara Harlow: Longman + United Nations

(1995) ‘The Revolution for Gender Equality’, Human Development Report. Available at http://hdrundporg/en/media/hdr 1995 overview1pdf Visvanathan, N. et al (eds) (1996) The Women, Gender and Development Reader London: Zed Books. + Yoon, M. Y (2001) ‘Democratization and Women’s Legislative Representation in SubSaharan Africa’, Democratization 8(2): 169-190 + Young, K. (1993) Planning Development with Women: Making a World of Difference London: Macmillan. + Websites: - http://www.bridgeidsacuk/ BRIDGE, Institute of Development Studies - http://www.gdrcorg/gender/link-resourceshtml Women and Development Resources on the Internet - http://www.worldbankorg/gender/ World Bank’s ‘Gender and Development’ Portal - http://www.undporg UN Development Programme+ - http://www.unifemorg/ UN Development Fund for Women+ - http://home.developmentgatewayorg/ ‘Development Gateway’ World Bank+ - http://www.dfidgovuk UK Department for International Development+ -

http://web.uctacza/org/agi/ African Gender Institute, University of Cape Town+ - http://www.sardcnet/widsaa/ Women in Development Southern Africa Awareness+ Summary of essay titles weeks 1 – 5 • • • What does ‘the personal is political’ mean and what relevance does it have in the 21st century? Evaluate the contributions of the feminist research approach to political science. Briefly summarise the ‘gender gap’ in the 2008 American presidential election. Evaluate whether the term ‘gender gap’ adequately describes men and women’s voting preferences. 16 Source: http://www.doksinet • • • Is women’s descriptive representation a necessary precursor to their substantive representation? Critical mass is a key concept for those promoting gender quotas. Evaluate the debates around critical mass and critical actors. Which do you find more convincing and why? Are quotas an effective way to increase women’s representation? Summary of essay titles weeks 6 –

10 • • • • • Gender mainstreaming is a way to make visible the gendered nature of assumptions, processes and outcomes in policies. Compare and evaluate the different ways in which the concept of ‘gender equality’ can be used in the mainstreaming process. Evaluate the view of Steve Smith: ‘The most productive focus [in IR] is on gender, not women or feminism.’ Review three sex-stereotypes of women which underpin the analysis of armed conflict. How has the application of a gendered perspective altered the study of armed conflict? Feminism has challenged and re-conceptualised the limited notions of ‘human rights’. Discuss this process with reference to two examples. In what ways has the application of the concept of gender altered development programmes? Answer in reference to one case study. 17