Gazdasági Ismeretek | Menedzsment » Alejandra Balda - Ford Motor Company, History and the Models that Caused Impact in the Society and in the Automotive Market of the United States

UNIDAD EDUCATIVA PARTICULAR JAVIER BACHILLERATO EN CIENCIAS MONOGRAPH “Ford Motor Company. History and the models that caused impact in the society and in the automotive market of the united states ” Student: Alejandra Balda Advidor: Lcda. Claudia Lossa 3rd BGU - Section A 2017 – 2018 ACKNOWLEDGMENT I want to say thanks first to God who gave me the opportunity to live and study in a wonderful school. Also say thanks to him for gave me the family that I have, specially my parents whose always support me in everything and gave me life, education and helped me to become a responsible, intelligent and full of virtues person. My classmates whom I have learned a lot these twelve years weve been together, whose have helped me become a better person and to beat every day. My teachers whose have taught me a lot and helped me to be an educated person. And finally to all those whose have trusted in my abilities I can’t thank you all you have done for me I can only demonstrate all

that I can do will all my capacities that I get of you. 2 ABSTRACT This monographic work will basically talk about Ford Motor Company, starting with its beginnings and history to the best known Ford models that made an impact. Henry Ford was born in 1863 since his beginnings was fascinated by engines and automobiles, his vision was always to create something unique through different prototypes until the founding day Ford Motor Company where he had total freedom to decide and the freedom to create. By creating the Ford T revolutionized the world because in the same day entered raw material and came out a new car ready for sale. From its beginnings Ford what it did was to innovate so we arrived at the F series and the famous Mustang two completely different cars that marked history the F series helping the farm families of the United States and the mustangs taking to the important businessmen who liked a good car with a powerful engine. He was also the one who popularized serial

production with the creation of the Ford Model T. This company evolved with the country from distributing equipment to the government to being a heritage of the United States. Ford has been changing over the decades from a smaller engine with the same horsepower in the new F150 to three different types of the same car that his more advanced choice is considered a road demon capable of competing with fast cars of higher categories. Thanks Henry Ford United States had its own market worldwide because their vehicles are distributed around the world under the same quality standards that Henry Ford preached. 3 INDEX ACKNOWLEDGEMET.ii ABSTRACT.iii INDEX. iv INTRODUCTION 6 CHAPTER I.7 Ford Motor Company.7 1.1 1.11 1.2 1.21 Henry Ford . 7 Biography.7 Foundation of Ford8 History and beginnings of Ford. 8 CHAPTER II .11 Ford’s best models.11 2.1 Ford Model T.11 2.11 History. 11 2.12 Characteristics. 13 2.2 Ford Mustang .14 2.21 History. 14 2.22 First generation. 17 2.23

Sixth generation. 20 2.3 2.31 Ford F-15021 History. 21 4 2.32 First generation. 22 2.33 Seventh generation. 24 CHAPTER III .25 Impact and sales.25 3.1 Impact on the automotive industry and sociaty. 25 3.11 Market. 25 3.12 Competitors. 26 3.13 Impact on society. 28 3.2 Sales. 28 3.21 Ford Mustang sales in the United States (2015). 28 3.22 Ford F-Series sales in the United States (2016). 29 CONCLUSIONS.30 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES.31 ANNEXED.32 5 INTRODUCTION This monograph its about Ford Motor Company, its sales and the models that helped revolutionize the automotive world, knowing the importance of this car company in the market and in history, began talking about its founder Henry Ford, who was one of the most influential characters in the world of cars, as well as creating one of the best companies in the world was the one that gave life to serial manufacturing used to create cars faster. The story goes on and stops at Fords most iconic car and one of

the most recognized worldwide Ford Mustang, which had its beginnings in 1965, we will talk about its beginnings and characteristics and we will go forward to its 50th edition and the 6th generation of this which were launched in 2015. Ford is also known for its work trucks and the one that reached incredible numbers to become the number 1 worldwide, the Ford F150, which released two editions in 2017 the classic and simple and the Ford Raptor which has features that no other in the automotive market such as sports suspension and all-terrain traction perfect for field work and to walk quietly on rocky roads. Ford Motor Company with this and many models has come to be at the top of the worlds top companies since its inception has been terrorizing many of its competitors by following in their fathers footsteps by innovating more and more. Thats why we will also discuss your impact on the world with your technology and your sales numbers worldwide. 6 CHAPTER I Ford Motor Company 1.1

