Please log in to read this in our online viewer!
Please log in to read this in our online viewer!
2023 · 14 page(s) (256 KB)
Hungarian
0
January 24 · 2026
Budapesti Metropolitan Egyetem
Logging in required
Embed
No comments yet. You can be the first!
What did others read after this?
Content extract
8WTOnZQ;bMUTM!u^N·[bnU · ,71" X[b! :ILI8uMZ·>I[[4n[bT~·1bUQVLQ:QKPnZL )^Q[MOZnLQ[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSIu[ 3buX-]Z~XIPMTaMIVMUbMSbQZMVLJMV <PM;aUJWTQK8]JTQK8WTQKaWN PM>Q[MOZIL +WWXMZIQWVIVL+MVIT-]ZWXM[8TIKMQVPM 1VMZVIQWVIT7ZLMZ Összefoglalás 3buX-]Z~XI·u[RMTMVIV]TUnVaMSQVMuJMVI>Q[MOZnLQ-Oa\U͒SLu[·PMTaM[bMZMXM u[UWbOn[MZMITIX^M˟MVPI ZWbbIUMOPIbnVSSTXWTQQSIQTMPM˟[uOMQVMSSMZMMQQ[!!~I I>Q[MOZnLQ-Oa\U͒SLu[PQ^ISWbn[QXWV^WTIUIOaIZSTXWTQQSnJIVUQVLIbM]ZWITIVQ QVMOZnKQ~ UQVL I [bWU[buL[nOXWTQQSI UQVL XMLQO I UIOaIZ VMUbM PI ZWV TQ uZLMSMQ ^uLMTUMMSQVMuJMVQ[)XWTQQSIQOMWUMQIIUMTaJMVPIbnVSVISVI^QOnTVQISMTTZMVLMTSMbQSMOa[IRnW[ZMOQWVnTQ[SIZISMZZMTIUMTaPMbI[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSIQPn\MZMI>Q[MOZnLQ -Oa\U͒SLu[ILRI2MTMVIV]TUnVaKuTRIPWOaMbIZMOQWVnTQ[SIZISMZu[Pn\MZMNMT^nbWTRI
^ITIUQVPWOaUMO^Qb[OnTRIZuOQ~VSPMTauIZMOQWVnTQ[uZLMSMSuZ^uVaM[Tu[uVMSVMUbMSbQ ZMVL[bMZ[bQV͒UMORMTMVu[u)^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSUIIÊTQJMZnTQ[^QTnOZMVLºUIOMZTMuPMb IZWbVISu[]OaIVVMUSb^MTMVVIXQZMVLITSW~QIZMVLVMSLMIZMOQWVnTQ[MOa\U͒SLu[MV SMZM[bTQVLQZMSU~LWVPIVISZnXuTLn]TIb-=[LVu[PWbIITJIV^IOaIb-OaM[TÎTTIUWSPWbN͒b˟L˟SIXK[WTIWSWVSMZM[bTÑOaI^Q[MOZnLQ[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSnVIS^IT~RnJIV SQU]IPI~PI [I^IVIVMUbMSbQZMVL[bMZNMRT˟Lu[M[bMUXWVRnJ~TQ[ 3]TK[[bI^IS">Q[MOZnLQ-Oa\U͒SLu[VMUbMSbQZMVL[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSI Dr. raDa PéTerMOaMMUQLWKMV[*]LIXM[Q5MWXWTQIV-OaMMUVMUbMSbQ ZMSWZPMTaM\M[ VMUbMSbQ SIXK[WTIWS [bISuZ˟ XZILI(UMWXWTQIVP] Prof. Dr vass lászló*]LIXM[Q5MWXWTQIV-OaMMUITIXy~ZMSWZXZWNM[b[bWZMUMZQ][T^I[I(UMWXWTQIVP]Dr. izminDi riChárDMOaMMUQLWKMV[ *]LIXM[Q 5MWXWTQIV -OaMMU <nZ[ILITWU]LWUnVaWS u[ 6MUbMSbQ
<IV]TUnVaWSQVubM^MbM˟ Rada Péter – Vass László – Izmindi Richárd: A visegrádi szimbolikus közpolitika. Summary <PMZWWUNWZUIVM]^MZQV+MVIT-]ZWXM·IVLQVPQ[[]LaNWZPM>Q[MOZIL+WWXMZIQWV·N]VLIUMVITTaLMMZUQVM[PMTQUQ[WN 0]VOIZa[NWZMQOVXWTQKaWXQWV[;QVKM!! PM>Q[MOZIL+WWXMZIQWVPI[JMMVIXWQVWN ZMNMZMVKMQV0]VOIZQIVNWZMQOVXWTQKaJWPQV MZU[WN -]ZW)TIVQKQVMOZIQWVVMQOPJWZPWWLXWTQKaIVLPMXZWMKQWVWN 0]VOIZQIV UQVWZQQM[JMaWVLPMJWZLMZ[<PMXWTQQKITOMWUMaQV PQKP0]VOIZaPI[PILWVI^QOIM PI[I[XMKQÅKZMOQWVITKPIZIKMZNWZ PQKPPM>Q[MOZIL+WWXMZIQWVXZW^QLM[[WUMSQVLWN NZIUM WZSQVPMNWZUWN ¹[aUJWTQKX]JTQKXWTQKaº<PMIQUWN PQ[QVWL]KWZaKPIXMZQ[W W]TQVMPQ[ZMOQWVITKPIZIKMZIVLJIKSOZW]VLIVLWM`IUQVMPMXTIKMWN W]ZZMOQWVQVPM WZTLIVLPM IaQV PQKPZMOQWVITQVMZM[[IZMZMXZM[MVMLIPMTM^MTWN PMQVMZVIQWVIT
[a[MU<WLIaPM>Q[MOZILKW]VQM[JMTWVOWPMKWZMKW]VQM[WN PMTQJMZIT WZTLWZLMZIVLITPW]OPPMaIZMVWLQZMKIOMVLI[M\MZ[WN PMWZLMZPMaQVÆ]MVKMQQVLQZMKTa PZW]OPZMOQWVITKWWXMZIQWVNWZM`IUXTMQVPM-=LMKQ[QWVUISQVOWZPZW]OPZMOQWVIT I[ MTTI[JQTIMZITZMTIQWV[ QPPM=VQML;IM[<P][>Q[MOZIL[[aUJWTQKX]JTQKXWTQKa LWM[PI^MILMUWV[IJTMQUXIKWVPMLM^MTWXUMVWN PMQVMZVIQWVIT[a[MUM^MVQN Q Q[TQUQMLKWUXIZMLWPMQUXIKWN OZMIXW MZ[ 3Ma WZL[">Q[MOZIL+WWXMZIQWVQVMZVIQWVITWZLMZ[aUJWTQKX]JTQKXWTQKa bevezeTés )ÊTQJMZnTQ[^QTnOZMVLºZuVMTUQSQ^uMT3IOIV"!IVMUbMSbQZMVL[bMZSTI[[bQS][ 3MVVMP?ITQZMITQ[ITWOQSnRI[bMZQV?IT)TQJMZnTQ[ZMVL]OaIVVMU^nT^Ilóban egyetemesséUuOQ[SuXM[^WTUMOISILnTaWbVQPWOa! ] VVIOaPIITUQPnJWZS ZRMVMSSQ)ZMVLVMSIbMTTMVb˟QuZPM˟MVI UWOI~QXMLQOJMQ[UMZ˟MVMTQ[UMZQSIPQJnQ
LMITQJMZnTQ[OWVLWTSWL~SSQMUMTQSPWOaVQVK[MVIVVISRWJJITMZVIy^nRIIVMUbMSbQJuSM NMVVIZ [IMSQVMuJMV:WJMZ3IOIVIPQJnSNWZZn[nIJJIVTnRIPWOaIZMVL[bIJnTaWbbI IbuTM[bnUW[MZTMuLMVMU^nTWbIRIUMOIbMUJMZQMZUu[bMMu[Mb]~JJQUQI\ uZbuSMTPMRSPWOaIÊTQJMZnTQ[^QTnOZMVLºUIIZuVMTUQMZ˟SW[WUIITI\nTT)bMUJMZQ MZUu[bM VMOIy^ ]TIRLWV[nOnVIS SQPIVO[TaWbn[I MOauZMTU͒MV ZMITQ[I SQQVL]Tn[ 3IOIV M[MuJMVIZMVLSWZTnWb~MZMRuJMV^IT~PQIbWVJIVQVSnJJTQJMZnTQ[3IOIVI#3IOIV J )JJIV MOaMuZu[ ^IV Ib MTUuTMQ [bISQZWLITWUJIV PWOa I ÊTQJMZnTQ[ ^QTnOZMVLMº Ib -OaM[TÎTTIUWSMZMUM\MUMOMOaVIOaWVSTVTMOM[PIITUQSWVÅO]ZnKQ~ILITMPM˟[uOMSQPI[bVnT^I! JMVUIRLIbSQMZRM[bM\MI^WT[bWKQITQ[IWZ[bnOWSSZuZMQ[ISQS VSuV^nTTIT
SIbRZMVL[bIJnTaIQ>uO[˟[WZWVI>Q[MOZnLQ-Oa\U͒SLu[MOaQSMZMLMVL˟KuTRIQ[Ib^WTPWOaIbMVVMSIZMVLVMS[bIJnTaIQ[bMZQVU͒SL˟M]Z~XIQQVMOZnKQ~u[ 6)<7MTRM[RWOIORn^n^nTPI[[IVISI^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWS 2MTMVIV]TUnVaM[b]OaIVZuVMTUQ]ITn[WSII>Q[MOZnLQ-Oa\U͒SLu[MSQVMu- 274 Polgári Szemle · 19. évfolyam 1–3 szám JMVLM[MUUQM[MM[MUKuTRIPWOaSZWVWTWOQS][n\MSQVu[ILRWV2MTMVIV]TUnVaKuTRI QVSnJJ Ib PWOa Zn^QTnOy[WV I ÊTQJMZnTQ[ ^QTnOZMVLº [bMUXWVRnJ~T ZMTM^nV[ [[bMNOOu[MS Sb\UQITSWPIMOaWTaIVTWOQSIQu[OWVLWTIQZMVL[bMZIUMTaPIbnVSu[ZuOQ~VS[bMUXWVRnJ~TQ[ZMTM^nV[)UMONMTMT˟NWOITUISIbWVW[y [n^IT·UQV[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSI· MTUuTMQS]I [QVIXQZMVLNWZUnTPI~u[uXXMVMbuZQVSnJJUMOTMX˟PWOaMNWOITUQSMZMMS a magyar szakirodalomban hiányosak régiónk vonatkozásában. a liberális világrenD és a visegráDi országok
)VMUbMSbQSIXK[WTIWSUMOuZu[uPMbISQQVL]T~XWV·IUMTaM*]LIXM[˟TVub^MVMPub UMOSuZL˟RMTMbVQ·IPIbnVSu[ZuOQ~VS[bnUnZIuZMTUMbPM˟^QTnO)ZuOQ~u[yOa3buX-]Z~XI[bnU]VSZIMT[˟[WZJIVu[TM[b͒Sy˟MVI>Q[MOZnLQ-Oa\U͒SLu[RMTMVQ)VVISLMÅVQnTn[IPWOaXWVW[IVUQQ[RMTMV3buX-]Z~XIMOauJSuV[MUMOa[bMZ͒NMTILIUMZI NTLZIRbQXWTQQSIQOIbLI[nOQPI ZWSSQRMTTu[M[WZnVQ[IJJIIXZWJTuUnJISbVSPWOa UQSuV [b͒Sy[S TM I LMÅVyKQ~ -OauZMTU͒ PWOa I SQ[buTM[yM\ NWOITWUPI[bVnTI QVSnJJ JJUQVSM^M[MJJXZWJTuUnPWZLWbUIOnJIVU~L[bMZIVQTIOjXXMVMbuZIIV]TUnVa MT[˟[WZJIVIbMTUuTMQSQQVL]Tn[ÅOaMTMUJM^u^M[b͒Sy˟MVuZMTUMbQINWOITUIu[IbI>Q[MOZnLQ-Oa\U͒SLu[WZ[bnOIQZIPI[bVnTRI5IZWVMIT -TNWOIL^IIbIbnTTy [PWOaZMOQWVnTQ[IV^IT~JIVTuMbVMSWTaIVSIZISMZRMOaMSISTXWTQQSnJIVIUMTaMSQVSnJJI^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSZIRMTTMUb˟MSÅOaMTMUJM^M[[bSPWOaI>
JJVIOaWJJMOaUn[nNML˟ÊJQbWV[nOQSWUXTM`]UºRMTMVTWOQSIITIXRnVuZMTUMbu[QSMZM Zu[bMQ[-bMSISMZMMSSbTIb-=u[I6)<7ITMORMTMV˟[MJJMS5QVLMbMSJ˟TIS^MSMb˟ nTTy [WSS^MSMbVMSIZuOQ~VSIbIbI> u[IÊTQJMZnTQ[^QTnOZMVLº^WVISWbn[nJIVIUMTaMS ZMTM^nV[ISPIbnVS[bMUXWVRnJ~TQ[" · ZuOQ~VS^QIPIITIV]TQVubUuVaM[MVZu[bMIÊTQJMZnTQ[^QTnOZMVLVMSº# · IPIbIQu[UIRLZMOQWVnTQ[SIZISMZu[UWbOn[MZMM`WOuV módon és intézményesen ITISyRIMbIÊTQJMZnTQ[^QTnOZMVLº# · UQVLMbMS MTTMVuZM 5IOaIZWZ[bnO STXWTQQSnRnVIS ^IV [b]^MZuV UWbOn[MZM IUMTa MT[˟ SZJMV ZMOQWVnTQ[IV TMPM UMOPI ZWb~ UMZ I VMUbMQ [bQVMV SWV[]nT~L~ UIOaIZuZuSu[uZLMSPnT~Q\SMZTMT˟[bZQVMZISKQ~JISb^MTMVTUn[uZLMSMSSMT és értékekkel. )ÊTQJMZnTQ[^QTnOZMVLºMTUuTMQUMONWOITUIbn[IVMUSQ[NMTILIu[VMUQ[KuTRIRMTMVIV]TUnVaVIS ) IV[bITIVQ MOa\U͒SLu[ I ÊTQJMZnTQ[ ^QTnOZMVLMVº JMTT MOa [IRnW[
ÊTQJMZnTQ[J]JWZuSºIZMVLUIORnSuXMbQSIZu[bM[WZ[bnOWS>Q[bWVIb-OaM[TÎTTIUWS^WT MOaMLT SuXM[ Zn PWOa PMOMU~V [b]XMZPIITWUSuV Mb I ^QTnOZMVLM SQITISy[I I ;bW^RM]VQ~J]Sn[I] V)b-OaM[TÎTTIUWSZMITQ[IUIMZQnTQ[SIWVIQOIbLI[nOQu[XWTQQSIQ PIITUnVISS[bVPM˟MVSuXM[IZZIPWOaIVIXQZMVLMI[IRnVub˟XWVRI[bMUXWVRnJ~T ZOby[M5MIZ[PMQUMZ IJJQZu[b^M^˟VMSSM^M[MJJTM^MO˟u[[bIJILUWbOn[MZM PIOa^IM[MMSuVSuVa[bMZy^MQ[˟SMIUMONMTMT˟[uOZM)^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSuZbuSMTQSIÊTQJMZnTQ[ ^QTnOZMVLº nZVaWTLITIQ LM SZQQS][SuV K[IS IbuZ SuXM[MS NMTTuXVQ UMZ I J]JWZuSWVJMTT^IVVIS,QZMSVIXQZMVLITSW~MZMRSVQVK[MVLMSuXM[MSQVLQZMSU~LWVZu[b ^MVVQIVIXQZMVLMVUnZ[bMZMXT˟SuZLu[[MTSIXK[WTIW[UMOWTLn[QRI^I[TIWSJMNWTan[WTn[nJI 275 Rada Péter – Vass László – Izmindi Richárd: A visegrádi szimbolikus közpolitika.