Henry Ford 1.11 Biography Henry Ford was an American captain of industry, born on 30 July 1863 on a farm in Greenfield Township, Michigan, US. He was the founder of Ford Motor Company and father of modern production lines used for mass production. He comes from a poor family and his parents were William Ford and Mary Litogot. They were of English descent, but had lived in Ireland in Cork County He had several brothers: Margaret, Jane, William and Robert and in 1888 he married Clara Bryant and they had a son, Edsel Bryant Ford. His love for engines began in the summer of 1873 when Henry first saw a stationary steam engine that could be used for agricultural activities. The operator, Fred Reden, had mounted it on wheels to which he had connected by means of a chain. Henry was fascinated by the machine and Reden the following year taught Henry how to drive the engine. Ford later said that this experience was what "taught him that he was instinctively an engineer. His mother died in

1876 and this affected him very much. Her father hoped Henry would finally take over the family farm, but Henry hated that job. In 1891, after Henry Ford, having completed his apprenticeship as a trainee engineer in Detroit in 1879 and having worked in several companies, earned the position of engineer at Edison Company, and after his promotion to chief engineer in 7 1893 he began to have enough time and money to devote to his own experiments with gasoline engines. These experiments culminated in 1896 with the invention of his own self-propelled quad vehicle, which successfully tested for the first time on June 4 of that year. After several tests, Ford began to develop ideas to improve it Henry is credited with Fordism, a system that spread between the late 1930s and early 1970s and was created through the manufacture of a large number of lowcost cars through chain production. This system involved the use of specialised machinery and a large number of highly paid workers. 1.2

Foundation of Ford 1.21 History and beginnings of Ford Ford Motor Company is an American automaker and the worlds fifth largest automaker based on worldwide vehicle sales, was founded on June 16,1903, with $28,000 from eleven investors, including Henry Ford, who was then 40 years old. In his early years, Ford produced a few cars per day at his factory on Mack Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. Henry was vice president, designer, chief mechanic, superintendent and commercial manager. With time, he managed to buy enough shares to surpass 51 percent and take control of the company we know today. 8 Fords fate is changing. On July 3,1903, he sold the first car of the newly formed company to a doctor E. Pfenning for 850 dollars From this moment on, sales are skyrocketing and Henry Ford is already on the way to making "the car for the crowds". In 1904 model "A" was replaced by "C" while the first four cylinders called "B" was launched, a luxurious

vehicle built to satisfy the wishes of a group of shareholders opposed to Fords theories who favoured low-priced cars. In 1905 the range was completed with the "F" model interspersed between the other two, until in 1906 insisting with the luxury models was introduced the "K, the first six cylinders able to travel a mile in a minute. Unfortunately, the production costs of this model exceeded its very high selling price. In the same year, the "N" model was launched, which meant a return to economic models, abandoning definitively the two-cylinder model, as a result of Fords acquisition of the shares of several of its partners, which led it to hold 58.5% and thereby gain access to the companys presidency. Derived from the "N", in 1907 the "R" was presented and the following year the "S", both predecessors of what would be the most important event in Fords history, the model "T" was presented In 1908, Ford launched the Ford T

model, the first unit of which was manufactured at Piquettes manufacturing plant. The company had to move its production facilities to the larger Highland Park plant shortly afterwards in order to meet the demand for the new T-model. 9 The "T" model affectionately nicknamed "Tin Lizzie" was designed by J. Galamb and G. H Wills under the direction of Henry Ford The engine was a 2880 cm four-cylinder engine with side valves and carburettor with adjustable mixture from the command post. The ignition was by low voltage magnet and four separate coils with steering wheel control. The power was 20 HP at 1800 rpm and the top speed was 70 km/h. The rigid axle suspension with transverse elastic springs without shock absorbers and the improvements, both mechanical and functional, that were added over the years to the original model, were numerous. By 1913, the company had developed all the basic techniques of mass production line. Ford created the worlds first mobile

production line that year, which reduced chassis assembly time from 12.5 hours to 100 minutes The idea of production line or assembly line born with Taylorism and the idea of putting it into practice was Ransom Olds, who inaugurated his assembly line in 1901 by building his prototype called Curved Dash, However, the assembly line system became popular a few years later, thanks to Henry Ford, who, taking Olds idea, developed an assembly line with a superior production capacity and whose flagship product was the Ford T. However, this evolution achieved to the assembly line would cause the public to mistakenly attribute his invention to Ford, rather than Olds. The Ford family has maintained control of the company for nearly 100 years. Ford was one of the companies that managed to survive the crisis or Great Depression of the 1930s. 10 CHAPTER II Ford’s best models 2.1 Ford Model T 2.11 History The Ford T was designed by J. Galamb and G H Wills under the direction of Henry Ford,

began its production on August 12,1908, left the factory on September 27,1908 and saw the public light on October 1,1908, this car was Henrys dream, which he himself called as the "Universal Car", was also called "Tin Lizzie" by society (because it resembled a reptile "Tin Lizzie"). The 2.9-liter engine only yielded 20 horsepower maximum, but the torque it provided was high, which gave it good elasticity when it came to moving. Several versions were planned for its launch: convertible, with hood, and from two to seven seats, but still without doors. Initially, four colours were proposed (black, red, green and grey) and their initial price was only 639 euros. In the first year more than 10,000 units were sold, a record for the automotive industry and from 1914, it was only produced in black and prices ranged from $800 to $1,000. The daily production of this T-model quickly grew to 1,000 units and would soon quadruple. The outbreak of the First World War

caused these high figures to fall sharply, but they went back up even more strongly to break a record in 1923, more than 1,800,000 units, accounting for a third of world production at that time. 11 Their versatility was enormous. With large dowel wheels, the Ford T was able to carry out agricultural work and the metal wheels allowed it to run on railroad tracks. In total, some 15 million units were produced. This model was used in Mexico as a vehicle for police officers. The T-model was the industrys first global car In 1921, almost 57% of the worlds automobile production was produced by Ford T, which manufactured it in several countries and was sold on all five continents through authorised branches, in different versions and alternatives for use. Although Ford achieved international status in 1904 with the founding of Ford Canada, it was in 1911 when the company began to expand rapidly overseas, with the opening of assembly plants in England, Argentina (1912) and France,

followed by Denmark (1923), Germany (1925), Austria (1925), and also in South Africa (1924) and Australia (1925) as Fords Canadian subsidiaries due to preferential rates from the Commonwealth countries. At the end of 1913 Ford Motor Co. decides to set up in Buenos Aires the first Latin American branch office and the second in the world after England. In 1917 and after more than 3500 vehicles had been sold, the importation of disassembled cars began to be assembled in Buenos Aires. In 1925, the first Ford plant in Latin America was inaugurated in Argentina, and the manufacture of the Ford model T was started. In 1927, the 100,000th Ford "T" was produced. At the end of that year, Ford "A" was introduced (Successor of the "T" model, whose production ends in the United States after producing 15 007 033 units, exceeded by the Volkswagen Sedan on 17 February 1972.) 12 2.12 Characteristics The Ford T had a four-cylinder engine with only 20 Cv and a maximum

speed of 71 km/h, with a contained weight of 540 kg for its time; it consumed one litre of petrol every 5 km. Thanks to the revolution of the previous models, especially the N and its R and S derivatives, Ford became the first American manufacturer since before 1910. Not that it was revolutionary, but it had interesting characteristics for the time. The engine had a removable cylinder head; the connecting rod was made of vanadium steel, more resistant. The lighting was operated with a magnetic steering wheel; the direction was on the left, an initiative that would create a school. The planetary gearbox had only two speeds and was shifted with the foot, specifically with the clutch pedal; in the middle of the travel was the "neutral point", stepping on the ground was the first and, loosening a little, the second. The T model included other novelties that other vehicles of the competition did not offer, such as the steering wheel located on the left side, which was very useful

for the entry and exit of the occupants. It also incorporated great technical advances such as the engine block, crankcase and crankshaft assembly into a single unit, using a lightweight and sturdy vanadium steel alloy. Its transmission by thrust tube and rigid axle suspension with transverse crossbow made its robustness and adaptability to any environment a legend, maintaining Ford some of its characteristics until after the Second World War. 13 This model was characterized by being very spartan, characteristic of Henry Fords vehicles and its production policy: the assembly line, thanks to which it was able to lower its initial price of US$850 to an irresistible price of US$360 that turned this model into the favorite of an industrial working society. 2.2 Ford Mustang 2.21 History The creation of the Mustang began with the appearance of the Ford Thunderbird, which was born to compete directly with the Chevrolet Corvette, the classic U. S supersport classic The Thunderbird caught