5QVLMbK[ISISSWZQOIbPIIVIXQZMVLITSW~S·Ib-=^IOaIb-OaM[TÎTTIUWS·UMOQ[ halljákI^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSPIVORn>Q[bWVPIVQVK[MVMOa[uOM[u[SIZISMZM[PIVOISSWZ I]ZJ]TMV[ST^QTnObIRnJIVMbIbnTTn[XWVMT͒VQSu[VMUuZLMUM[IbWVK[WLnTSWbVQPWOa IuZ[uOVSVMSITSITUIbSWL~[bMZMXR])[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSIXWVIb[[bMIZWbn[I Sb[PIVOWMZ˟[yQu[M[bQTnPI~^n -TUuTMQ[bQVMVUQVLMVSuXXMVLMOaISWZTIQXWTQQSIQTuXu[MSMSQVMuJMVQ[MOaMuZPMVSPWOaTuMbQSSIZISMZM[> M[ZMOQWVnTQ[ILW\[nO5IZWVMIT IUQJMNWTan[WTRIPIbnVSu[ZuOQ~VSSTXWTQQSnRnIUMTaZMITMOVIOaWJJPI [[ITVMUUMOTMX˟U~LWVI [b^M[uOQZMVL[bMZVS^MbM˟QIb-OaM[TÎTTIUWSu[ZuOQ~VS[bMUXWVRnJ~TVMUMTPIVaIOWTPI~U~LWVIb-]Z~XIQ=VQ~nTITSQITISyW\u[S^MM\VIXQZMVLITIX^M˟JMNWTan[[IT ZMVLMTSMbQS ;bQVuV MTNWOILR]S Ib I NMTuMTMbu[ PWOa I RMTMV ^QTnOZMVL TQJMZnTQ[ u[ Ib I
TQJMZnTQ[6a]OIVIXQZMVLRuVTu^˟SuZLu[MSJMNWTan[WTRnSVMWTQJMZnTQ[UMOSbMTyu[LMPIVO[TaW[VMWZMITQ[IMTMUMSPII6)<7Q[JMTM^M[[bSIbMOaMVTMJMQTTM^MISuZLu[MSUIOn IZMVLMSZbQS^Q[[bI)6a]OI[MUMOa[uOM[UQVLMVMOaM[OaISWZTIQLVu[MSQVMuJMV5n[Zu[bZ˟T^Q[bWVMTSMTTQ[UMZVQPWOaIbITSW~MTMUMSIbIbnTTIUWSQ[PI [[IT^IVVISIZZIPWOaZMVL[bMZ[bQVMVUQTaMVSuZLu[MSSMZTVMSIVIXQZMVLZMu[S^MSMbu[SuXXMV PWOaIV^nTWbQSI^QTnOZMVL-OaMTMVXuTLnSQZIOIL^IINWTaIUI~T"PIbnVSSTXWTQQSnRn JMNWTan[WTRIIVMUbMSbQZMVLu[IVMUbMSbQM[MUuVaMSLMIbuZLMSMSMu[uZuSMSMMOa PW[[bIJJu[JMTTZ˟TuXySMb˟NWTaIUIPI ZWbbIUMOQVLQ^QL]ITQ[bQS][UMOSbMTyu[IUMTa QVSnJJSTI[[bQS][ZMITQ[I^IOaSTI[[bQS][TQJMZnTQ[#IbIbPWOaUQOWVLWT]VSIUQVSuuZ˟ SQPy^n[WSZ~T5IOaIZWZ[bnOPMTauZ˟TIVMUbMSbQZMVLJMVTn[LSbuXPIITUQ[nOKuTRIIb
MT˟[bZIZuOQ~VSJIVRMTMVQSUMOu[PIIZMOQWVnTQ[SuZLu[[XMKQÅS][SWUXTM`]UJIV^ITQLnKQ~ VaMZIXIZVMZMQVSnTITISSWZTQJMZnTQ[ZMVL[bQVRuVQ[JMNWTan[[ITTMPM5IZWVMIT ) ÊTQJMZnTQ[ ^QTnOZMVLº VMWTQJMZnTQ[ LM ISnZ QLMITQ[I Vub˟XWVJ~T 1SMVJMZZa Ib ISMZMIUMTaVMSPI ZIQNM[bMOMVQTMPMLM[TaW[IJJ^M[bM[uOMSVuTSTnTuXVQVMU) [b]^MZMVQ [IVMUbMSbQZMVL[bMZJMVVMUTMPMSWZTnTIVUMZ^IOaIVMWTQJMZnTQ[NOO˟[uOMS^IOaIVMWZMITQ[ITuTu[Q[bVUQI\UuOIVIOaPIITUIS[MUMPMVMSUMOISnZUQ >Q[bWVÊ>Q[MOZnL[bMTTMUuVMSºOWVLWTISZMVMUuZMTUMbPM˟IPIOaWUnVaW[ZMITQ[ITQJMZnTQ[TWOQSnJIV:ILI)^Q[MOZnLQK[WXWZWZ[bnOIQIORIQIb-]Z~XIQ=VQ~VISu[I 6)<7VISu[JnZSTu[JQbWV[nOXWTQQSnR]SI^ITIUQNuTMVMUbMQuZLMS^MbuZTQIPIOaWUnVaW[ STI[[bQS][ ZMITQ[IPIITWUXWTQQSIQSIMO~ZQnSSM^u[[u SuXM[MS uZMTUMbVQXWTQQSIQ
K[MTMS^u[MQSM*nZITQJMZnTQ[QV[Q]KQWVITQbU][u[MOauJTQJMZnTQ[MTUuTMMSQVMZLMXMVLMVKQI3MWPIVM! LMUWSZIQS][JuSM,WaTM! JJMTMUMQ[ZMTM^nV[I^Q[MOZnLQK[WXWZÊJQbWV[nOXWTQQSIQOaISWZTI VISºUMOuZu[uPMbPWTQ[bQS][IVMbMS[MU]LRnSI^Q[MOZnLQK[WXWZVISu[5IOaIZWZ[bnOVISIPMTabMuQTTM^MIbMTUTu^QbMLMSJMVJMRnZR]SI UMOZIOILVQ)uZ[uOWZ[bnOIQVISJQbWV[nOXWTQQSnRnK[ISQ[IUTJIVMTSuXbMTTMPM[uOM[ R^˟SSb\QZu[bJMVuZLMSITIXu[]LIW[Zu[bJMV^Q SSbMOuJMVNWZUnT~LW\Zu[bJMV XMLQOITIX^M˟uZuS^nTI[b [WSJ~Tu[ISuXbMTMSWV[]Sy^MZMRuJ˟T XTnTSWb~^nTI[b [SuV TMPMZMSWV[]nTVQ-JJ˟TI[bMUXWVJ~TuZLMSM[STV[MVPIUIOnZII>Q[MOZnLQ-Oa\U͒SLu[ZMMSQVVSSbXWTQQSISuV ![bQUJWTQS][IVQ[NWVW[u^^WT·u[I[bQUJ~T]UWSIuZ[uOVSJMVSQMUMTSML˟MV NWVW[IS·3buX-]Z~XIu[PIbnVS[bnUnZIIÊTQJMZnTQ[^QTnOZMVLJMVºUMZ!JMV5I- 276 Polgári Szemle · 19. évfolyam 1–3 szám
OaIZWZ[bnOUn[SbuXM]Z~XIQWZ[bnOWSSITMOa\VVMXMTMIZMVL[bMZ^nT [u^NWZL]T~RnI6)<7IO[nOu^NWZL]T~Rnu[Ib-=IO[nO u^NWZL]T~Rn-bMSIbM[MUuVaMS Ib MTUTPnZWU u^QbMLJMVI [IZWSXWVRn RMTMVM\uSuZ[uOVS WZ[bnOIQ STXWTQQSnRnVIS !JMVIZZ~TQ[UMOMUTuSMbVSPWOaI^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWS u^] VRZIK[ITISWbPI\IS I¹6a]OIPWbº2IT JIVZuOQ~VSNMTM\LV\MSLMZuOQ~VSSuX^Q[MT˟QVMSJM^WVn[IVuTST u[IbWZ[bnOIQVS^IT~LQ[WZ[nZIQ[SWZTnWbW\JMNWTan[]VSUIZILVuOau^QbMLMVSMZM[bT -bIbWVJIVUMO^nTWbW\! !JMV#I^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSUIIVa]OIQJQbWV[nOQIZKPQMSZnVIS u[ [b^M[uOVMS MTRM[ RWO u[ MOaMVRWO IORIQ )b M]ZWITIVQ QVMOZnKQ~VIS VMU ^WT u[ VQVK[MV ITMZVIy^nRI I uZ[uOVSJMV <MZUu[bMM[MV ^IVVIS u[ TM[bVMS Q[ ^Q S u[ VubMMTuZu[MSLMUQVLMbMSI[b^M[uOMZMUuTPM˟TMOQVSnJJMT˟ZuJJ^Q[bQSUQV[MUUMOSuZL˟RMTMbVuSIVVISuZ^uVaM[[uOu )^Q
SIJJ~TNISILVISTMOJJ[bZPWOa3buX-]Z~XII[b^M[uOZu[bMTM\LMIb¹RWVVIVºuZSMb˟SVMUUQVLQOuZMbuSPWOa^IT~RnJIVJMNWOIL S˟SM)bMTPIOaIW\[nO^IOa MTPIVaIOWT[nOuZbu[M^Q[[bI^Q[[bIuZ˟u[VMUUQVLQOQVLWSWTITIVuZbu[^WT)bQOIbWLn[Q [bnVLuS Ib -]Z~XIQ =VQ~PWb ^IOa I 6)<7PWb Ib MZMLUuVaMbM Ib MTUT u^QbMLMSJMV PWOaISbuXM]Z~XIQWZ[bnOWSOaISZIVSZQQSIVuTST^M\MSnQVubUuVaMSM[bIJnTaWSIu[ IuZ[uOVSJMVTMbIRT~OaISZIVSTVJb˟NWTaIUIWSZISM^u[JuZMIOnT]VSu[IbWSSMbMTu[M Pn\uZJM[bWZ]T)buZbu[PWOaISbuXM]Z~XIQISIMTNMTMRM\uS^IOaVMUuZQSUMOVMU [MOyQISb[[uONMRT˟Lu[u5QVLMbMSIIXI[bITIWSu[I[TaW[LQTMUUnSIUMTaMSMUMO SMTTM\^nTI[bWTVQQZnVa͒SuV[bWTOnTPIVISUQSuVMZ˟[y[SIZMOQWVnTQ[ZMbQTQMVKQnu[UQSuV
Su[bTRVSNMTIR^˟JMVQ[UQVLMVJQbWVVaITMOaZMOaISZIJJIV^nTISWb~^QTnOXWTQQSIQZu[XWVWSZI)ZMOQWVnTQ[MOa\U͒SLu[VMSQOMVQ[^IVZMTM^IVKQnRIu[ITnVIb[MUTb~PWOa VQVK[MV ITMZVIy^nRI IZ~[IV MOaQS ^Q[MOZnLQ WZ[bnO [bnUnZI [MU Ib M]ZWITIVQ [b^M[uO SMZMMQ Sb\ -ZZM R~ XuTLI PWOa I !M[ ^nT[nO IV]T[nOIQJ~T IV]T^I IUQSWZ Ib MOu[b-=UMOWTLn[SMZM[M\IuZ[uOVSVMSIPIuSWVaIJJNMTTuXu[IZMOQWVnTQ[UMOSbMTyu[ RMTMVM\Mu[MZZMIIXI[bITIWSZIuXy^MI+W^QL!MTTMVQSbLMTMU[WZnVQ[·Ib-=[SZQQSnSMTTMVuZM·> M[SMZMMSSb\SMZM[uSIIOWZ[bnOWSIUMOWTLn[ILQTMUUnZI"PWOaIV SMbMTRVS PIuSWVaIV MOa ^IT~JIV MTSuXM[b˟MV MZRML˟ u[ MUJMZMS PITnTn^IT RnZ~ ^QTnORnZ^nVaOaPWOaISMbMTu[PI [IQVMTMOaMVMSJMTnPIITIVS^MSMbUuVaMSSMTIOIbLI[nOQ MTRM[yUuVaZM)ZMOQWVnTQ[> M[SWPubQ~MZ˟[yu[MIÅbQSIQu[P]UnVQVNZI[]SZINMRTM[bu[
IZMOQWVnTQ[[bQVMZOQnSSQPI[bVnTn[IW^nJJZIQ[NWVW[KuTWSIVIXQZMVLMV > 1 ; - / : Î , j ; 3 l B j 8 - = : Õ 8) ; B 1 5 * 7 4 1 3 Î 2 ) ) 11 ^QTnOPnJWZ ] VQ ^QTnOJIV UuO I [b~PI[bVnTIJ~T Q[ MT͒V 3buX-]Z~XI ) TMMZM[bSML˟>I[NOOVaUOuSMZTWZ[bnOWS^IT~RnJIV3MTM-]Z~XnJIVI[bW^RMJQZWLITWUJIV ITnT SUIO]SI)>IZ[~Q;bMZb˟Lu[SMZMuJM[bMZ^MbM\SWUU]VQ[IUJJMV4MVOaMTWZ[bnO +[MP[bTW^nSQIu[5IOaIZWZ[bnOIbWVTMONMRTM\MJJWZ[bnOWSK[WXWZRnITSW\nSIUMTaMS[WPI VMUWT^ILISJMTMI[bW^RM Z[ILITUQZMVL[bMZJM)buZMTUQ[uOSK[WXWZRIQyZ~Su[ Z[ILITWU]LWUnVaQOWVLWTSWL~SUMO˟ZQbuSu[NMTU]I\nSIVMUbMQNOOMTMV[uOu[I[bIJIL[nO uZuSMQI Z[ILITU]SQL˟VSuVPI ZWbW\IVSQU]I\IILMUWSZnKQI] VQ^nOaIIUQUuO NMTSMTu[MQSTM^MZu[M] V[MUILISNMT)UIOaIZ! IK[MP[bTW^nS! u[ITMVOaMT! 277 Rada Péter – Vass László – Izmindi Richárd: A visegrádi szimbolikus közpolitika. u[!
S^MMTu[MQSb\ZMVL[bMZM[MVUMORMTMVIb-]Z~XnPWb^IT~^Q[[bIuZu[[bnVLuSI)b M]Z~XIQ[nOM[bUuVaMI[bIJIL[nOu[IRWJJuTMSZTUuVaMSQZnVQQOuVaNMRMbMSQ)b! I[ u^MSUn[WLQSNMTuJMVMTQVL]TXWTQQSIQNWTaIUIWSUQVLMVMSMT˟\I;bW^RM]VQ~JIVJMS^MSMbM\XWTQQSIQNWZL]TIVM^MbMM[MVI5/WZJIK[W^XnZN˟QSnZ^MbM˟[bMZMXu^MTUMO^IT~[]T~ LMUWSZIQbnTn[QTuXu[MS·XMZM[bWRSInuXyu[OTI[bVW[baVayT[nO·UMOVaQW\nSILQSIZn~Tu[I[bW^RM]ZITWU~TUMO[bIJIL]TVQ^nOa~WZ[bnOWS[bnUnZIIZMVL[bMZ^nT [TMPM˟ségét. 1988-tól a három közép-európai országban szinte párhuzamosan zajlottak az átmenet NWTaIUIIQ4MVOaMTWZ[bnOJIVu[5IOaIZWZ[bnOWVMT[˟SuVSMZT[WZILMUWSZIQS][nUMVM MT[˟TuXu[MQVMSUMOuMTuZMIUMTaMSIXWTQQSIQXT]ZITQbU][JJXnZMVL[bMZQVubUuVaM[yu[Mu[I[bIJILXIZTIUMVQ^nTI[b [WSUMO[bMZ^Mbu[uKuTWb SUMOu[MPPMb^Q[bWVaTIOOaWZ[IV bnZS~bISNMTIK[MP[bTW^nSQIQNWTaIUIWS-JJMVIbQL˟[bISJIVIPnZWUWZ[bnOXWTQQSIQMZ˟Q
VIOaÅOaMTUMNWZLyW\ISMOaUn[NWTaIUIIQZIIbnUMVMJMVMTuZMZMLUuVaMQZMu[SWVSZu XWTQQSIQ[IuOQnQZI]LIW[y^IIZuVMTUQPI[WVT~[nOWu[ISb[uZLMSMSM)SWUU]VQ[I ]ZITWUUIT[bMUJMVUMO[bMZ^Mb˟L˟XWTQQSIQK[WXWZWSIPnZWUWZ[bnOJIVNWTaIUIW[IVSIXK[WTIWIZW\ISMOaUn[[ITISnZQTTMOnTQ[IVQ[I[bW^RMQL˟SJMVu[IZMVL[bMZ^nT [[WZnVQ[ UWOI\nSMOaUn[IV]TISMOaUn[~Tu[MZUu[bMM[VMSuZMbuSIb[[bMIZWbn[ )bMT[˟[bIJIL^nTI[b [WS] V4MVOaMTWZ[bnOJIV+[MP[bTW^nSQnJIVu[5IOaIZWZ[bnOWV UMOITIS]T~SWZUnVaWSPI ZWbW\[bnVLuSI^WTISWZnJJQ[bWTQLIZQ [UMO˟Zbu[Mu[ISb[ KuTWSuZZuV˟MOaJMPIVOWTNMTTuXu[!!VW^MUJMZuJMVIPQLMOPnJWZ] VQR-]Z~XI ITIXMT^MQZOby˟8nZQb[Q3IZIITnyZn[ISWZ)VITT2~b[MNUIOaIZUQVQ[bMZMTVSIbMTUWVLW\ M`XWbuRnJIV PQM M\ I PnZWU WZ[bnO MOa\U͒SLu[M UMTTM\ u[ RI^I[WTI I TMVOaMT u[ K[MP[bTW^nS SWZUnVaN˟SVMS XIZVMZMQVMS PWOa ITnTSWbbIVIS I PnZWU WZ[bnO XWTQQSIQ
^MbM˟QIS^MSMb˟u^MTMRuV>Q[MOZnLWV a kö z ö s Tö rT é n e l e m e m l é k e z e T e ) ^Q[MOZnLQ ITnTSWb~ TuMR\uVMS IXZWX~Rn MOa I SbuXSWZQ UMOnTTIXWLn[ ILI ) ,]VIUMVQ^Q[MOZnLQSQZnTaQXITW JIV VW^MUJMZuJMV3nZWTa:~JMZUIOaIZSQZnTaSMbLMUuVaMbu[uZMIVnK[SWbn[IZW\IS1113nbUuZTMVOaMTu[4]`MUJ]ZOQ2nVW[K[MPSQZnTa Zu[b^uMTu^MT)PnZWU]ZITSWL~ITnTSWb~RnVISKuTRIIb^WTPWOaMT[QUy[nSPIITUQMTTMVuMQSMu[OIbLI[nOQXWTQQSIQMOa\U͒SLu[JMVnTTIXWLRIVISUMOISbuXM]Z~XIQuZ[uOJMV uZ^uVaM[T˟ W[bnS u[ VuUM ]ZITUQ ZMS^u[MS MTTMVuJMV ÙR SMZM[SMLMTUQ ]ISI RMTTMS SQPWOaSQSMZTRuSIJuK[Q^nUW)*]LI·ZVV^WVITN˟JJnTTWUn[IQ-[bMZOWU6IOa[bWUJIu[0WTQK[^WTIS]LIu[ZVVMTRM[nZ]UMOnTTy~RWOWSIXIS)TMVOaMT·WZW[b kereskedelem magyarországi központja Kassa lett.
-bIbMOa\U͒SLu[WTaIV[QSMZM[^WTPWOaIPnZWUSQZnTa[nOOIbLI[nOIMJJMVISWZJIV^QZnOSWZnuTM3buX-]Z~XIUIORIIPnZWUZuVMTUQSQZnTa[nO"ITMVOaMTIK[MPu[ IUIOaIZTM\4uSuZNOOMTMV[uOSuZNWTaIUIW[IVPnJWZSMTTM\^y^VQ]SI[bWU[buLW[ VIOaPIITUISSIT)bPWOauZLMSMQSMSb[MVPIuSWVaIJJIV]LRnSSuX^Q[MTVQUnZI>Q[MOZnLWV JMVIZW\PnZWUSQZnTaITnTSWb~·ITnVIbMT[˟SMTMM]Z~XIQK[K[ITnTSWb~·Q[UMOU]I\I3buX-]Z~XIZuVMTUMIbQOIbWTIPWOaIbIOZM[[bQ~^ITISy^TZ˟T R^˟P~Ly~^IOaK[ISNMVaMOM˟ZMS^u[MSSMT[bMUJMVSb[MVSMTTNMTTuXVQ^uL^MMuZ[uO 278 Polgári Szemle · 19. évfolyam 1–3 szám TIS~QVISuZuSMQPIOaWUnVaIQ -T[˟[WZJIV Mb UWQ^nTI Su[˟JJ Q[ I XMZ[bWVnTQ[ ]VQ~SI I uZ[uOJMV I TMVOaMT K[MP u[ UIOaIZ]ZITSWL~SÊ^Q[MOZnLQºMZTMMSMMOaM[y˟[b^M[uOJMUZy˟XWTQQSnRn5QVLPnZWUWZ[bnOJIVuTuVSMV˟ZbQIZuVMTUQMUTuSMbMIbWSIIbM[MUuVaMSMIUMTaMS[WZnVIb
[[bMNWOn[MOaUn[ UWOI [ISb[[QSMZMSMPWbW\MVVMSMTUIZILn[IXMLQOOaMVOyM\MI UIOnZIPIOaW\I)UIQOMVMZnKQ~S[bnUnZIQ[uZbMTUQRMTMV˟[uOM^IVIb I[UIOaIZ [bIJIL[nOPIZKJIVITMVOaMT[MOy[uOVMSIb! W[UIOaIZu[TMVOaMTXnZP]bIUW[[nOVISIb ! I[UIOaIZu[K[MP[bTW^nSNWTaIUIWSVISu[ITMVOaMT;bWTQLIZQ [UWbOITWUSMTMM]rópai hatásának. 5QMT˟\I^Q[MOZnLQ[[bMNWOn[ZuVMTUQOMWXWTQQSIQWSIQSMZM[VuVSuZLMUM[n\MSQVMVQIVuOaWZ[bnO OIJJNTLZIRbQSWVM`][nUMOPI ZWbVQIPnVaI\IW\[WZ[SbuXM]Z~XIQZuOQ~>nTWb~nTTIUPI ZWSu[nITIS]T~OMWXWTQQSIQZu[^WVITISUMTTM\IbMOaSWZQ ^Q[MOZnLQIS+[MPWZ[bnO4MVOaMTWZ[bnOu[5IOaIZWZ[bnOZuVMTUQOaSMZMQ[WSJIVSb[MS)PnZWUWZ[bnOIbnTTIUITIXy [IVa]OIQSMZM[buVaKQ^QTQbnKQ~PWbZuV˟SIXK[WT~Ln[ MZTMuVMOaUn[UMTTM\PITILUnZI[bnbIL~TSMbL^MIUQSWZUuO[WSRMTMVTMOQM]Z~XIQ ország a mai formájában nem is létezett.
3WUWTaZuVMTUQOaSMZMQ^WTISIVVISPWOaIZMVL[bMZ^nT [S^M˟MVUMOMZ˟[L\I ZuOQ~WZ[bnOIQSb\QSWPubQ~;bnUW[WTaIVSb[SIXK[WT~Ln[QXWVuZuSu[uZLMSZMVL[bMZ nTTIbWZ[bnOWSUO\IUMTaMSZuO~I[[bMSW^nK[WTRnSI^Q[MOZnLQISI-bMV[IRnW[XWTQQSIQ társadalmi és gazdasági okok mögött pedig egyrészt egy szoros földrajzi sorsközösség is áll. )>Q[MOZnLQ+[WXWZ6a]OIu[3MTMSbu[bWZ]T^IMOaSTVTMOM[ÊSbM[ZuOQ~JIVºNMS[bQS<nZ[ILITUQU͒SLu[MITIXRnVUnZMbMZu^M[ ^TIJIVQ[-]Z~XIVa]OIQNMTuPMbIZWbW\ miközben Nyugattól hullámokban távolodva Kelet-Európához sodródott az évszázadok során. -VVMSISM\˟[[uOVMSIÊSbM[ZuOQ~ºnTTIXWVIS[IRnW[WSIQ^IVVISUQ^MTMbMZu^] V Q[MOaMZ˟[NTLZIRbQ^nTI[b~^WVITINMLMbPMVSNMT-bIb-TJIu[;IITMNWTa~SMZMLu[u˟TLuTZMQVL]TUIRLI4IRIQTTM^MIbMOaSWZQZ~UIQXZW^QVKQnVIS8IVV~VQnVISVa]OIQPI Zn~T Ib )LZQIQMVOMZQO Pb~LQS 1VVMV Va]OII NMS^˟
MZTMMSMV I :~UIQ *QZWLITWU J]Sn[I ] VQQL˟[bISJIVWT^IL[[bMISu[˟IVQSSMZM[buVau[IJIZJnZOMZUnV Z[ILITUQXWTQQSIQ ZMVL[bMZIUMTaIb~IQ[IbM]Z~XIQS]TZIITIXRnSuXMbQ;b͒K[! -bbMT[bMUJMV3MTMMVISbXWVIbI*QbnVK^WTIUMTaQVSnJJI:~UIQQZWLITWUSMTMQ ZS[uOuSy^nVIUMO˟ZQbVQVMUXMLQOQVMOZnTVQIbVJIZJnZ^QTnOW-]Z~XIQZuOQ~SZ~TQ[ QVSnJJK[ISIbMbZMLNWZL]T~SZVauSu˟TJM[buTPMVS)SMZM[buVa[uOVMSUQVnTTIU^ITTn[VISIVa]OIQSbXWVRIMSbJMV:~UIUIZIL)b M[VIOaMOaPnb[bISILn[[ITIZuOQ~ MOu[bMIVa]OIQMOaPnbZy][nS^M\MUQSbJMVMOauZMTU͒MVSQZIRbWT~LW\IbMT˟JJQ^WVIT~T[WSSITSMTMMJJZMPb~L~Un[QS[bQVuVMZ˟[PI Z^WVIT-bIb)TL]VI^QLuSu˟Tu[bISQ QZnVaJII3MTMQ3nZXnWSWVSMZM[bTu[bISNMTuPITIL^IIVa]OIQu[SMTMQ[bTn^MZTMMSM ^nTI[bW\IMTMOaUn[~TIUQI[bnbILJIVXMLQOUnZMOu[bMVI*ITQS]UQOZIRbWT~LW\SQ
)bVÊ6a]OIºNWOITUISM^u[JuUIZSnV[IVLMUuOQ[ZnQTTM\I+[MPI4MVOaMTu[I5IOaIZ 3QZnTa[nOZIu[bISWVXMLQOI6uUM4W^IOZMVL^QLuSuZMUuOQ[MbMVI6a]OIWVJMTTUnZ MOau^MbZMLLMTMbMT˟\SMbLM\SQITIS]TVQ3buX-]Z~XIITIXRIjZLMSM[U~LWVI [bnbIL~T SMbL^MMOauTM[OIbLI[nOQu[ Z[ILITWU[bMZSMbMQZu[^WVITIb-TJI4IRIPI Z^WVITUMVuV RZISM\u[bMTM-]Z~Xn-bbMTI>Q[MOZnLQZuOQ~u[IbI\~TSMTMMNMS^˟MZTMMSMMOa[uOM- 279 Rada Péter – Vass László – Izmindi Richárd: A visegrádi szimbolikus közpolitika. [MVIbVUn[WLQS^IOaZS[RWJJnOa[nOMZTMu^uITISyW\In;b͒K[! ) S]T]ZnTQ[ Z[ILITUQ PI [ UMTTM\ OIbLI[nOQ [bMUXWVJ~T ^Q[bWV QVSnJJ 3MTMPMb [WLZ~LISIZuOQ~WZ[bnOIQ-bISM\˟[uOITISyW\ISQIbI[IRnW[SbM[MZTMMIUQ3MTM3buX-]Z~XnVISQ[VM^MbVMS<ZuVMTUQ ^TIWSJIVI^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSNMTM\QOMWXWTQQSIQMZ˟^WVITIS[WSI^nTWbISIb]~JJQu^[bnbILWSJIV+[MPWZ[bnOVISINMPuZPMOaQK[I
4MVOaMTWZ[bnOVISIPnZWUITSITWUUITZuV˟NMTW[b [n ! S^M˟MVI [b]^MZMVQ [MTRM[MT^M[bu[MI5IOaIZ3QZnTa[nOVISXMLQOI0IJ[J]ZO*QZWLITWUJIZuV˟ JMIOWb~Ln[IOnWTIUMOPWOaSb[MVITISyPI[[nSIZuOQ~R^˟Ru ) SWZnJJQ Zu[^WVITISIMZ˟[yM\MI VIOaPIITUISMZTMQNMTW[b [I 2IT V! JMV IUQSWZ[bQVMRZI]OaIVIbWVPI Z^WVITUMVuVMZM[bM\uSTMI^I[NOOVaIUMTa^WVIT UnZ SWZnJJIV JJ[bZ Q[ MT^nTI[bW\I I ZuOQ~ Va]OIQ QZnVaJIV ) Sb[ [WZ[ nUMVMQ RMTTMO͒ PW[[b u^[bnbILWS UIRL I [bWKQITQbU][ MTVaWU~ u^QbMLMQ ] V UuOQ[ [bV[MV egymásra találtak az önálló szuverén visegrádi államok. Két évtizede pedig az észak-atlanti és M]Z~XIQQVMOZnKQ~Q[MTuZMIZuOQ~ ) > 1 ; - / : Î , 1 - / A m < < 5 ͑ 3l , j ; 5 7 , - : 6 37 : 1 . - 4 Ù 2 Ñ < Î ; ) )^Q[MOZnLQK[WXWZVM^u>nKTI^0I^MTI+;;B;B3Sb Z[I[nOQMTVSM)VITT2~b[MN UIOaIZ
UQVQ[bMZMTVSu[4MKP?IĐʼn[ITMVOaMTMTVSITnTSWb~RnV^nTI[bW\nSMOa!!NMJZ]nZ uV IUIOaIZWZ[bnOQ>Q[MOZnLWVIZW\M[MUuVaMV)ITnTSWb~VIXWTQQS][WSVaQTISWbIWyZIS ITnPWOaIPnZWU!!~I> WZ[bnO[bWZW[IVMOa\NWOU͒SLVQIbM]Z~XIQQVMOZnKQ~ NMTu ^MbM˟ WV ) SWUU]VQ[I ZMVL[bMZ [[bMWUTn[I ] V MOa\U͒SLu[S MT˟[MOyM\M I WITQ ZQ][ZMb[QUJ˟TI[bIJILXT]ZnTQ[u[LMUWSZIQS][ Z[ILITWUJI^IT~nUMVMMu[Sb[ KuTR]S^WTIUWLMZVLMUWSZIQS][^QTnOPWbZuV˟K[ITISWbn[ )PnZWUWZ[bnOTMONMT[˟JJ[bQV͒SuX^Q[MT˟QIb!!NMJZ]nZ QK[K[ITnTSWb~VMTNWOILW\ -Oa\U͒SLu[Q6aQTISWbI]SJIVNWOTIT S[[bMWZ[bnOIQSSb[XWTQQSIQu[OIbLI[nOQZMS^u[MQ u[ IbWV [bnVLuS]SI PWOa MOaJMPIVOWTRnS I >IZ[~Q ;bMZb˟Lu[ IUMTaVMS I K[IXIIQ IbIbI[bW^RMSIWVnSUuOMZTMVSVIZ~bSWLISNT[bnUWTn[nZIQZnVa]T~XWTQQSnR]SI )LWS]UMV]UZObyM\MIPnZWUWZ[bnOR^MbMu[uVMSZuO~I^ITTW\MT^MQXWTQQSIQu[
OIbLI[nOQ ZMS^u[MQ PWOa KuTR]S ÊI WITQ ZQ][ ZMVL[bMZ Z[ILITUQ OIbLI[nOQ u[ [bMTTMUQ UMORMTMVu[QNWZUnQVISNMT[bnUWTn[IºIXIZTIUMVQLMUWSZnKQIu[IRWOnTTIU^ITIUQVISWZ[bMZ͒XQIKOIbLI[nOSQuXyu[Mu[PWOaUQVuTPIUIZIJJu[MTRM[MJJUuZuSJMVZu[b^MOaMVMS IbM]Z~XIQQVMOZnKQ~JIV2MTMV˟[^WTIVVISPIVO[TaWbn[IÊPWOaIVMUbMQMVQSIQ^ITTn[Q u[VaMT^QSQ[MJJ[uOMSVMSIbM]Z~XIQPIOaWUnVaW[uZuSMSVMSUMONMTMT˟MVIbMUJMZQRWOWSZ~T [b~T~VMUbMSbQLWS]UMV]UWSSIT[[bPIVOJIVIb[[bM[RWOWSIuT^MbVQSSMTTIXWTQQSIQ Z[ILITUQOIbLI[nOQu[S]T]ZnTQ[uTM^ITIUQVIbWSI [MZTMMQQ[JMTMuZ^Mº-TSMTMbSUIO]VSIÊIPMTaQIZMOQWVnTQ[u[VMUbMQSb[[uOMSQZnVWTMZnV[IOa͒TTM\˟TIVIKQWVITQbU][~TI`MVWN~JQn~TQTTM^MI[bWU[buLWSSIT^IT~^Q[bnTaSWLn[~TUMVM[º Z[ILITWUUMTTM\/aISWZTIQTuXu[SuVRMTTuSUMOIJQbWV[nOZ~TNWTaIW\SWVb]T KQ~SIIXQIKQ ITIX OIbLI[nOQ MOa\U͒SLu[ Ib u[bISLuTQ QZnVa SbTMSMLu[Q
QVNZI[]SZI NMRTM[bu[u )bnTTIUu[SWZUnVaN˟SnTITITnyZmVVMXuTaM[6aQTISWbIZUUMTnTTIXyW\IUMOPWOa ÊVMUbMMQVSZuVMTUQMOa^uIZWbn[nVIS]LIIu[QOuVaMQUUnZISILnTaITIV]Tu[VuXMQVS Polgári Szemle · 19. évfolyam 1–3 szám ^IT~[nOW[uZLMSMQ^MT[[bPIVOJIVVaQT^nV]TPIUMOIXWTQQSIQISIZITMOUIOI[IJJ[bQVRuVº2 !!JIV +[MP[bTW^nSQI SM\u[bISILn[n^IT ^nT VuOaIO^n I >Q[MOZnLQ -Oa\U͒SLu[ )K[WXWZWMZMLMQTMO^Q[MOZnLQPnZUISVISPy^ SLMI+[MP[bTW^nS;b^M[uOQ3b Z[I[nO !!I[SM\u^nTn[nS^M˟MV^Q[MOZnLQVuOaMSZ˟TJM[buTVS)bMOa\U͒SLu[UQVLIVuOa IOnTTIUI UnR][RuVK[ITISWbW\Ib-]Z~XIQ=VQ~PWb )b MOaSWZQ +[MP[bTW^nSQI 4MVOaMTWZ[bnO u[ 5IOaIZWZ[bnO !! MTMRuV SMbLM\ ZOaITn[WSJI .˟ KuTR]S Ib WZW[bWS~T ^IT~ NOOu[ VuTSTQ [bIJIL MOa\U͒SLu[ ^WT ) SIXK[WTI VSuVM[ITIXWVu[ZuVMTUQPIOaWUnVaWSZIuXT)VITT2~b[MN UIOaIZUQVQ[bMZMTVSI
^Q[MOZnLQ^nZJIPy^IUMOIUn[QSSuWZ[bnO^MbM˟Ru)bISSWZUuOPnZWUWZ[bnOW[[bMNWO~ >I[MOa\U͒SLu[MT[˟XnZu^MZMVLSy^TISy^u[[QSMZM[QL˟[bIS^WT*MMTRM[yM\uSIbMOaQS TMONWVW[IJJKuTR]SIIbMOaSWZQ[bW^RMSWUU]VQ[IJQZWLITWUnTIT^MbuZMTXWTQQSIQSIWVIQ u[OIbLI[nOQMOa\U͒SLu[QZMVL[bMZVMSINMT[bnUWTn[n-JJMVVIOa[bMZMXM^WTIUIOaIZ SWZUnVaN˟VMS>uOMZMLUuVaJMVI^I[NOOVa[buM[u[u^MTMTQVL]TOMWXWTQQSIQNWTaIUI[bQUJWTQS][IV I ^Q[MOZnLQ NWTaIUI\IT bnZ]T TM MbbMT I >Q[MOZnLQ +[WXWZ ZMOQWVnTQ[ UWLMTTSuV [bWTOnTPIW\Su[˟JJQMSJMVIMTRM[XW[b[bWKQITQ[I JWZJIVQ[ )bMOu[buZ[uOJ˟TI^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSRnZISIbuTMVIbM]Z~XIQQVMOZnKQ~[NWTaIUIWSJIV Q[j^MSSMTUMOMT˟buSIJJQMSMIVa]OIM]Z~XIQu[Ibu[bISITIVQQVMOZnKQ~JIV)>IS UnZ!!JMVITnyZ SI3buX-]Z~XIQ;bIJILSMZM[SMLMTUQ-OaMbUuVa+-.<)Q[+[MPWZ[bnO4MVOaMTWZ[bnOu[5IOaIZWZ[bnOMT[˟RMTMV˟[ZMVL[bMZ^nT [] VQSb[XWTQQSIQ[QSMZM