the eye of customers at the time, but in the early 1960s it began to lose its appeal. For this reason, Lee Iacocca, president of the Ford Motor Company together with his Ford team, began to design the Thunderbird replacement, which was to exceed the standards of this vehicle. In 1961 Lee Iacocca, vice president of Ford Motor Company founded the Fairlane Committee in 1961, which met at the same meeting point, the Fairlane Hotel, which was to begin the search for the nearly perfect car. As a starting point, the car had to be lighter compared to heavy 2-tonne vehicles used at that time, it had to be simple, affordable, and with all the comforts typical of a middle-class vehicle, therefore it had to have individual seats, smooth finishes and gear lever on the ground. Regularly, in order to attract as many people as possible, this car should have all the options available for accessories, body types, car colour, engine, manual or automatic transmission, etc. 14 In view of the enormous

number of variants of the new model, there was not enough time to create a relatively new mechanical base. Several chassis and suspension elements were recovered from the Ford Falcon, and some other parts from other more brand models. Once the design work was finished, a very important task began: the famous marketing or marketing. One form of promotion was the "secret photos" of the tested model, which greatly increased the interest in getting to know Fords new diamond. The Ford Mustang 64 1/2 was launched at the New York Worlds Fair on April 17,1964. However, Fords top leaders wanted to see their Mustang competing directly with their rivals on a professional circuit. This was done by Carroll Shelby (former runner who made race and competition prototypes known as Cobras) who already had some business contact with Ford Motor Company. This is how fastback emerged as a third type of bodywork for the Ford Mustang in 1965, and this fastback is the basic bodywork on which the

Shelby GT350 was created. The original Ford Mustang designs were a success, however, the model that has endured as a Mustang family classic is undoubtedly the Ford Mustang Shelby GT500. With Carroll Shelby at the forefront of Fords racing program, the distinctive white stripes that crossed their modified cars like the famous Ford GT40 became famous. The Mustang Shelby GT350 debuted in January 1965. And he has his first competitive success just a month later by winning his first race in Green Valley, Texas. In November 1966, Shelby launched the legendary Mustang Shelby GT500. By 15 February 1970, and following the fall in competitive car sales of the Ford-Shelby line, Ford concludes the contract with Carroll Shelby. The disappearance of the Ford logo on the front of the bonnet would distinguish (with the passing of the years) from what would be a classic from what is not. Fastback would give way to SportsRoof with some physical changes to have the necessary measures for US

competitions. In 1970, almost all available engines were replaced and Mach 1, Boss 302 and Boss 429 engines were on offer. By 1971, the car was increased in length again, leaving Mach 1 and Boss 351 as available versions. The new anti-pollutant trends of the time forced Ford to offer for the Mustang only the Mach 1 version for 1972. 1973 was the last stage of the first generation of the Ford Mustang. The final model, one with slight modifications with respect to the previous model. The era of the thoroughbred Mustang was over forever, or at least until that day The mustang is considered a muscle car, the concept "muscle car" refers to a medium-size car, with sporty and "muscular"features, qualities that make it very appealing and give it an "aggressive"look, with a very powerful engine and a relatively cheap purchase price and, of course, more accessible to the general public than other sports. Among the common "unwritten" features that muscle

cars also typically have are: North American origin, not bi-plaza, not to be too luxurious, usually coupés, rear-wheel drive and powered by V8 and sometimes V6 engines. By extension, there have also been a large number of sedans, or even ranchers with high-powered engines, popularly referred to as muscle cars such as the Dodge Charger. 16 Muscle cars have historically been produced in the US by General Motors, Chrysler or Ford since the 1960s. The most significant and popular current examples of muscle cars are the Chevrolet Camaro, Dodge Charger, Dodge Challenger, and Ford Mustang. 2.22 First generation (1964-1973) The basic equipment included the first Mustang consisted of a six-cylinder inline, 160 cubic inches engine (from the Falcon as well as the entire chassis-frame assembly), three-speed transmission, lined full wheels, padded bearing and carpet. It weighed 2572 pounds and the launch price was $2,368. That year, among Fords most optimistic plans were to sell at least