PWOa!!!JMVI6)<7PWbQ[K[ITISWbPI\IS>uOQOMbIPnZWUWZ[bnO^WTITMOM[uTaM[MJJ I^nZ^I^nZ]VQ~[K[ITISWbn[ZIQ[u[K[ISIb-]Z~XIQ=VQ~VUTW\PWOa^uOTMOa[bMZZMMOa [WSSITVIOaWJJWZ[bnOK[WXWZWQVMOZnTIS )b MOa\U͒SLu[ MT[˟ [QSMZM[ XnZ u^u +[MP[bTW^nSQI SM\u^nTn[I ISI[bW\I UMO -b Ib nITIS]Tn[UMOOaMVOyM\MIbWZ[bnOWSSb\QMOa\U͒SLu[IbRVnTT~[bTW^nSXWTQQSII 5MȔQIZSWZUnVa NWZL]TI ^IT )b WZ[bnO STXWTQQSnRI RMTTMUb˟MV I SQbnZ~TIOW[ u[bISITIVQ MTSMTMb˟Lu[PMTaM\SMTMQQZnVaJIVaQW\-JJMV^nTWbn[K[ISIb!! I[PnZWUWTLITJ]LIXM[QK[K[ITnTSWb~PWbW\-b^nTNWZL]T~XWV\nI>Q[MOZnLQ+[WXWZZuVMuJMVUQ^MTNuT u^QbMLLMTSu[˟JJUMO^IT~[]TIK[WXWZMOaQSN˟KuTSQ͒bu[Mu[^uOTPIUn[QSWZ[bnOOITMOa\ K[ITISWbPI\ISIb=VQ~PWb ) > 1 ; - / : Î , 1 - / A m < < 5 ͑ 3l , j ; 37 0 j B 1 Õ 2 ) )>Q[MOZnLQ+[WXWZMOa\U͒SLu[uVMSUuOQ[ITMOMZMLUuVaM[MJJQL˟[bISnI] VQ
PW[[b u^QbMLM IZPIR]S IUQSWZ I ZuOQ~ WZ[bnOIQ MOaZM JJ MZTMMV UuTayM\uS MT Ib MOa\U͒SLu[6MUK[ISISTI[[bQS][S]T]ZnTQ[OIbLI[nOQSIXK[WTIWSMZ˟[LMSUMOPIVMUIM[u^MSSbMXuVSQJWVISWb~UQOZnKQ~[^nT[nOPI [nZIUnZITMZVIy^XWTQQSIQ álláspontot kezdtek megfogalmazni a nyugati államokkal szemben is. Az egységes fellépés a SWZUnVa^nT [WS~TNOOMTMVT[bQVuVUMOUIZILu^MSQOIUQMOaRJTWSSUMOMZ˟[Lu[uhez vezetett az Unióban. )ZuOQ~VISPW[[bQLMRMVMU^WTTMPM˟[uOMPWOa[IRnMTPI ZWbn[J~TIbQVMOZnKQ~NMTu PITILRWVu[VnTT~LVu[QKMV]UUn^nTRWV)>Q[MOZnLQ+[WXWZIbWVJIVMbMVIMZTMMV Q[[QSMZM[[u^nTIb]VQ~[K[ITISWbn[[ITPQ[bMVISb[PIOaWUnVaWSXWTQQSIQu[OIbLI[nOQ 281 Rada Péter – Vass László – Izmindi Richárd: A visegrádi szimbolikus közpolitika. U͒SLu[QMT^MSMOaPI[WVT~uZLMSu[uZuSSb[[uOMPWbISTuM-bI[IRnM[bUMZMVL[bMZ
MOa[bMZ͒MVvisegrádiOWVLWTIVISVM^MbbS0QnJIMZ˟[L\Tn^nVaW[IVISIXK[WTIIuZ[uO WZ[bnOIQSb\MOaZMJJNM[bT[uO^WTIXI[bITPI~Ib]~JJQu^MSJMVSb\S;bTW^nSQIMOaMLTQM]Z~^MbMQIOnTTIUSuVMZUu[bMM[U~LWV[bWZW[IJJ^Q[bWVanXWTIb^MbM IOnTTIUIQ^IT^Q[[bINWOW\IJJnTTn[XWVRMTTMUMbMISnZIUQOZnKQ~M[MuJMVQ[IUIOaIZTMVOaMT MVOMTaPMb SuXM[ BIRW[ SWVÆQS][ ^WT +[MPWZ[bnO u[ 4MVOaMTWZ[bnO Sb\ I ]Z~ Q [buVJnVaISZTQ^QIQ[3WZnJJIVUQVLSuWZ[bnOSQnTTISnZIb-=^IT[bMUJMVQ[I[buVJnVan[bINMRTM[bu[MUMTTM\UuOQ[ISuNuTSb\ITMVOaMTJnVaIUQI\NM[bTTM\I^Q[bWVa MOaR~QLMQO;bISnTVu;bIJ~5QVLMbMVJMT[˟^Q SMTTMVuZM[WSnQOMOa\UWbOW\I ZuOQ~u[MbIbMOa[uOMOu[bMVIbWZW[b]SZnVPnJWZM[SQZWJJIVn[nQOIZW\-SSWZ MOauZMTU͒^u^nTPWOaVQVK[UnZMTRM[[[bPIVOIVuOanTTIUSb\IOMWXWTQQSIQWZQMV KQ~MSQVMuJMVu[IUIOaIZSWZUnVaIJJQ^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOOIT[bMUJMVVnTT~WVRnZ )
VIXRIQVSZI SQITIS]T PMTabM SM\˟[ ) M[ u^MS I uZ[uO MOa\U͒SLu[uVMS TMO[QSMZM[MJJu^QbMLM^WTJJWSJ~TQ[-OaZu[bPW[[bQLMQOQLMWT~OQIQ[bMUXWVJ~TR~SIXK[WTIWSSIT ZMVLMTSMb˟ SWZUnVaWS ^MbM\uS MbMSM Ib WZ[bnOWSI 5n[Zu[b Ib WTaIV Sb[ SQPy^n[WSUQVIVMUbMSbQUQOZnKQ~[NWTaIUIWS^IOaIRnZ^nVaPMTabMu[IVVISSMbMTu[M UuOSbMTMJJPWb SI^Q[MOZnLQISI-VVMSPI [nZII MSMOaZM[bWZW[IJJSMZMMSZMVL[bMZM[MJJITnTSWb~SSb\U͒SLMSPI[WVT~IVUn[]VQ~[QTTM^MSbuXM]Z~XIQZMOQWVnTQ[ MOa\U͒SLu[MSPMb)bMTuZ˟STXWTQQSIQnTTn[XWVWS^Q[bWVISWZnJJQISVnTUuTaMJJrésvonalakat jeleznek Magyarország és a több visegrádi ország között. )>Q[MOZnLQ+[WXWZI^IT~JIVQOIbIbÊMOa[uOI[WSNuTM[uOJMVºM]Z~XIQITIXuZuS)TIX^M˟MVPISZQQS][IJJNWZUnJIVQ[UuOQ[UQVL^uOQO-]Z~XIXnZQu[Ibj[bIS)TIVQSIXK[WTIWSQZnVMTSMTMbM\UIZILIZuOQ~-SbJMVIK[WXWZIORIQMOauVQuZLMSMSMS^M˟
[IRnW[XWTQQSnSuX^Q[MTVMSIPWTUMOUIZILVISI^uTMUuVaSTVJ[uOMSIUQUuO[MUPnnTIRIISWPubQ~R]SIPIVMUXWVIZ]OITUI[[nOIbMOa\U͒SLu[SMZ˟[[uOM)> MS ZMVL[bMZM[yM\SQ[K[K[ITnTSWb~Q[MOyM\uS[WS[bWZISb[nTTn[XWVUMONWOITUIbn[njXXMVI[bMZ^MbMQUMOSu[MSPQnVaIJQbW[yW\IPWOaIJMT[˟^Q SVMPnnTI[[nSIbMOa\U͒SLu[TuVaMOu;bISnTVu;bIJ~-bI[bQUJWTQS][RMTTMO͒XWTQQbnTn[MZ˟[yM\MUMO I>Q[MOZnLQ+[WXWZWIb]~JJQQL˟[bISJIV 4nPI~PWOa[WSVMPub[uORMTTMUbQUuOI^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSU͒SLu[uLMMOaZMQVSnJJMOaMVZIVOXIZVMZSuV]LIS^Q[MTSMLVQ^Q [SuZLu[MSJMVIb=VQ~^MbM˟WZ[bnOIQ^IT[bMUJMVQ[IbMTUTu^QbMLJMV5QSbJMVIK[WXWZIORIQ^MZ[MVOMVMSMOaUn[[ITu[I SWVÆQS][WS[MU[b͒VVMSUMOSb\SVUIOnJIVIbMOa\U͒SLu[˟TLMuXXMbILRII SIXK[WTI]S[QSMZuVMS[XMKQnTQ[RMTTMOu)JMT[˟SQPy^n[WSUMTTM\ST[˟VaWUn[Q[VMPMbyQI
ZuOQ~MOa[uOM[[uOu5IKZWVMTVS[uOuZMRMTTMUb˟PWOa.ZIVKQIWZ[bnONWTaIUIW[IVQOaMSMbM\;bTW^nSQnVISu[ISnZ+[MPWZ[bnOVISQ[IK[WXWZUn[QSSuIORnZ~TZuV˟TM^nTI[b [nZI )SQPy^n[WSMTTMVuZMOIbLI[nOQ[bMUXWVJ~TUuOQ[MOaZMMZ˟[MJJIZuOQ~)bMZ˟SbXWVWS TI[[IV LM MOaZM SMTMMJJZM WT~LVIS IUQ V^MTQ I Sb[ [QSMZMS TMPM˟[uOu I >Q[MOZnLQIS [bnUnZIQ[;bISnTVu;bIJ~ )R^˟SQPy^n[ITMPMPWOaIK[WXWZIORIQSb\QSWPubQ~UMOUIZILRWV^IOaISnZNTLZIRbQTIOQ[nITIS]TRWVIbMOa\U͒SLu[)ZuOQ~[bWU[buL[nOnJIVbIRT~PnJWZ[SWVÆQS][ MOauZMTU͒MVNMTSI^IZIIbnTT~^QbMIb-]Z~XIQ=VQ~SMTMQWZ[bnOIQVISSIXK[WTI JIVIUQ 282 Polgári Szemle · 19. évfolyam 1–3 szám PW[[bIJJ ^WVIOMWXWTQQSIQuZLMS^Q[bWVaWSnMVLMb˟Lu[u^MTQ[MOa\RnZPI ) > 1 ; - / : Î , 1 + ; 7 8 7 :< j ; ; B j 4 - ; - * : - / 1 7 6 Î 4 1 ; - / A m < < 5 ͑ 3l , j ; 1 formák
)>Q[MOZnLQ+[WXWZUMTTM\[bnUW[MTuZ˟yX][SWWXMZnKQ~[[bMZ^MbMQ[U͒SLQSUuOIb -]Z~XIQ=VQ~VJMTT0I[WVT~WZ[bnOPI ZWSWVny^MT˟[[bMNWOn[XuTLn]TIbj[bISQ<IVnK[ I*ITQnTTIUWS3bOa͒Tu[M^IOauXXMVIbj[bISQITQ6aWTKISK[WXWZW[]Tn[IQ[;bISnTVu ;bIJ~1TaMVyX][MOa\U͒SLu[QNWZUITM\IÊ> ºIPW^IIZWbQSUuO4M\WZ[bnO4Q^nVQIj[bWZ[bnO;bTW^uVQI0WZ^nWZ[bnO:WUnVQIu[*]TOnZQI5MOMUTyMVL˟I Ê> u[3MTMQ8IZVMZ[uOºSIXK[WTIQ[IPWTISMTMQXIZVMZ[uO-=VSy^TQIORIQ^ITU͒SLVMSMOa\^IOaIÊ> ^ITIUQVu[bISQu[JITQWZ[bnOWSºSWWXMZnKQ~RI-bMSINWTaIUIWS^MbM\MSIb)LZQIQ*ITQu[.MSMMMVOMZSb\NMS^˟)][bQnQ[UIOnJINWOTIT~[[bM[MV ]VQ~[WZ[bnOWnTMT˟0nZWU<MVOMZ3MbLMUuVaMbu[TuMR\uPMbQ[IUMTaIR^˟JMVMOaZM NWVW[IJJZMOQWVnTQ[K[WXWZQ[TMPMu[IUQVMSSbXWVRnJIVI^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSnTTVIS*nZ
IbMOa\U͒SLu[R^˟RMIVMUbMSbQXWTQQSIQPMTabM\˟TI^QTnOOIbLI[nO^nTWbn[IQ~Tu[I >Q[MOZnLQ+[WXWZMOaM[IORIQVISJMTXWTQQSIQPMTabMu˟TQ[NOOPMZuVMTUQ[bMUXWVJ~T ^nZPI~IVMOaZMNWVW[IJJMZ˟^u^nTVIS-]Z~XnJIV7ZJnV )SbuXM]Z~XIQQLMVQ [UMOPI ZWb~uVaMb˟Ru^u^nTISI^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSIZMVL[bMZ^nT [~IMTMTPnZWUu^QbMLITI\)bMZMLMQTMOSQ͒b\[IuOQIQKuTWSMTuZu[M] VI ^Q[MOZnLQISMOaZMJJMZTMMVu[NWZUnJIVNWOVIS[[bM)VMPub[uOMSMTTMVuZMQ[TnPI~ PWOa SWUWTa TMPM˟[uO ZMRTQS Ib VSuV [bMZ^Mb˟L˟ QVNWZUnTQ[ SWWXMZnKQ~JIV I ZuOQ~ [bnUnZI ;bnUW[ uVaMb˟ NWZUnTI I >Q[MOZnLQ -Oa\U͒SLu[ UQZM ISnZ Ib =VQ~V JMTT Q[ PI ZWbW\^nTWbI [ZISuXM[MZ˟^u]LW\^nTVQ;bISnTVu;bIJ~ )bMOaSWZWVS^nbQÊ[QVOTMQ[[]Mº[bMZ^MbMSuVU͒SL˟^Q[MOZnLQISPIUIZMTuZuSITMON˟JJ KuTSQ͒bu[SM [bW^RM yX][ MOa\U͒SLu[Q ZMVL[bMZ NMT[bnUWTn[n u[ I Va]OIQ
QVMOZnKQ~)bMOa\U͒SLu[^Q[bWVVMUPITMTPIVMUMOaZM[buTM[MJJMZTMMSZMMZRML nIb[[bMNWOn[)UMZM^[]SZnSPMTaM\IZ]OITUI[[nO]SZu^uV]LISMTuZVQ[QSMZMSM )uZ[uOJMVXMLQOVMUUIZILISMOaMLTPIVMUuZMbPM˟MVV˟IbQOuVaUn[WZ[bnOWSSIT WZ[bnOK[WXWZWSSITZuV˟UuTaMJJMOa\U͒SLu[ZMQ[-bTn[b~LQSIJITQIb]VQ~[JITSnVQ nTTIUWSSITZuV˟MZ˟[L˟SIXK[WTIWSJIVQTTM^MI^Q[MOZnLQISnTITMZ˟[MVXZMNMZnTVa]OIJITSnVQJ˟^yu[SuZLu[uJMVQ[ a s z i m b o l i k u s kö z P o l i T i k a m e g j e l e n é s e a r e g i o n á l i s - / A m < < 5 ͑ 3l , j ; * - 6 A szimbolikusSbXWTQQSI4M[MZMIT"!VMUSyVnTISbXWTQQSIQuZJMVSb^MTMVT R~TuQMT˟VaSMMOaM[ Z[ILITUQK[WXWZWSVISSWVSZu Z[ILITUQXZWJTuUnSUMOWTLn[n MTRnZn[WS [bIJnTaWbn[nVIS UMO^nTWbI [n PIVMU WTaIV Z[ILITUQ uZuSMS SuX^Q[MTMu nTTyRIISWZUnVabIQXWTQQSIN~S][bnJIIUMTaMSMZ˟[yQSI