100,000 Mustang, but on the first day of the market alone there were 22,000 model orders, and in its first year, 1964, sales reached an astounding 417,000 cars. The first Mustang to come out of the commercial production chain was the Wimbledon White, a V8 convertible engine that illustrates this article, which is now, after a few adventures, on permanent display at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan, where the Ford Motor Companys corporate headquarters are located. In 1965 the Shelby GT350 was introduced with a V8 289-cid engine and 306 horsepower. Mustangs sales are over a million in March of that year. Although it was practically secret, Ford made a unique model, for a wealthy businessman, in an orange color used on some Mack trucks, hence its name "Macks orange", which was discovered today by stripping the red paint that shone in the hands of its last owner, a unique model. 17 The 1967 model is considered by many to be Mustangs best design of the time, and

perhaps of all. In this sense, the Mustang 2005 and 2006, which has been so well accepted, is based on the design parameters of the 1967 model. It has a more aggressive presence and important elements were added. That same year the Shelby GT500 powered by a large 355-horsepower V8 engine was released. Externally, the car grew both in width and length. These size changes were intended to give it the possibility of accommodating larger engines such as the 320 hp 390. The Mustang had a tough competitor: Chevrolet again, but this time with the Camaro. One year later, on April 1, the 428 Cobra Jet engine is introduced as part of a package of options aimed at enthusiasts of strong emotions on the road. The new model also features some novelties such as AM/FM radio, 302 engine capability and FORD letters, which disappeared from the front of the bonnet. The "All Needs" philosophy gives way to 11 different combinations and new models are added to the 1969 production line which

includes, among others, the Boss 302 with 290 horsepower, while the Boss 429 boosts to 375 horsepower, as well as the Mach I and the luxurious Grande model. The V-8 "Windsor" V-8 engine is also offered for the first time, producing 250 horsepower with two-tube carburetor, or 290 horsepower with four-tube carburetor. In 1970 the Shaker,"against all winds", equipped with a larger V8 engine, appeared. This year didnt bring much change to the model except for external details such as front lights (2 instead of 4) or reflective light mudguards. In the engine section 18 there were more noticeable changes, as the 390 was discontinued and the 351-2V Cleveland and 351-4V Cleveland replaced the 351 Windsor of previous years. Mach 1, Boss 302 and Boss 429 were the models available in 1970. In 1971, the last major modification of the first generation Ford Mustang was made. It grew more than 5 centimeters in length and almost 6 centimeters wide compared to the 1970 model.

The 200-inch engines as well as the 428, Boss 302, and Boss 429 are all finished. That leaves the Boss 351,429 and Ram Air 429 engines The Boss 351 was a 330-horsepower engine, while the 429 was 370. Mach 1 continued to be offered throughout this year with any of the V8 engines, a special hive-shaped grill, bumper of a special color were features offered only with the Mach 1, as well as "Mach 1" labels on the mudguards. In 1971 the Boss 351 replaced the Boss 302 and Boss 429. The Boss 351 had a bonnet with swing locks and special lines on the body of the car, as well as a racing suspension, front disc brakes and dual exhaust. The 1972 Mustang succeeded all Boss models, however, the GT 302,351,429, etc. version with a Cleveland V8, and 350 hp was the one that took its place, without ever developing the more than 300 hp that the Boss developed, but offered the same coupe style and superb performance. Later on, due to the strong government restrictions on fuel economy, Mach 1

remained as the representative of the high performance line. 1973 was the last year of the "big" Mustang 19 2.23 Sixth generation (2015-present) The new Mustang is wider (40 mm), lower (38 mm) and more aesthetically dynamic than its predecessor, the design reminiscent of the original Mustang in Fords Kinetic Design language. In this generation, unlike the previous ones, the model was not created with a more global conception, but with a focus on the U. S market Proof of this is that it would be the first Mustang to be marketed on a large scale in the European market. Thanks to its engine it can reach up to 270km/h limited Without limitation it can reach up to 320km/h. The new Mustang has several engines, the main novelty is a 4-cylinder EcoBoost 2300 cc that delivers around 309 hp and 407 Nm of torque, in the United States remains the well-known V6 and V8 Coyote, but with performance improvements. As a basic equipment, we find a Getrag six-speed manual gearbox that

transmits power to the rear wheels, among which, optionally, a self-locking differential can be included. A six-speed torque converter with cams behind the steering wheel is also available as an option. For the first time in history, Mustang has an independent multi-link suspension on the rear wheels, replacing the rigid axle used in previous generations. The front also changes, using a McPherson scheme with a double lower spherical plain bearing and two tubular tie rods that anchor those two spherical plain bearings to the chassis, instead of an L-shaped arm. As for the brakes, if we opt for the performance pack, we will have rigid front calipers with four pistons for the EcoBost and six for the V8, both signed by Brembo, and two new ones for the EcoBost. 20 The new Mustang version shows similarities with the Ford Fusion car, having more aesthetic features, with a more streamlined design showing luxuries in and out of the car, available in 3.7-liter V6 version and 50-liter V8