Z[ILITUQSWPubQ~SQJWVISWbIRnSISb[[uOQUWQ^nKQ~MbMSVMSIbuZuSMSVMSIbuZ^uVaM[yu[uZMu[IbMbMSMIb uZuSMSM UMOM[M[y˟ SWZUnVabIQ K[MTMS^u[ UWOI [nZI u[ S^Mu[uZM ) [bQUJWTQS][ SbXWTQQSIRMTTMUb˟MVXWTQQSIQRMTMV˟[uOOMTJyZUQ^MTISWZUnVaWS^IOaUn[XWTQQSIQ[bM- Rada Péter – Vass László – Izmindi Richárd: A visegrádi szimbolikus közpolitika. ZMXT˟SMbIbM[bSbPI[bVnTRnSIVVISuZLMSuJMVPWOa[IRnXWTQQSIQVubMMQSMuZuSMQSM u[XZQWZQ [IQSIPIVO[TaWbbnS^IOauXXMVMTTMVuMTMbbuSIbMTTMVbuSnTITSuX^Q[MTnTTn[XWVWSI=OaIVISSWZI[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSIPI [ITMPMSWZTnWbW\UQ^MTIbWSVMU UQVLQO^MbMVMSSWVSZuK[MTMS^u[PMb^IOa^nTWbn[WSPWbI^IT~[nOJIV )> WZ[bnOWSKuTRIIbMOa\U͒SLu[UMOMZ˟[yu[MIOIbLI[nOQXWTQQSIQu[S]T]ZnTQ[ MZTMMSMV^ITIUQVISb[uZLMSMSSuX^Q[MTMMIb-]Z~XIQ=VQ~JIVu[IVMUbMSbQ XWTQQSnJIV)Ê> ºWZ[bnOWSSb[[uOuVMSIZQS]TnKQ~RIUQV[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSII
Sb[uZuSMSu[ISb[KuTWSUMOMZ˟[yu[MUIOIIbMOa\U͒SLu[IbWVJIVVMUK[IS [bQUJWTQS][uZuSMSMPIVMUOIbLI[nOQu[XWTQQSIQMT˟VaSMQ[PWZLWb)bMOa\U͒SLu[MZ˟[yQISbuXM]Z~XIQZuOQ~u[IbWVJMTTIIOWZ[bnOWSIQ[)bMOa\U͒SLu[I S]T]ZnTQ[MZTMMVQ[UMOU]ISWbQSXuTLn]TISb[ZuVMTUQMUTuSMbMIbWSI [u[ a kutatás terén. )^WTSWUU]VQ[IUJÊuTTW^I[IQºSb[MVuZuSMTI Z[]Tn[QMOaMbUuVaITnyZn[n Ib-]Z~XIQ3b[[uOOMT!!LMKMUJMZ nVUIRL!!JMVTuMPWb S[IRn[bIJILSMZM[SMLMTUQ^MbMSMI+-.<)j^MSMVnMOa\uZ^MTMSIJQbWV[nO]SI[bI^IWT~ 6)<7IO[nOuZ IUQ !!! UnZKQ][ uV UMO Q[ ^IT~[]T ;bTW^nSQI 5MKQIZ SWZnJJQ UQVQ[bMZMTVSXWTQQSnRIUQI\Su[˟JJ]LW\K[ITISWbVQ)b-=IO[nOWMT˟Su[by˟ ZOaITn[WSISMbLMJMV]OaIVK[ISMOaUn[[ITMOaMbM^MNWTaI\nS )> MOa\U͒SLu[UQV[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSIVMUK[ISIZuOQ~JIVPIVMUIb -]Z~XIQ=VQ~JIVu[IVMUbMSbQXWTQQSnJIVQ[PI
[]LOaISWZWTVQ)> WZ[bnOWS Sb[NMTTuXu[MIVMUbMSbQ[byVuZMVVaQT^nVVIOaWJJ[TTaITJyZUQVIbMOaM[WZ[bnOWS MOauVQNMTTuXu[M)> UQV[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSIWTaIVuZuSMSMU]INMTIUMTaMS nTITnJIVISb[ZuVMTUQS]T]ZnTQ[u[OIbLI[nOQPIOaWUnVaWSIPIVO[TaWbbnS8uTLn]TI> MSnTITnJIVSb[MVnTTVISSQIUQOZnKQ~MTTMVu[PIVO[TaWbbnSIVMUbM TTIUWSNWVW[[nOnu[[b]^MZMVQ [n-bMVSy^TI> M[WZ[bnOWSJIVQ[^IVVISWTaIV [bQUJWTQS][K[MTMS^u[MSIUMTaMSKuTRIIVMUbMQQLMVQ [^IOauZuSMSMZ˟[yu[MXuTLn]T IVMUbMQVVMXMSu[MUTuSVIXWSUMOVVMXTu[M 2M[bMV[bSa /ubI ^WT UIOaIZ STOaUQVQ[bMZ I > TuMR\M QLMRuV PIVO[TaWbbI PWOa3buX-]Z~XIMOa[uOMSTV[MVIS]TZnJIVJWVISWbW\SQu[ITSWW\[WSUIZILIVL~ -b PIuSWVaIV ˟ZbQ u[ MZ˟[yQ XuTLn]T I UMOXnTanbPI~ XuVbMSJ˟T U͒SL˟ Sb[XZWOZIUWSSITIUQVLQ[UMZMJJu[VuX[bMZ͒JJ>Q[MOZnL)TIX>Q[MOZnLR~XuTLI
XWbQy^UQVITMPMUn[MOaUn[[IT[bWU[buLW[LMMOaUn[[IT^MuTSML˟ISnZSWVÆQS][W[ ^Q[bWVaJIVTu^˟WZ[bnOK[WXWZWS[bnUnZIQ[ .WVW[IbWVJIVUMORMOaMbVQPWOaI> VMUK[IS[bQUJWTQS][RMTMV˟[uOOMTJyZPIVMUIbu[bISSMTMM]Z~XIQZuOQ~OIbLI[nOQu[XWTQQSIQMOa\U͒SLu[uVMSNWVW[uVaMb˟RMQ[)> MSSb[[bMZ^MbMMQu[XZWRMSRMQXuTLn]TISbTMSMLu[Qu[MVMZOQIQVNZI[]SZINMRTM[bu[MPIuSWVaIJJOIbLI[nOQMOa\U͒SLu[u[XWTQQSIQXnZJM[buLMM[bVMS TMPM˟^uIbuZQVM\WZ[bnOWSSb\ 284 Polgári Szemle · 19. évfolyam 1–3 szám összegzés )bM]ZWITIVQ[b^M[uOQZMVL[bMZJM^IT~QVMOZnT~Ln[KuTRIUMOSuZL˟RMTMbPMMTMV^WTu[ IVVIS[QSMZMQ[^Q VNMTTnTT=OaIVISSWZMTSMTTQ[UMZVQPWOaIRnuS[bIJnTaWSIIb-= JIVu[I6)<7JIVVuTSTVSITISyW\nSSQu[IMTRM[RWOIO[nOMTuZu[M] VQ[QVLWSWTPI~PQnVauZbMUIZILI^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSJIV"I[b^M[uONMTuMTVuTSTQQOIbWLn[
^nZMTSQQVL]Tn[QITIXSuVu[IVMUUQVLQO^WTJMNWOIL~IuZ[uOVSJMVUMONWOITUIbW\ NMVVIZ [WSMSQVMuJMV<MZUu[bMM[MVIbM]ZWITIVQQVMOZnKQ~VISVQVK[MVITMZVIy^nRIu[I^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWS·JnZUQTaMVMbbMTMTTMVuM[PQMLMTMUUMT[bMUJMV·MOauZMTU͒MVXZW6)<7u[XZW-=XWTQQSnNWTaIVIS )R^˟SQPy^n[ITMPMPWOaIK[WXWZIORIQSb\QSWPubQ~UMOUIZILRWV^IOaISnZ NTLZIRbQTIO Q[ nITIS]TRWV Ib MOa\U͒SLu[ ) ZuOQ~ [bWU[buL[nOnJIV bIRT~ PnJWZ[ SWVÆQS][MOauZMTU͒MVNMTSI^IZIIbnTT~^QbMIb-]Z~XIQ=VQ~SMTMQWZ[bnOIQVISSIXK[WTI JIVIUQPW[[bIJJ ^WVIOMWXWTQQSIQuZLMS^Q[bWVaWSnMVLMb˟Lu[u^MTQ[MOa\ járhat. )> MOa\U͒SLu[UQV[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSIVMUK[ISIZuOQ~JIVPIVMUIb -]Z~XIQ=VQ~JIVu[IVMUbMSbQXWTQQSnJIVQ[PI []LOaISWZWTVQ)> WZ[bnOWS Sb[NMTTuXu[MIVMUbMSbQ[byVuZMVVaQT^nVVIOaWJJ[TTaITJyZUQVIbMOaM[WZ[bnOWS
MOauVQNMTTuXu[M)> UQV[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSIWTaIVuZuSMSMU]INMTIUMTaMS nTITnJIVISb[ZuVMTUQS]T]ZnTQ[u[OIbLI[nOQPIOaWUnVaWSIPIVO[TaWbbnS 5QVLMbMSMVSMZM[bTXMLQOPIbnVSu[IZuOQ~WZ[bnOIQ·UuOPIK[ISQVLQZMSU~LWV·JMNWTan[[ITTMPMVMSITQJMZnTQ[^QTnOZMVLVIXQZMVLRuZMIb-=u[I6)<7IO[nOWV SMZM[bT)> ^QIPIITIV]TITQJMZnTQ[^QTnOZMVLUIORnPWbIZWbQSyOaVMUK[IS[bQUJWTQS][IV^IVRMTMV˟[uOMPWOaMbIZMVLUQTaMVQZnVaJIVNMRT˟LQS jegyzeTek 1 2 4n[LIUIOaIZUQVQ[bMZMTVS[IuOQIQKuTSQ͒bu[u8T=:4"P\X[" ^OP]^QTIOOIbLI[IOUIOaIZOIbLI[IOZMOQWVITQ[SWbMXPIITWUSMVTIRIUIOaIZWZ[bIORW^WRMWZJIV^QSWZ 4n[L" P\X["IVITTRWb[MNQOaWZMVP][bWTOITIJIVSWZUIVaNWSMVS]TM[VMUbMXWTQQSIMOaMJS]TXWTQQSIQQZI[WS IVITTRWb[MNI^Q[MOZILQMOa]\U]SWLM[TMMPWbWRITMT^M
-bbMTIUMORMOabu[[MTJQbWVanZI[WSIVI]WUIQS][IV^QISWbVQNWOVISLMI^IT~LQXWTQQSIQOIbLI[nOQM\MSM u[LVu[MSMuZuSMTRS1TTM^M^MOaSÅOaMTMUJMPWOaISZQQSIVMUNMTuTMVTMOaMVT˟I[bSMXQKQbU][[ITu[ ISb^uTMUuVaS]I [WSQ[MOauZMTU͒MVJQbWVayRnSI6)<7u[Ib-=VuX[bMZ͒[uOuIUMTaMISWZUnVaWS MOauJSuV[MUPIOaPIVnVISÅOaMTUMVSy^T4n[LZu[bTMM[MJJMVI6ub˟XWV1VubMSTVJb˟uUn^ITSIXK[WTIW[NMTUuZu[MQ f e l h a s z n á lT i ro Da l o m ,WaTM5QKPIMT! "4QJMZITQ[UIVL?WZTL8WTQQK[American Political Science Review !W 1SMVJMZZa2WPV/")?WZTL;INMNWZ,MUWKZIKa6M 0I^MV"AITM=VQ^MZ[Qa8ZM[[ 3IOIV:WJMZ"A dzsungel visszavág*]LIXM[")2<3 285 Rada Péter – Vass László – Izmindi Richárd: A visegrádi szimbolikus közpolitika. 3MWPIVM :WJMZ ! " )NMZ 0MOMUWVa" +WWXMZIQWV IVL ,Q[KWZL QV PM ?WZTL 8WTQQKIT -KWVWUa 8ZQVKMWV"
8ZQVKMWV University Press 2IUM[84M[MZ·2W[MXP;M IZ"8]JTQK8WTQKa)V-^WT]QWVIZa)XXZWIKP?IL[ WZP"<PWU[WV4MIZVQVO 5IZWV 8uMZ· *ITWOP 1[^nV · :ILI Péter " QbWV[nOQ IV]TUnVaWS" ÙR NWOITUQ SMZMMS u[ IV]T[nOWS I ^Q[MOZnLQ WZ[bnOWS[bnUnZI*]LIXM[")VITT2~b[MN <]Ln[SbXWV 5MIZ[PMQUMZ2WPV2 "<PM/ZMI,MT][QWV6M 0I^MV"AITM=VQ^MZ[Qa8ZM[[ 6ub˟XWV1VubM!I"ÙRIJJSb[XWV"UQVLMV^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOZIOI[bSWLQSI6)<7PWb0WbbnNuZu["P\X["VMbWXWVP]]RIJJSWbW[XWVUQVLMV^Q[MOZILQWZ[bIOZIOI[bSWLQSIVIWPWb 6ub˟XWV1VubM!J">Q[MOZnLQQLMVQ [>ybQ~^IOa^IT~[nO'0WbbnNuZu["P\X["VMbWXWVP] XKWVMV]XTWIL[> GIV]TU + )VaG!GNZQ[[XLN 7ZJnV <IUn[ " <PQZa aMIZ[ WN >Q[MOZIL ;]UUQ[ UMMQVO[ IVL PMUM[ WN I +MVIT -]ZWXMIV KWWXMZIQWV *]LIXM[" ,IV]JM1V[Q]M
:ILI8uMZ"aMIZ[WN >Q[MOZIL+WWXMZIQWVIVLPM<ZIV[ITIVQK:MTIQWV[º*Qb8WT)ٺIQZ[>WT!6W W ;bISnTVu;bIJ~BQI"0IZUQVKu^MISb[WV·)>Q[MOZnLQ6uOaMSMOa\U͒SLu[uVMSXWTQQSIQNMRT˟Lu[Q y^MISMbLMMS˟TVIXRIQVSQO3TOaQ5͒PMTa[b ;b͒K[2MV˟! ">nbTI-]Z~XIPnZWUZuVMQZuOQ~RnZ~T*]LIXM["5IO^M˟3QIL~ ?IT3MVVMP"<PMWZaWN 1VMZVIQWVIT8WTQQK[4WVO/ZW^M14"?I^MTIVL8ZM[[ 286
^ITIUQVPWOaUMO^Qb[OnTRIZuOQ~VSPMTauIZMOQWVnTQ[uZLMSMSuZ^uVaM[Tu[uVMSVMUbMSbQ ZMVL[bMZ[bQV͒UMORMTMVu[u)^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSUIIÊTQJMZnTQ[^QTnOZMVLºUIOMZTMuPMb IZWbVISu[]OaIVVMUSb^MTMVVIXQZMVLITSW~QIZMVLVMSLMIZMOQWVnTQ[MOa\U͒SLu[MV SMZM[bTQVLQZMSU~LWVPIVISZnXuTLn]TIb-=[LVu[PWbIITJIV^IOaIb-OaM[TÎTTIUWSPWbN͒b˟L˟SIXK[WTIWSWVSMZM[bTÑOaI^Q[MOZnLQ[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSnVIS^IT~RnJIV SQU]IPI~PI [I^IVIVMUbMSbQZMVL[bMZNMRT˟Lu[M[bMUXWVRnJ~TQ[ 3]TK[[bI^IS">Q[MOZnLQ-Oa\U͒SLu[VMUbMSbQZMVL[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSI Dr. raDa PéTerMOaMMUQLWKMV[*]LIXM[Q5MWXWTQIV-OaMMUVMUbMSbQ ZMSWZPMTaM\M[ VMUbMSbQ SIXK[WTIWS [bISuZ˟ XZILI(UMWXWTQIVP] Prof. Dr vass lászló*]LIXM[Q5MWXWTQIV-OaMMUITIXy~ZMSWZXZWNM[b[bWZMUMZQ][T^I[I(UMWXWTQIVP]Dr. izminDi riChárDMOaMMUQLWKMV[ *]LIXM[Q 5MWXWTQIV -OaMMU <nZ[ILITWU]LWUnVaWS u[ 6MUbMSbQ
<IV]TUnVaWSQVubM^MbM˟ Rada Péter – Vass László – Izmindi Richárd: A visegrádi szimbolikus közpolitika. Summary <PMZWWUNWZUIVM]^MZQV+MVIT-]ZWXM·IVLQVPQ[[]LaNWZPM>Q[MOZIL+WWXMZIQWV·N]VLIUMVITTaLMMZUQVM[PMTQUQ[WN 0]VOIZa[NWZMQOVXWTQKaWXQWV[;QVKM!! PM>Q[MOZIL+WWXMZIQWVPI[JMMVIXWQVWN ZMNMZMVKMQV0]VOIZQIVNWZMQOVXWTQKaJWPQV MZU[WN -]ZW)TIVQKQVMOZIQWVVMQOPJWZPWWLXWTQKaIVLPMXZWMKQWVWN 0]VOIZQIV UQVWZQQM[JMaWVLPMJWZLMZ[<PMXWTQQKITOMWUMaQV PQKP0]VOIZaPI[PILWVI^QOIM PI[I[XMKQÅKZMOQWVITKPIZIKMZNWZ PQKPPM>Q[MOZIL+WWXMZIQWVXZW^QLM[[WUMSQVLWN NZIUM WZSQVPMNWZUWN ¹[aUJWTQKX]JTQKXWTQKaº<PMIQUWN PQ[QVWL]KWZaKPIXMZQ[W W]TQVMPQ[ZMOQWVITKPIZIKMZIVLJIKSOZW]VLIVLWM`IUQVMPMXTIKMWN W]ZZMOQWVQVPM WZTLIVLPM IaQV PQKPZMOQWVITQVMZM[[IZMZMXZM[MVMLIPMTM^MTWN PMQVMZVIQWVIT
[a[MU<WLIaPM>Q[MOZILKW]VQM[JMTWVOWPMKWZMKW]VQM[WN PMTQJMZIT WZTLWZLMZIVLITPW]OPPMaIZMVWLQZMKIOMVLI[M\MZ[WN PMWZLMZPMaQVÆ]MVKMQQVLQZMKTa PZW]OPZMOQWVITKWWXMZIQWVNWZM`IUXTMQVPM-=LMKQ[QWVUISQVOWZPZW]OPZMOQWVIT I[ MTTI[JQTIMZITZMTIQWV[ QPPM=VQML;IM[<P][>Q[MOZIL[[aUJWTQKX]JTQKXWTQKa LWM[PI^MILMUWV[IJTMQUXIKWVPMLM^MTWXUMVWN PMQVMZVIQWVIT[a[MUM^MVQN Q Q[TQUQMLKWUXIZMLWPMQUXIKWN OZMIXW MZ[ 3Ma WZL[">Q[MOZIL+WWXMZIQWVQVMZVIQWVITWZLMZ[aUJWTQKX]JTQKXWTQKa bevezeTés )ÊTQJMZnTQ[^QTnOZMVLºZuVMTUQSQ^uMT3IOIV"!IVMUbMSbQZMVL[bMZSTI[[bQS][ 3MVVMP?ITQZMITQ[ITWOQSnRI[bMZQV?IT)TQJMZnTQ[ZMVL]OaIVVMU^nT^Ilóban egyetemesséUuOQ[SuXM[^WTUMOISILnTaWbVQPWOa! ] VVIOaPIITUQPnJWZS ZRMVMSSQ)ZMVLVMSIbMTTMVb˟QuZPM˟MVI UWOI~QXMLQOJMQ[UMZ˟MVMTQ[UMZQSIPQJnQ
LMITQJMZnTQ[OWVLWTSWL~SSQMUMTQSPWOaVQVK[MVIVVISRWJJITMZVIy^nRIIVMUbMSbQJuSM NMVVIZ [IMSQVMuJMV:WJMZ3IOIVIPQJnSNWZZn[nIJJIVTnRIPWOaIZMVL[bIJnTaWbbI IbuTM[bnUW[MZTMuLMVMU^nTWbIRIUMOIbMUJMZQMZUu[bMMu[Mb]~JJQUQI\ uZbuSMTPMRSPWOaIÊTQJMZnTQ[^QTnOZMVLºUIIZuVMTUQMZ˟SW[WUIITI\nTT)bMUJMZQ MZUu[bM VMOIy^ ]TIRLWV[nOnVIS SQPIVO[TaWbn[I MOauZMTU͒MV ZMITQ[I SQQVL]Tn[ 3IOIV M[MuJMVIZMVLSWZTnWb~MZMRuJMV^IT~PQIbWVJIVQVSnJJTQJMZnTQ[3IOIVI#3IOIV J )JJIV MOaMuZu[ ^IV Ib MTUuTMQ [bISQZWLITWUJIV PWOa I ÊTQJMZnTQ[ ^QTnOZMVLMº Ib -OaM[TÎTTIUWSMZMUM\MUMOMOaVIOaWVSTVTMOM[PIITUQSWVÅO]ZnKQ~ILITMPM˟[uOMSQPI[bVnT^I! JMVUIRLIbSQMZRM[bM\MI^WT[bWKQITQ[IWZ[bnOWSSZuZMQ[ISQS VSuV^nTTIT
SIbRZMVL[bIJnTaIQ>uO[˟[WZWVI>Q[MOZnLQ-Oa\U͒SLu[MOaQSMZMLMVL˟KuTRIQ[Ib^WTPWOaIbMVVMSIZMVLVMS[bIJnTaIQ[bMZQVU͒SL˟M]Z~XIQQVMOZnKQ~u[ 6)<7MTRM[RWOIORn^n^nTPI[[IVISI^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWS 2MTMVIV]TUnVaM[b]OaIVZuVMTUQ]ITn[WSII>Q[MOZnLQ-Oa\U͒SLu[MSQVMu- 274 Polgári Szemle · 19. évfolyam 1–3 szám JMVLM[MUUQM[MM[MUKuTRIPWOaSZWVWTWOQS][n\MSQVu[ILRWV2MTMVIV]TUnVaKuTRI QVSnJJ Ib PWOa Zn^QTnOy[WV I ÊTQJMZnTQ[ ^QTnOZMVLº [bMUXWVRnJ~T ZMTM^nV[ [[bMNOOu[MS Sb\UQITSWPIMOaWTaIVTWOQSIQu[OWVLWTIQZMVL[bMZIUMTaPIbnVSu[ZuOQ~VS[bMUXWVRnJ~TQ[ZMTM^nV[)UMONMTMT˟NWOITUISIbWVW[y [n^IT·UQV[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSI· MTUuTMQS]I [QVIXQZMVLNWZUnTPI~u[uXXMVMbuZQVSnJJUMOTMX˟PWOaMNWOITUQSMZMMS a magyar szakirodalomban hiányosak régiónk vonatkozásában. a liberális világrenD és a visegráDi országok
)VMUbMSbQSIXK[WTIWSUMOuZu[uPMbISQQVL]T~XWV·IUMTaM*]LIXM[˟TVub^MVMPub UMOSuZL˟RMTMbVQ·IPIbnVSu[ZuOQ~VS[bnUnZIuZMTUMbPM˟^QTnO)ZuOQ~u[yOa3buX-]Z~XI[bnU]VSZIMT[˟[WZJIVu[TM[b͒Sy˟MVI>Q[MOZnLQ-Oa\U͒SLu[RMTMVQ)VVISLMÅVQnTn[IPWOaXWVW[IVUQQ[RMTMV3buX-]Z~XIMOauJSuV[MUMOa[bMZ͒NMTILIUMZI NTLZIRbQXWTQQSIQOIbLI[nOQPI ZWSSQRMTTu[M[WZnVQ[IJJIIXZWJTuUnJISbVSPWOa UQSuV [b͒Sy[S TM I LMÅVyKQ~ -OauZMTU͒ PWOa I SQ[buTM[yM\ NWOITWUPI[bVnTI QVSnJJ JJUQVSM^M[MJJXZWJTuUnPWZLWbUIOnJIVU~L[bMZIVQTIOjXXMVMbuZIIV]TUnVa MT[˟[WZJIVIbMTUuTMQSQQVL]Tn[ÅOaMTMUJM^u^M[b͒Sy˟MVuZMTUMbQINWOITUIu[IbI>Q[MOZnLQ-Oa\U͒SLu[WZ[bnOIQZIPI[bVnTRI5IZWVMIT -TNWOIL^IIbIbnTTy [PWOaZMOQWVnTQ[IV^IT~JIVTuMbVMSWTaIVSIZISMZRMOaMSISTXWTQQSnJIVIUMTaMSQVSnJJI^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSZIRMTTMUb˟MSÅOaMTMUJM^M[[bSPWOaI>
JJVIOaWJJMOaUn[nNML˟ÊJQbWV[nOQSWUXTM`]UºRMTMVTWOQSIITIXRnVuZMTUMbu[QSMZM Zu[bMQ[-bMSISMZMMSSbTIb-=u[I6)<7ITMORMTMV˟[MJJMS5QVLMbMSJ˟TIS^MSMb˟ nTTy [WSS^MSMbVMSIZuOQ~VSIbIbI> u[IÊTQJMZnTQ[^QTnOZMVLº^WVISWbn[nJIVIUMTaMS ZMTM^nV[ISPIbnVS[bMUXWVRnJ~TQ[" · ZuOQ~VS^QIPIITIV]TQVubUuVaM[MVZu[bMIÊTQJMZnTQ[^QTnOZMVLVMSº# · IPIbIQu[UIRLZMOQWVnTQ[SIZISMZu[UWbOn[MZMM`WOuV módon és intézményesen ITISyRIMbIÊTQJMZnTQ[^QTnOZMVLº# · UQVLMbMS MTTMVuZM 5IOaIZWZ[bnO STXWTQQSnRnVIS ^IV [b]^MZuV UWbOn[MZM IUMTa MT[˟ SZJMV ZMOQWVnTQ[IV TMPM UMOPI ZWb~ UMZ I VMUbMQ [bQVMV SWV[]nT~L~ UIOaIZuZuSu[uZLMSPnT~Q\SMZTMT˟[bZQVMZISKQ~JISb^MTMVTUn[uZLMSMSSMT és értékekkel. )ÊTQJMZnTQ[^QTnOZMVLºMTUuTMQUMONWOITUIbn[IVMUSQ[NMTILIu[VMUQ[KuTRIRMTMVIV]TUnVaVIS ) IV[bITIVQ MOa\U͒SLu[ I ÊTQJMZnTQ[ ^QTnOZMVLMVº JMTT MOa [IRnW[
ÊTQJMZnTQ[J]JWZuSºIZMVLUIORnSuXMbQSIZu[bM[WZ[bnOWS>Q[bWVIb-OaM[TÎTTIUWS^WT MOaMLT SuXM[ Zn PWOa PMOMU~V [b]XMZPIITWUSuV Mb I ^QTnOZMVLM SQITISy[I I ;bW^RM]VQ~J]Sn[I] V)b-OaM[TÎTTIUWSZMITQ[IUIMZQnTQ[SIWVIQOIbLI[nOQu[XWTQQSIQ PIITUnVISS[bVPM˟MVSuXM[IZZIPWOaIVIXQZMVLMI[IRnVub˟XWVRI[bMUXWVRnJ~T ZOby[M5MIZ[PMQUMZ IJJQZu[b^M^˟VMSSM^M[MJJTM^MO˟u[[bIJILUWbOn[MZM PIOa^IM[MMSuVSuVa[bMZy^MQ[˟SMIUMONMTMT˟[uOZM)^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSuZbuSMTQSIÊTQJMZnTQ[ ^QTnOZMVLº nZVaWTLITIQ LM SZQQS][SuV K[IS IbuZ SuXM[MS NMTTuXVQ UMZ I J]JWZuSWVJMTT^IVVIS,QZMSVIXQZMVLITSW~MZMRSVQVK[MVLMSuXM[MSQVLQZMSU~LWVZu[b ^MVVQIVIXQZMVLMVUnZ[bMZMXT˟SuZLu[[MTSIXK[WTIW[UMOWTLn[QRI^I[TIWSJMNWTan[WTn[nJI 275 Rada Péter – Vass László – Izmindi Richárd: A visegrádi szimbolikus közpolitika.
5QVLMbK[ISISSWZQOIbPIIVIXQZMVLITSW~S·Ib-=^IOaIb-OaM[TÎTTIUWS·UMOQ[ halljákI^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSPIVORn>Q[bWVPIVQVK[MVMOa[uOM[u[SIZISMZM[PIVOISSWZ I]ZJ]TMV[ST^QTnObIRnJIVMbIbnTTn[XWVMT͒VQSu[VMUuZLMUM[IbWVK[WLnTSWbVQPWOa IuZ[uOVSVMSITSITUIbSWL~[bMZMXR])[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSIXWVIb[[bMIZWbn[I Sb[PIVOWMZ˟[yQu[M[bQTnPI~^n -TUuTMQ[bQVMVUQVLMVSuXXMVLMOaISWZTIQXWTQQSIQTuXu[MSMSQVMuJMVQ[MOaMuZPMVSPWOaTuMbQSSIZISMZM[> M[ZMOQWVnTQ[ILW\[nO5IZWVMIT IUQJMNWTan[WTRIPIbnVSu[ZuOQ~VSSTXWTQQSnRnIUMTaZMITMOVIOaWJJPI [[ITVMUUMOTMX˟U~LWVI [b^M[uOQZMVL[bMZVS^MbM˟QIb-OaM[TÎTTIUWSu[ZuOQ~VS[bMUXWVRnJ~TVMUMTPIVaIOWTPI~U~LWVIb-]Z~XIQ=VQ~nTITSQITISyW\u[S^MM\VIXQZMVLITIX^M˟JMNWTan[[IT ZMVLMTSMbQS ;bQVuV MTNWOILR]S Ib I NMTuMTMbu[ PWOa I RMTMV ^QTnOZMVL TQJMZnTQ[ u[ Ib I
TQJMZnTQ[6a]OIVIXQZMVLRuVTu^˟SuZLu[MSJMNWTan[WTRnSVMWTQJMZnTQ[UMOSbMTyu[LMPIVO[TaW[VMWZMITQ[IMTMUMSPII6)<7Q[JMTM^M[[bSIbMOaMVTMJMQTTM^MISuZLu[MSUIOn IZMVLMSZbQS^Q[[bI)6a]OI[MUMOa[uOM[UQVLMVMOaM[OaISWZTIQLVu[MSQVMuJMV5n[Zu[bZ˟T^Q[bWVMTSMTTQ[UMZVQPWOaIbITSW~MTMUMSIbIbnTTIUWSQ[PI [[IT^IVVISIZZIPWOaZMVL[bMZ[bQVMVUQTaMVSuZLu[MSSMZTVMSIVIXQZMVLZMu[S^MSMbu[SuXXMV PWOaIV^nTWbQSI^QTnOZMVL-OaMTMVXuTLnSQZIOIL^IINWTaIUI~T"PIbnVSSTXWTQQSnRn JMNWTan[WTRIIVMUbMSbQZMVLu[IVMUbMSbQM[MUuVaMSLMIbuZLMSMSMu[uZuSMSMMOa PW[[bIJJu[JMTTZ˟TuXySMb˟NWTaIUIPI ZWbbIUMOQVLQ^QL]ITQ[bQS][UMOSbMTyu[IUMTa QVSnJJSTI[[bQS][ZMITQ[I^IOaSTI[[bQS][TQJMZnTQ[#IbIbPWOaUQOWVLWT]VSIUQVSuuZ˟ SQPy^n[WSZ~T5IOaIZWZ[bnOPMTauZ˟TIVMUbMSbQZMVLJMVTn[LSbuXPIITUQ[nOKuTRIIb
MT˟[bZIZuOQ~VSJIVRMTMVQSUMOu[PIIZMOQWVnTQ[SuZLu[[XMKQÅS][SWUXTM`]UJIV^ITQLnKQ~ VaMZIXIZVMZMQVSnTITISSWZTQJMZnTQ[ZMVL[bQVRuVQ[JMNWTan[[ITTMPM5IZWVMIT ) ÊTQJMZnTQ[ ^QTnOZMVLº VMWTQJMZnTQ[ LM ISnZ QLMITQ[I Vub˟XWVJ~T 1SMVJMZZa Ib ISMZMIUMTaVMSPI ZIQNM[bMOMVQTMPMLM[TaW[IJJ^M[bM[uOMSVuTSTnTuXVQVMU) [b]^MZMVQ [IVMUbMSbQZMVL[bMZJMVVMUTMPMSWZTnTIVUMZ^IOaIVMWTQJMZnTQ[NOO˟[uOMS^IOaIVMWZMITQ[ITuTu[Q[bVUQI\UuOIVIOaPIITUIS[MUMPMVMSUMOISnZUQ >Q[bWVÊ>Q[MOZnL[bMTTMUuVMSºOWVLWTISZMVMUuZMTUMbPM˟IPIOaWUnVaW[ZMITQ[ITQJMZnTQ[TWOQSnJIV:ILI)^Q[MOZnLQK[WXWZWZ[bnOIQIORIQIb-]Z~XIQ=VQ~VISu[I 6)<7VISu[JnZSTu[JQbWV[nOXWTQQSnR]SI^ITIUQNuTMVMUbMQuZLMS^MbuZTQIPIOaWUnVaW[ STI[[bQS][ ZMITQ[IPIITWUXWTQQSIQSIMO~ZQnSSM^u[[u SuXM[MS uZMTUMbVQXWTQQSIQ