version with new calibrations Mustang convertible is the most carefree cousin in fastback. Although it shares the same genes, it was deliberately designed from top to bottom as a convertible. Speaking of awnings, the new Mustang convertible is stripped off in half the time of the current model. This new version of the 2015 Mustang has a completely new look that says a whole new look and a totally Mustang soul. In 2015 Ford produced the Ford Mustang Apollo Edition, a single unit auctioned for more than 200,000 euros. 2.3 Ford F-150 2.31 History The Ford F-150 is a full-size pickup truck model belonging to the Ford F-series line manufactured by Ford Motor Company that has been considered the most reliable pickup truck in the U. S The Ford F-150 is part of the sixth generation of the F-series, and the truck was first introduced to the U. S market in 1975 This Ford F-150 was an upgraded version, the most powerful version of the F-100 introduced between the F-100 and F-250 in order to

avoid certain emission control restrictions and was part of the extended cab versions of the F-series also known as the SuperCab. 21 This half-ton pickup truck became immensely popular in the U. S shortly after its debut, and by the end of 1975, nearly one-third of all F-series sales were from the F150. By 1976, F-series vans became the best-selling pickup trucks in the United States, and they remain American icons. 2.32 First generation (1980-1986) In 1980 the F-100 was redesigned with a completely new and larger body chassis; this was the first completely redesigned since 1965, this redesign gave life to the F-150, the exterior design of the van was remodeled to improve aerodynamics and fuel economy. The F-Series (F600-F900) models were also redesigned; although they share the cab of smaller vans, the larger version of the F-series now wore a hat with separate front wings (such as the L-Series). The 1980-1986 Ford F-150 would carry the interior design to the year 2000

(although the vans were redesigned again in 1987 and 1992), with very subtle changes, such as window glass, front and electronics. In a move toward fuel efficiency, Ford withdrew all M-series engines (5.8L, 6.6L, 351M and 400 CI V8) in 1981 and added the 42L, 255 CI and 58L, 351 C I Windsor V8. The 255 V8 was simply a 50L, 302 V8 with a smaller diameter, built specifically for better fuel economy, but was eliminated in 1982 because it had little power and low demand. For 1982 and 1983, the 38L, 230 C I Essex V6 was the basic engine, but was quickly abandoned for the 1984 model year. In 1983, Ford added diesel power to the F-150 through a partnership with International Harvester (later Navistar). 22 6.9L, 420 C I IDI V8 produces output power similar to the 351 Windsor V8, with fuel economy of the 4.9L L6 1985 was the first year of electronic fuel injection in the 5.0L V8, all other engines following its example in 1988 There was a new "high performance" version of the

5.8L Windsor engine in 1984 A notable change was made in the F-150 from 1982 onwards, which added the "blue oval" for the center of the grill, also the Ranger and Custom editions were no longer available. The name "Ranger" was used in the new compact pickup developed as a replacement for the Courier. The new levels of finishing were a non-base plate model (essentially the new order), XL, a very rare XLS, and XLT Lariat (the latter as a direct competitor of Chevrolet Silverado). 1983 marked the last year of the F100, making the F150 replace it as the light truck available on the market. The F100 and F150 were virtually identical, with the exception of smaller brakes and a 5x4.5 bolt pattern on the F100 axles, as opposed to 5x5.5 on the F150 The F100 axles of more than a certain total gross weight and/or without power brakes made use of the F150 axles. In addition, the F100s manufactured between 1980 and 1983 were never offered with all-wheel drive. 1986 marked the

last year that the F150 was available with a 3-speed manual gearbox, through a lever installed on the steering column. By the way, this was the second-to-last vehicle in the United States to offer this configuration. 1986 was also the last year that the Explorer package was available. This is the first generation of trucks to incorporate equipment such as electric mirrors, power windows, and electric locks. 23 2.33 Seventh generation (2015-present) Ford unveiled at the 2014 North American International Auto Show on January 13,2014, the new F-150 derives much of its exterior design from the 2013 Ford Atlas concept. In an effort to increase fuel economy, the 2015 model reduces its unladen weight by up to 750 pounds through extensive use of aluminum in the body structure and high-strength steel frame. Preserving the use of frame body construction, the frame is constructed of high strength 77% steel. To show the durability of the heavy aluminium design, Ford introduced covert

prototypes of the model in the Baja 1000, which was completed. Part of the train line is extended from 2014 F150, but a new 3.5L V6 37L V6 replaces the base engine, along with the 3.5L EcoBoost V6 and a 50L V8 Another novelty for the 2015 model is a 2.7L EcoBoost V6, slotted above the 35L V6 natural aspiration. Ford has officially launched grades of output from this 325-horsepower, 375-pound engine. 24 CHAPTER III Impact and sales 3.1 Impact on the automotive industry and society 3.11 Market The automotive market is one of the most competitive in the world and Ford has always done well in its sales despite some ups and downs. Some brands that make the market very competitive are Chevrolet, Toyota, Kia, Volkswagen and Ford, all these brands sell many cars per year and in the case of Ford sold 222,248 vehicles in the United States in September, 8.7% more than in the same period of 2016, thanks to the strong increase in sales to fleets and vans. Ford said that its sales to

individuals in September stood at 169,544 vehicles, a growth of 4.4%, while fleet sales accounted for 52,704 units, 251% more than a year ago. At the same time, truck sales increased by 19,9 % to 103,625 units Sales of SUVs accounted for 68,705 vehicles, 1.8%, while sales of SUVs accounted for 49,918 units, 1.3% less than in 2016 By brand, Ford delivered 213,446 vehicles, 9.1% more than a year ago, while Lincoln, the groups luxury brand, sold 8,802 units, up 0.1% Turning to another continent, Ford sold a total of 118,000 vehicles in May in Europe, representing a 6% increase over the same month last year, according to the results announced by the company. 25 Specifically, Ford SUV sales rose by 17% to 19,100 all-wheel drive vehicles in the European market, driven by strong demand from the Kuga, EcoSport and Edge models. Ford also increased its market share in three of its largest markets by sales volume, increasing to 7.8% in Germany, 129% in Turkey and 47% in France Over 70% of

Ford passenger vehicle sales went to retail and fleet customers in Fords five major European markets. Specifically, Ford sold 88,200 passenger vehicles, 3% more than in May 2016. On the other hand, the vehicles of the high series represent 63% of passenger vehicle sales in the European market, 3% more than in May 2016. Sales of high-performance cars such as Fiesta ST, Focus ST, Focus RS, Mustang and GT have reached 4,700 units sold in the European market, with an increase of 7% year-on-year. The market share of commercial vehicles is 13.3% in May, making Ford the leading brand of commercial vehicles in Europe, with sales of 29,800 commercial vehicles, 16% more than in May 2016. 3.12 Competitors Not only in sales Ford has a lot of competition, but also in its models, the Ford Mustang is the most emblematic sports coupe worldwide and since its birth in 1964 broke schemes. The competition begins when other companies wanted to steal some of the attention from this first Pony Car, so two

years later, Chevrolet introduced the 26 Camaro, his most hated archrival and two years later Dodge would do the same with the Challenger. Today, these three emblematic American cars are still facing death These three cars are considered Muscle Cars and are the face of American power. These cars have gone through several versions and many physical and functional changes. Everyones favorite is the Mustang for many reasons but the Camaro is not left behind because its also a car that everyone wants, the Challenger is the one that has less preference of the three but this does not make it a bad car. There is no doubt that each of these cars have a beautiful appearance and a powerful machine. Model after model these cars compete to see which one is the best, the fastest, and the most preferred by all. But thats not all, these coupé are not the only models that compete with each other, also the vans, when talking about the F150 and the market we cant leave aside their direct rivals

such as Chevrolet Silverado, Dodge RAM and Toyota Tundra. We will first talk about your opponent from the beginning of the Chevrolet Silverado which is designed specifically for the job, having versions like the 1500,2500,3500 which are its load capacity. In addition to his strong 53 V8 litre direct injection engine with enviable fuel economy. It has a comfortable plastic interior because it is a truck specifically designed for work heavy. The Dodge Ram from its logo is known to be a power and power van has its legendary Hemi 5.7L engine that drives an 8-speed transmission, but that is workable does not mean you can travel comfortable as it has carved wood trims in 27 Its interior gives it an aroma that enchants many, besides its comfortable seats with heater and cow leather lining. Toyota is a recognized Japanese brand, the worlds first time assembling a vehicle in the United States and could not be other than a Pick Up called Tundra. With a capacity of 10,200 lbs. load with a