K[MTMS^u[MQSM*nZITQJMZnTQ[QV[Q]KQWVITQbU][u[MOauJTQJMZnTQ[MTUuTMMSQVMZLMXMVLMVKQI3MWPIVM! LMUWSZIQS][JuSM,WaTM! JJMTMUMQ[ZMTM^nV[I^Q[MOZnLQK[WXWZÊJQbWV[nOXWTQQSIQOaISWZTI VISºUMOuZu[uPMbPWTQ[bQS][IVMbMS[MU]LRnSI^Q[MOZnLQK[WXWZVISu[5IOaIZWZ[bnOVISIPMTabMuQTTM^MIbMTUTu^QbMLMSJMVJMRnZR]SI UMOZIOILVQ)uZ[uOWZ[bnOIQVISJQbWV[nOXWTQQSnRnK[ISQ[IUTJIVMTSuXbMTTMPM[uOM[ R^˟SSb\QZu[bJMVuZLMSITIXu[]LIW[Zu[bJMV^Q SSbMOuJMVNWZUnT~LW\Zu[bJMV XMLQOITIX^M˟uZuS^nTI[b [WSJ~Tu[ISuXbMTMSWV[]Sy^MZMRuJ˟T XTnTSWb~^nTI[b [SuV TMPMZMSWV[]nTVQ-JJ˟TI[bMUXWVJ~TuZLMSM[STV[MVPIUIOnZII>Q[MOZnLQ-Oa\U͒SLu[ZMMSQVVSSbXWTQQSISuV ![bQUJWTQS][IVQ[NWVW[u^^WT·u[I[bQUJ~T]UWSIuZ[uOVSJMVSQMUMTSML˟MV NWVW[IS·3buX-]Z~XIu[PIbnVS[bnUnZIIÊTQJMZnTQ[^QTnOZMVLJMVºUMZ!JMV5I- 276 Polgári Szemle · 19. évfolyam 1–3 szám
OaIZWZ[bnOUn[SbuXM]Z~XIQWZ[bnOWSSITMOa\VVMXMTMIZMVL[bMZ^nT [u^NWZL]T~RnI6)<7IO[nOu^NWZL]T~Rnu[Ib-=IO[nO u^NWZL]T~Rn-bMSIbM[MUuVaMS Ib MTUTPnZWU u^QbMLJMVI [IZWSXWVRn RMTMVM\uSuZ[uOVS WZ[bnOIQ STXWTQQSnRnVIS !JMVIZZ~TQ[UMOMUTuSMbVSPWOaI^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWS u^] VRZIK[ITISWbPI\IS I¹6a]OIPWbº2IT JIVZuOQ~VSNMTM\LV\MSLMZuOQ~VSSuX^Q[MT˟QVMSJM^WVn[IVuTST u[IbWZ[bnOIQVS^IT~LQ[WZ[nZIQ[SWZTnWbW\JMNWTan[]VSUIZILVuOau^QbMLMVSMZM[bT -bIbWVJIVUMO^nTWbW\! !JMV#I^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSUIIVa]OIQJQbWV[nOQIZKPQMSZnVIS u[ [b^M[uOVMS MTRM[ RWO u[ MOaMVRWO IORIQ )b M]ZWITIVQ QVMOZnKQ~VIS VMU ^WT u[ VQVK[MV ITMZVIy^nRI I uZ[uOVSJMV <MZUu[bMM[MV ^IVVIS u[ TM[bVMS Q[ ^Q S u[ VubMMTuZu[MSLMUQVLMbMSI[b^M[uOMZMUuTPM˟TMOQVSnJJMT˟ZuJJ^Q[bQSUQV[MUUMOSuZL˟RMTMbVuSIVVISuZ^uVaM[[uOu )^Q
SIJJ~TNISILVISTMOJJ[bZPWOa3buX-]Z~XII[b^M[uOZu[bMTM\LMIb¹RWVVIVºuZSMb˟SVMUUQVLQOuZMbuSPWOa^IT~RnJIVJMNWOIL S˟SM)bMTPIOaIW\[nO^IOa MTPIVaIOWT[nOuZbu[M^Q[[bI^Q[[bIuZ˟u[VMUUQVLQOQVLWSWTITIVuZbu[^WT)bQOIbWLn[Q [bnVLuS Ib -]Z~XIQ =VQ~PWb ^IOa I 6)<7PWb Ib MZMLUuVaMbM Ib MTUT u^QbMLMSJMV PWOaISbuXM]Z~XIQWZ[bnOWSOaISZIVSZQQSIVuTST^M\MSnQVubUuVaMSM[bIJnTaWSIu[ IuZ[uOVSJMVTMbIRT~OaISZIVSTVJb˟NWTaIUIWSZISM^u[JuZMIOnT]VSu[IbWSSMbMTu[M Pn\uZJM[bWZ]T)buZbu[PWOaISbuXM]Z~XIQISIMTNMTMRM\uS^IOaVMUuZQSUMOVMU [MOyQISb[[uONMRT˟Lu[u5QVLMbMSIIXI[bITIWSu[I[TaW[LQTMUUnSIUMTaMSMUMO SMTTM\^nTI[bWTVQQZnVa͒SuV[bWTOnTPIVISUQSuVMZ˟[y[SIZMOQWVnTQ[ZMbQTQMVKQnu[UQSuV
Su[bTRVSNMTIR^˟JMVQ[UQVLMVJQbWVVaITMOaZMOaISZIJJIV^nTISWb~^QTnOXWTQQSIQZu[XWVWSZI)ZMOQWVnTQ[MOa\U͒SLu[VMSQOMVQ[^IVZMTM^IVKQnRIu[ITnVIb[MUTb~PWOa VQVK[MV ITMZVIy^nRI IZ~[IV MOaQS ^Q[MOZnLQ WZ[bnO [bnUnZI [MU Ib M]ZWITIVQ [b^M[uO SMZMMQ Sb\ -ZZM R~ XuTLI PWOa I !M[ ^nT[nO IV]T[nOIQJ~T IV]T^I IUQSWZ Ib MOu[b-=UMOWTLn[SMZM[M\IuZ[uOVSVMSIPIuSWVaIJJNMTTuXu[IZMOQWVnTQ[UMOSbMTyu[ RMTMVM\Mu[MZZMIIXI[bITIWSZIuXy^MI+W^QL!MTTMVQSbLMTMU[WZnVQ[·Ib-=[SZQQSnSMTTMVuZM·> M[SMZMMSSb\SMZM[uSIIOWZ[bnOWSIUMOWTLn[ILQTMUUnZI"PWOaIV SMbMTRVS PIuSWVaIV MOa ^IT~JIV MTSuXM[b˟MV MZRML˟ u[ MUJMZMS PITnTn^IT RnZ~ ^QTnORnZ^nVaOaPWOaISMbMTu[PI [IQVMTMOaMVMSJMTnPIITIVS^MSMbUuVaMSSMTIOIbLI[nOQ MTRM[yUuVaZM)ZMOQWVnTQ[> M[SWPubQ~MZ˟[yu[MIÅbQSIQu[P]UnVQVNZI[]SZINMRTM[bu[
IZMOQWVnTQ[[bQVMZOQnSSQPI[bVnTn[IW^nJJZIQ[NWVW[KuTWSIVIXQZMVLMV > 1 ; - / : Î , j ; 3 l B j 8 - = : Õ 8) ; B 1 5 * 7 4 1 3 Î 2 ) ) 11 ^QTnOPnJWZ ] VQ ^QTnOJIV UuO I [b~PI[bVnTIJ~T Q[ MT͒V 3buX-]Z~XI ) TMMZM[bSML˟>I[NOOVaUOuSMZTWZ[bnOWS^IT~RnJIV3MTM-]Z~XnJIVI[bW^RMJQZWLITWUJIV ITnT SUIO]SI)>IZ[~Q;bMZb˟Lu[SMZMuJM[bMZ^MbM\SWUU]VQ[IUJJMV4MVOaMTWZ[bnO +[MP[bTW^nSQIu[5IOaIZWZ[bnOIbWVTMONMRTM\MJJWZ[bnOWSK[WXWZRnITSW\nSIUMTaMS[WPI VMUWT^ILISJMTMI[bW^RM Z[ILITUQZMVL[bMZJM)buZMTUQ[uOSK[WXWZRIQyZ~Su[ Z[ILITWU]LWUnVaQOWVLWTSWL~SUMO˟ZQbuSu[NMTU]I\nSIVMUbMQNOOMTMV[uOu[I[bIJIL[nO uZuSMQI Z[ILITU]SQL˟VSuVPI ZWbW\IVSQU]I\IILMUWSZnKQI] VQ^nOaIIUQUuO NMTSMTu[MQSTM^MZu[M] V[MUILISNMT)UIOaIZ! IK[MP[bTW^nS! u[ITMVOaMT! 277 Rada Péter – Vass László – Izmindi Richárd: A visegrádi szimbolikus közpolitika. u[!
S^MMTu[MQSb\ZMVL[bMZM[MVUMORMTMVIb-]Z~XnPWb^IT~^Q[[bIuZu[[bnVLuSI)b M]Z~XIQ[nOM[bUuVaMI[bIJIL[nOu[IRWJJuTMSZTUuVaMSQZnVQQOuVaNMRMbMSQ)b! I[ u^MSUn[WLQSNMTuJMVMTQVL]TXWTQQSIQNWTaIUIWSUQVLMVMSMT˟\I;bW^RM]VQ~JIVJMS^MSMbM\XWTQQSIQNWZL]TIVM^MbMM[MVI5/WZJIK[W^XnZN˟QSnZ^MbM˟[bMZMXu^MTUMO^IT~[]T~ LMUWSZIQbnTn[QTuXu[MS·XMZM[bWRSInuXyu[OTI[bVW[baVayT[nO·UMOVaQW\nSILQSIZn~Tu[I[bW^RM]ZITWU~TUMO[bIJIL]TVQ^nOa~WZ[bnOWS[bnUnZIIZMVL[bMZ^nT [TMPM˟ségét. 1988-tól a három közép-európai országban szinte párhuzamosan zajlottak az átmenet NWTaIUIIQ4MVOaMTWZ[bnOJIVu[5IOaIZWZ[bnOWVMT[˟SuVSMZT[WZILMUWSZIQS][nUMVM MT[˟TuXu[MQVMSUMOuMTuZMIUMTaMSIXWTQQSIQXT]ZITQbU][JJXnZMVL[bMZQVubUuVaM[yu[Mu[I[bIJILXIZTIUMVQ^nTI[b [WSUMO[bMZ^Mbu[uKuTWb SUMOu[MPPMb^Q[bWVaTIOOaWZ[IV bnZS~bISNMTIK[MP[bTW^nSQIQNWTaIUIWS-JJMVIbQL˟[bISJIVIPnZWUWZ[bnOXWTQQSIQMZ˟Q
VIOaÅOaMTUMNWZLyW\ISMOaUn[NWTaIUIIQZIIbnUMVMJMVMTuZMZMLUuVaMQZMu[SWVSZu XWTQQSIQ[IuOQnQZI]LIW[y^IIZuVMTUQPI[WVT~[nOWu[ISb[uZLMSMSM)SWUU]VQ[I ]ZITWUUIT[bMUJMVUMO[bMZ^Mb˟L˟XWTQQSIQK[WXWZWSIPnZWUWZ[bnOJIVNWTaIUIW[IVSIXK[WTIWIZW\ISMOaUn[[ITISnZQTTMOnTQ[IVQ[I[bW^RMQL˟SJMVu[IZMVL[bMZ^nT [[WZnVQ[ UWOI\nSMOaUn[IV]TISMOaUn[~Tu[MZUu[bMM[VMSuZMbuSIb[[bMIZWbn[ )bMT[˟[bIJIL^nTI[b [WS] V4MVOaMTWZ[bnOJIV+[MP[bTW^nSQnJIVu[5IOaIZWZ[bnOWV UMOITIS]T~SWZUnVaWSPI ZWbW\[bnVLuSI^WTISWZnJJQ[bWTQLIZQ [UMO˟Zbu[Mu[ISb[ KuTWSuZZuV˟MOaJMPIVOWTNMTTuXu[!!VW^MUJMZuJMVIPQLMOPnJWZ] VQR-]Z~XI ITIXMT^MQZOby˟8nZQb[Q3IZIITnyZn[ISWZ)VITT2~b[MNUIOaIZUQVQ[bMZMTVSIbMTUWVLW\ M`XWbuRnJIV PQM M\ I PnZWU WZ[bnO MOa\U͒SLu[M UMTTM\ u[ RI^I[WTI I TMVOaMT u[ K[MP[bTW^nS SWZUnVaN˟SVMS XIZVMZMQVMS PWOa ITnTSWbbIVIS I PnZWU WZ[bnO XWTQQSIQ
^MbM˟QIS^MSMb˟u^MTMRuV>Q[MOZnLWV a kö z ö s Tö rT é n e l e m e m l é k e z e T e ) ^Q[MOZnLQ ITnTSWb~ TuMR\uVMS IXZWX~Rn MOa I SbuXSWZQ UMOnTTIXWLn[ ILI ) ,]VIUMVQ^Q[MOZnLQSQZnTaQXITW JIV VW^MUJMZuJMV3nZWTa:~JMZUIOaIZSQZnTaSMbLMUuVaMbu[uZMIVnK[SWbn[IZW\IS1113nbUuZTMVOaMTu[4]`MUJ]ZOQ2nVW[K[MPSQZnTa Zu[b^uMTu^MT)PnZWU]ZITSWL~ITnTSWb~RnVISKuTRIIb^WTPWOaMT[QUy[nSPIITUQMTTMVuMQSMu[OIbLI[nOQXWTQQSIQMOa\U͒SLu[JMVnTTIXWLRIVISUMOISbuXM]Z~XIQuZ[uOJMV uZ^uVaM[T˟ W[bnS u[ VuUM ]ZITUQ ZMS^u[MS MTTMVuJMV ÙR SMZM[SMLMTUQ ]ISI RMTTMS SQPWOaSQSMZTRuSIJuK[Q^nUW)*]LI·ZVV^WVITN˟JJnTTWUn[IQ-[bMZOWU6IOa[bWUJIu[0WTQK[^WTIS]LIu[ZVVMTRM[nZ]UMOnTTy~RWOWSIXIS)TMVOaMT·WZW[b kereskedelem magyarországi központja Kassa lett.
-bIbMOa\U͒SLu[WTaIV[QSMZM[^WTPWOaIPnZWUSQZnTa[nOOIbLI[nOIMJJMVISWZJIV^QZnOSWZnuTM3buX-]Z~XIUIORIIPnZWUZuVMTUQSQZnTa[nO"ITMVOaMTIK[MPu[ IUIOaIZTM\4uSuZNOOMTMV[uOSuZNWTaIUIW[IVPnJWZSMTTM\^y^VQ]SI[bWU[buLW[ VIOaPIITUISSIT)bPWOauZLMSMQSMSb[MVPIuSWVaIJJIV]LRnSSuX^Q[MTVQUnZI>Q[MOZnLWV JMVIZW\PnZWUSQZnTaITnTSWb~·ITnVIbMT[˟SMTMM]Z~XIQK[K[ITnTSWb~·Q[UMOU]I\I3buX-]Z~XIZuVMTUMIbQOIbWTIPWOaIbIOZM[[bQ~^ITISy^TZ˟T R^˟P~Ly~^IOaK[ISNMVaMOM˟ZMS^u[MSSMT[bMUJMVSb[MVSMTTNMTTuXVQ^uL^MMuZ[uO 278 Polgári Szemle · 19. évfolyam 1–3 szám TIS~QVISuZuSMQPIOaWUnVaIQ -T[˟[WZJIV Mb UWQ^nTI Su[˟JJ Q[ I XMZ[bWVnTQ[ ]VQ~SI I uZ[uOJMV I TMVOaMT K[MP u[ UIOaIZ]ZITSWL~SÊ^Q[MOZnLQºMZTMMSMMOaM[y˟[b^M[uOJMUZy˟XWTQQSnRn5QVLPnZWUWZ[bnOJIVuTuVSMV˟ZbQIZuVMTUQMUTuSMbMIbWSIIbM[MUuVaMSMIUMTaMS[WZnVIb
[[bMNWOn[MOaUn[ UWOI [ISb[[QSMZMSMPWbW\MVVMSMTUIZILn[IXMLQOOaMVOyM\MI UIOnZIPIOaW\I)UIQOMVMZnKQ~S[bnUnZIQ[uZbMTUQRMTMV˟[uOM^IVIb I[UIOaIZ [bIJIL[nOPIZKJIVITMVOaMT[MOy[uOVMSIb! W[UIOaIZu[TMVOaMTXnZP]bIUW[[nOVISIb ! I[UIOaIZu[K[MP[bTW^nSNWTaIUIWSVISu[ITMVOaMT;bWTQLIZQ [UWbOITWUSMTMM]rópai hatásának. 5QMT˟\I^Q[MOZnLQ[[bMNWOn[ZuVMTUQOMWXWTQQSIQWSIQSMZM[VuVSuZLMUM[n\MSQVMVQIVuOaWZ[bnO OIJJNTLZIRbQSWVM`][nUMOPI ZWbVQIPnVaI\IW\[WZ[SbuXM]Z~XIQZuOQ~>nTWb~nTTIUPI ZWSu[nITIS]T~OMWXWTQQSIQZu[^WVITISUMTTM\IbMOaSWZQ ^Q[MOZnLQIS+[MPWZ[bnO4MVOaMTWZ[bnOu[5IOaIZWZ[bnOZuVMTUQOaSMZMQ[WSJIVSb[MS)PnZWUWZ[bnOIbnTTIUITIXy [IVa]OIQSMZM[buVaKQ^QTQbnKQ~PWbZuV˟SIXK[WT~Ln[ MZTMuVMOaUn[UMTTM\PITILUnZI[bnbIL~TSMbL^MIUQSWZUuO[WSRMTMVTMOQM]Z~XIQ ország a mai formájában nem is létezett.