57L V8 engine and cowhide upholstery that covers the entire dashboard and seats, has driver and passenger seat heater fully engineered so as not to be afraid of any of our aforementioned. 3.13 Impact on society Since its inception Ford had an impact on society, when mass production was used for the creation of the Ford T many workers were needed as they had to do the work quickly and this created jobs for many people, not only that, the Ford T was a good quality car easily purchased for its low price and middle class people could easily buy it, but also the Ford T trucks are now used by most workers to move around. In addition, the Ford company not only makes an impact by its cars, but also by its innovative ideas for the generation of these times, an extraordinary marketing campaign was devised for events, where it was launched, certain challenges, so that students could use their creativity, so that by uploading their video they could win thousands of votes to win. 3.2 Sales 3.21

Ford Mustang sales in the United States (2015) 28 According to Fords announcement, 122,439 units of the 2015 Ford Mustang were delivered in 2015, including its coupe or Fastback version and its convertible or convertible version. The 2015 Ford Mustang experienced unprecedented success in the United States, its home, and the rest of the world. While it is true that the United States continues to be the main market for the Ford Mustang, which covers the vast majority of its worldwide sales, and where only in March 2015,12,663 units were sold. Sales of units per month were: January 8694, February 8.454, March 12663, April 13144, May 13616, June 11719, July 8482, August 9.997, September 9456, October 10096, November 7286, December 8742 3.22 Ford F-Series sales in the United States (2016) In 2016 820.799 Ford F-Series units were sold in the United States, specifically the F-150 series (which is its star model) and this is also the best-selling car in the United States and celebrates 40

years of being the most sold pick up and the most purchased vehicle for 35 consecutive years. In other words, it has been the number one in sales since 1982, continuously. In a market that exceeds 17 million cars sold These are sales of units per month: January 51.540, February 60697, March 73884, April 70.774, May 67412, June 70937, July 65657, August 66946, September 67809, October 65.542, November 72089, December 87512 29 CONCLUSIONS For the deep analysis that have been made we can conclude that: -Henry Ford from a very young age realized his passion for machines and talent for engineering which led him to overcome everything from assembling small watches to inventing his own versions of gasoline engines. All his efforts were successful which ended in the foundation of Ford Motor Company which led the industrial revolution for its wellknown chain pruduccion. -During the production stage, Ford innovated more and more from a car with 4 cylinders and wooden hoops to its iconic

mustang with an 8 cylinder V engine which every day increases its value and also achieved success with the F series from 1940 to the F150 of the 2000s which continues to captivate the country. -The market for American cars is growing every day as the technology they develop is favorable for many conditions such as agriculture, heavy work, comfort while traveling and Lincoln lines for the luxury of its occupants. 30 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES Ford, H., & Crowther, S (2005) My life and work Cosimo, Inc Ford, H., & Crowther, S (1988) Today and tomorrow Nevins, A., & Hill, F E (1954) Ford: the times, the man, the company (Vol 1) Charles Scribners Sons. Brinkley, D. (2003) Wheels for the world: Henry Ford, his company, and a century of progress, 1903-2003. Viking Press Finch, C. (1992) Highways to heaven: the auto biography of America HarperCollins Georgano, N. (1996) The American automobile: a centenary Smithmark 31 ANNEXED Survey applied to 100 people at Unidad

Educativa Javier In this monography I have decided to use a survey with the purpose to find out how much people know about Fords history and opinions about the models. SURVEY: - Gender  Male  Female 5. What do you know about the Ford T? Fords first car using serial manufacturing Was low-priced People call it "Tin Lizzie" It was made with wood Nothing 13% 30% 35% 12% 10% 32 - How well do you know about Ford’s history?  A lot  A little  Nothing How well do you know about Fords history? A lot A little 20% Nothing 26% 54% 33 - Which Ford model do you prefer?  Mustang  Ford Trucks (F-150, Raptor, Super Duty, etc)  Other Which Ford model do you prefer? Mustang Ford Trucks Other 10% 36% 54% 34 - Which models do you prefer?  The classics  The modern Which models do you prefer? Classics Modern 47% 53% 35 - Which Muscle Car do you prefere?  Mustang  Camaro Which Muscle Car do you

prefere? Mustang Camaro 35% 65% 36 What do you know about the Ford T?  (Open Answer) 5. What do you know about the Ford T? Fords first car using serial manufacturing Was low-priced People call it "Tin Lizzie" It was made with wood Nothing 13% 30% 35% 12% 10% 37