3WUWTaZuVMTUQOaSMZMQ^WTISIVVISPWOaIZMVL[bMZ^nT [S^M˟MVUMOMZ˟[L\I ZuOQ~WZ[bnOIQSb\QSWPubQ~;bnUW[WTaIVSb[SIXK[WT~Ln[QXWVuZuSu[uZLMSZMVL[bMZ nTTIbWZ[bnOWSUO\IUMTaMSZuO~I[[bMSW^nK[WTRnSI^Q[MOZnLQISI-bMV[IRnW[XWTQQSIQ társadalmi és gazdasági okok mögött pedig egyrészt egy szoros földrajzi sorsközösség is áll. )>Q[MOZnLQ+[WXWZ6a]OIu[3MTMSbu[bWZ]T^IMOaSTVTMOM[ÊSbM[ZuOQ~JIVºNMS[bQS<nZ[ILITUQU͒SLu[MITIXRnVUnZMbMZu^M[ ^TIJIVQ[-]Z~XIVa]OIQNMTuPMbIZWbW\ miközben Nyugattól hullámokban távolodva Kelet-Európához sodródott az évszázadok során. -VVMSISM\˟[[uOVMSIÊSbM[ZuOQ~ºnTTIXWVIS[IRnW[WSIQ^IVVISUQ^MTMbMZu^] V Q[MOaMZ˟[NTLZIRbQ^nTI[b~^WVITINMLMbPMVSNMT-bIb-TJIu[;IITMNWTa~SMZMLu[u˟TLuTZMQVL]TUIRLI4IRIQTTM^MIbMOaSWZQZ~UIQXZW^QVKQnVIS8IVV~VQnVISVa]OIQPI Zn~T Ib )LZQIQMVOMZQO Pb~LQS 1VVMV Va]OII NMS^˟
MZTMMSMV I :~UIQ *QZWLITWU J]Sn[I ] VQQL˟[bISJIVWT^IL[[bMISu[˟IVQSSMZM[buVau[IJIZJnZOMZUnV Z[ILITUQXWTQQSIQ ZMVL[bMZIUMTaIb~IQ[IbM]Z~XIQS]TZIITIXRnSuXMbQ;b͒K[! -bbMT[bMUJMV3MTMMVISbXWVIbI*QbnVK^WTIUMTaQVSnJJI:~UIQQZWLITWUSMTMQ ZS[uOuSy^nVIUMO˟ZQbVQVMUXMLQOQVMOZnTVQIbVJIZJnZ^QTnOW-]Z~XIQZuOQ~SZ~TQ[ QVSnJJK[ISIbMbZMLNWZL]T~SZVauSu˟TJM[buTPMVS)SMZM[buVa[uOVMSUQVnTTIU^ITTn[VISIVa]OIQSbXWVRIMSbJMV:~UIUIZIL)b M[VIOaMOaPnb[bISILn[[ITIZuOQ~ MOu[bMIVa]OIQMOaPnbZy][nS^M\MUQSbJMVMOauZMTU͒MVSQZIRbWT~LW\IbMT˟JJQ^WVIT~T[WSSITSMTMMJJZMPb~L~Un[QS[bQVuVMZ˟[PI Z^WVIT-bIb)TL]VI^QLuSu˟Tu[bISQ QZnVaJII3MTMQ3nZXnWSWVSMZM[bTu[bISNMTuPITIL^IIVa]OIQu[SMTMQ[bTn^MZTMMSM ^nTI[bW\IMTMOaUn[~TIUQI[bnbILJIVXMLQOUnZMOu[bMVI*ITQS]UQOZIRbWT~LW\SQ
)bVÊ6a]OIºNWOITUISM^u[JuUIZSnV[IVLMUuOQ[ZnQTTM\I+[MPI4MVOaMTu[I5IOaIZ 3QZnTa[nOZIu[bISWVXMLQOI6uUM4W^IOZMVL^QLuSuZMUuOQ[MbMVI6a]OIWVJMTTUnZ MOau^MbZMLLMTMbMT˟\SMbLM\SQITIS]TVQ3buX-]Z~XIITIXRIjZLMSM[U~LWVI [bnbIL~T SMbL^MMOauTM[OIbLI[nOQu[ Z[ILITWU[bMZSMbMQZu[^WVITIb-TJI4IRIPI Z^WVITUMVuV RZISM\u[bMTM-]Z~Xn-bbMTI>Q[MOZnLQZuOQ~u[IbI\~TSMTMMNMS^˟MZTMMSMMOa[uOM- 279 Rada Péter – Vass László – Izmindi Richárd: A visegrádi szimbolikus közpolitika. [MVIbVUn[WLQS^IOaZS[RWJJnOa[nOMZTMu^uITISyW\In;b͒K[! ) S]T]ZnTQ[ Z[ILITUQ PI [ UMTTM\ OIbLI[nOQ [bMUXWVJ~T ^Q[bWV QVSnJJ 3MTMPMb [WLZ~LISIZuOQ~WZ[bnOIQ-bISM\˟[uOITISyW\ISQIbI[IRnW[SbM[MZTMMIUQ3MTM3buX-]Z~XnVISQ[VM^MbVMS<ZuVMTUQ ^TIWSJIVI^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSNMTM\QOMWXWTQQSIQMZ˟^WVITIS[WSI^nTWbISIb]~JJQu^[bnbILWSJIV+[MPWZ[bnOVISINMPuZPMOaQK[I
4MVOaMTWZ[bnOVISIPnZWUITSITWUUITZuV˟NMTW[b [n ! S^M˟MVI [b]^MZMVQ [MTRM[MT^M[bu[MI5IOaIZ3QZnTa[nOVISXMLQOI0IJ[J]ZO*QZWLITWUJIZuV˟ JMIOWb~Ln[IOnWTIUMOPWOaSb[MVITISyPI[[nSIZuOQ~R^˟Ru ) SWZnJJQ Zu[^WVITISIMZ˟[yM\MI VIOaPIITUISMZTMQNMTW[b [I 2IT V! JMV IUQSWZ[bQVMRZI]OaIVIbWVPI Z^WVITUMVuVMZM[bM\uSTMI^I[NOOVaIUMTa^WVIT UnZ SWZnJJIV JJ[bZ Q[ MT^nTI[bW\I I ZuOQ~ Va]OIQ QZnVaJIV ) Sb[ [WZ[ nUMVMQ RMTTMO͒ PW[[b u^[bnbILWS UIRL I [bWKQITQbU][ MTVaWU~ u^QbMLMQ ] V UuOQ[ [bV[MV egymásra találtak az önálló szuverén visegrádi államok. Két évtizede pedig az észak-atlanti és M]Z~XIQQVMOZnKQ~Q[MTuZMIZuOQ~ ) > 1 ; - / : Î , 1 - / A m < < 5 ͑ 3l , j ; 5 7 , - : 6 37 : 1 . - 4 Ù 2 Ñ < Î ; ) )^Q[MOZnLQK[WXWZVM^u>nKTI^0I^MTI+;;B;B3Sb Z[I[nOQMTVSM)VITT2~b[MN UIOaIZ
UQVQ[bMZMTVSu[4MKP?IĐʼn[ITMVOaMTMTVSITnTSWb~RnV^nTI[bW\nSMOa!!NMJZ]nZ uV IUIOaIZWZ[bnOQ>Q[MOZnLWVIZW\M[MUuVaMV)ITnTSWb~VIXWTQQS][WSVaQTISWbIWyZIS ITnPWOaIPnZWU!!~I> WZ[bnO[bWZW[IVMOa\NWOU͒SLVQIbM]Z~XIQQVMOZnKQ~ NMTu ^MbM˟ WV ) SWUU]VQ[I ZMVL[bMZ [[bMWUTn[I ] V MOa\U͒SLu[S MT˟[MOyM\M I WITQ ZQ][ZMb[QUJ˟TI[bIJILXT]ZnTQ[u[LMUWSZIQS][ Z[ILITWUJI^IT~nUMVMMu[Sb[ KuTR]S^WTIUWLMZVLMUWSZIQS][^QTnOPWbZuV˟K[ITISWbn[ )PnZWUWZ[bnOTMONMT[˟JJ[bQV͒SuX^Q[MT˟QIb!!NMJZ]nZ QK[K[ITnTSWb~VMTNWOILW\ -Oa\U͒SLu[Q6aQTISWbI]SJIVNWOTIT S[[bMWZ[bnOIQSSb[XWTQQSIQu[OIbLI[nOQZMS^u[MQ u[ IbWV [bnVLuS]SI PWOa MOaJMPIVOWTRnS I >IZ[~Q ;bMZb˟Lu[ IUMTaVMS I K[IXIIQ IbIbI[bW^RMSIWVnSUuOMZTMVSVIZ~bSWLISNT[bnUWTn[nZIQZnVa]T~XWTQQSnR]SI )LWS]UMV]UZObyM\MIPnZWUWZ[bnOR^MbMu[uVMSZuO~I^ITTW\MT^MQXWTQQSIQu[
OIbLI[nOQ ZMS^u[MQ PWOa KuTR]S ÊI WITQ ZQ][ ZMVL[bMZ Z[ILITUQ OIbLI[nOQ u[ [bMTTMUQ UMORMTMVu[QNWZUnQVISNMT[bnUWTn[IºIXIZTIUMVQLMUWSZnKQIu[IRWOnTTIU^ITIUQVISWZ[bMZ͒XQIKOIbLI[nOSQuXyu[Mu[PWOaUQVuTPIUIZIJJu[MTRM[MJJUuZuSJMVZu[b^MOaMVMS IbM]Z~XIQQVMOZnKQ~JIV2MTMV˟[^WTIVVISPIVO[TaWbn[IÊPWOaIVMUbMQMVQSIQ^ITTn[Q u[VaMT^QSQ[MJJ[uOMSVMSIbM]Z~XIQPIOaWUnVaW[uZuSMSVMSUMONMTMT˟MVIbMUJMZQRWOWSZ~T [b~T~VMUbMSbQLWS]UMV]UWSSIT[[bPIVOJIVIb[[bM[RWOWSIuT^MbVQSSMTTIXWTQQSIQ Z[ILITUQOIbLI[nOQu[S]T]ZnTQ[uTM^ITIUQVIbWSI [MZTMMQQ[JMTMuZ^Mº-TSMTMbSUIO]VSIÊIPMTaQIZMOQWVnTQ[u[VMUbMQSb[[uOMSQZnVWTMZnV[IOa͒TTM\˟TIVIKQWVITQbU][~TI`MVWN~JQn~TQTTM^MI[bWU[buLWSSIT^IT~^Q[bnTaSWLn[~TUMVM[º Z[ILITWUUMTTM\/aISWZTIQTuXu[SuVRMTTuSUMOIJQbWV[nOZ~TNWTaIW\SWVb]T KQ~SIIXQIKQ ITIX OIbLI[nOQ MOa\U͒SLu[ Ib u[bISLuTQ QZnVa SbTMSMLu[Q
QVNZI[]SZI NMRTM[bu[u )bnTTIUu[SWZUnVaN˟SnTITITnyZmVVMXuTaM[6aQTISWbIZUUMTnTTIXyW\IUMOPWOa ÊVMUbMMQVSZuVMTUQMOa^uIZWbn[nVIS]LIIu[QOuVaMQUUnZISILnTaITIV]Tu[VuXMQVS Polgári Szemle · 19. évfolyam 1–3 szám ^IT~[nOW[uZLMSMQ^MT[[bPIVOJIVVaQT^nV]TPIUMOIXWTQQSIQISIZITMOUIOI[IJJ[bQVRuVº2 !!JIV +[MP[bTW^nSQI SM\u[bISILn[n^IT ^nT VuOaIO^n I >Q[MOZnLQ -Oa\U͒SLu[ )K[WXWZWMZMLMQTMO^Q[MOZnLQPnZUISVISPy^ SLMI+[MP[bTW^nS;b^M[uOQ3b Z[I[nO !!I[SM\u^nTn[nS^M˟MV^Q[MOZnLQVuOaMSZ˟TJM[buTVS)bMOa\U͒SLu[UQVLIVuOa IOnTTIUI UnR][RuVK[ITISWbW\Ib-]Z~XIQ=VQ~PWb )b MOaSWZQ +[MP[bTW^nSQI 4MVOaMTWZ[bnO u[ 5IOaIZWZ[bnO !! MTMRuV SMbLM\ ZOaITn[WSJI .˟ KuTR]S Ib WZW[bWS~T ^IT~ NOOu[ VuTSTQ [bIJIL MOa\U͒SLu[ ^WT ) SIXK[WTI VSuVM[ITIXWVu[ZuVMTUQPIOaWUnVaWSZIuXT)VITT2~b[MN UIOaIZUQVQ[bMZMTVSI
^Q[MOZnLQ^nZJIPy^IUMOIUn[QSSuWZ[bnO^MbM˟Ru)bISSWZUuOPnZWUWZ[bnOW[[bMNWO~ >I[MOa\U͒SLu[MT[˟XnZu^MZMVLSy^TISy^u[[QSMZM[QL˟[bIS^WT*MMTRM[yM\uSIbMOaQS TMONWVW[IJJKuTR]SIIbMOaSWZQ[bW^RMSWUU]VQ[IJQZWLITWUnTIT^MbuZMTXWTQQSIQSIWVIQ u[OIbLI[nOQMOa\U͒SLu[QZMVL[bMZVMSINMT[bnUWTn[n-JJMVVIOa[bMZMXM^WTIUIOaIZ SWZUnVaN˟VMS>uOMZMLUuVaJMVI^I[NOOVa[buM[u[u^MTMTQVL]TOMWXWTQQSIQNWTaIUI[bQUJWTQS][IV I ^Q[MOZnLQ NWTaIUI\IT bnZ]T TM MbbMT I >Q[MOZnLQ +[WXWZ ZMOQWVnTQ[ UWLMTTSuV [bWTOnTPIW\Su[˟JJQMSJMVIMTRM[XW[b[bWKQITQ[I JWZJIVQ[ )bMOu[buZ[uOJ˟TI^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSRnZISIbuTMVIbM]Z~XIQQVMOZnKQ~[NWTaIUIWSJIV Q[j^MSSMTUMOMT˟buSIJJQMSMIVa]OIM]Z~XIQu[Ibu[bISITIVQQVMOZnKQ~JIV)>IS UnZ!!JMVITnyZ SI3buX-]Z~XIQ;bIJILSMZM[SMLMTUQ-OaMbUuVa+-.<)Q[+[MPWZ[bnO4MVOaMTWZ[bnOu[5IOaIZWZ[bnOMT[˟RMTMV˟[ZMVL[bMZ^nT [] VQSb[XWTQQSIQ[QSMZM
PWOa!!!JMVI6)<7PWbQ[K[ITISWbPI\IS>uOQOMbIPnZWUWZ[bnO^WTITMOM[uTaM[MJJ I^nZ^I^nZ]VQ~[K[ITISWbn[ZIQ[u[K[ISIb-]Z~XIQ=VQ~VUTW\PWOa^uOTMOa[bMZZMMOa [WSSITVIOaWJJWZ[bnOK[WXWZWQVMOZnTIS )b MOa\U͒SLu[ MT[˟ [QSMZM[ XnZ u^u +[MP[bTW^nSQI SM\u^nTn[I ISI[bW\I UMO -b Ib nITIS]Tn[UMOOaMVOyM\MIbWZ[bnOWSSb\QMOa\U͒SLu[IbRVnTT~[bTW^nSXWTQQSII 5MȔQIZSWZUnVa NWZL]TI ^IT )b WZ[bnO STXWTQQSnRI RMTTMUb˟MV I SQbnZ~TIOW[ u[bISITIVQ MTSMTMb˟Lu[PMTaM\SMTMQQZnVaJIVaQW\-JJMV^nTWbn[K[ISIb!! I[PnZWUWTLITJ]LIXM[QK[K[ITnTSWb~PWbW\-b^nTNWZL]T~XWV\nI>Q[MOZnLQ+[WXWZZuVMuJMVUQ^MTNuT u^QbMLLMTSu[˟JJUMO^IT~[]TIK[WXWZMOaQSN˟KuTSQ͒bu[Mu[^uOTPIUn[QSWZ[bnOOITMOa\ K[ITISWbPI\ISIb=VQ~PWb ) > 1 ; - / : Î , 1 - / A m < < 5 ͑ 3l , j ; 37 0 j B 1 Õ 2 ) )>Q[MOZnLQ+[WXWZMOa\U͒SLu[uVMSUuOQ[ITMOMZMLUuVaM[MJJQL˟[bISnI] VQ
PW[[b u^QbMLM IZPIR]S IUQSWZ I ZuOQ~ WZ[bnOIQ MOaZM JJ MZTMMV UuTayM\uS MT Ib MOa\U͒SLu[6MUK[ISISTI[[bQS][S]T]ZnTQ[OIbLI[nOQSIXK[WTIWSMZ˟[LMSUMOPIVMUIM[u^MSSbMXuVSQJWVISWb~UQOZnKQ~[^nT[nOPI [nZIUnZITMZVIy^XWTQQSIQ álláspontot kezdtek megfogalmazni a nyugati államokkal szemben is. Az egységes fellépés a SWZUnVa^nT [WS~TNOOMTMVT[bQVuVUMOUIZILu^MSQOIUQMOaRJTWSSUMOMZ˟[Lu[uhez vezetett az Unióban. )ZuOQ~VISPW[[bQLMRMVMU^WTTMPM˟[uOMPWOa[IRnMTPI ZWbn[J~TIbQVMOZnKQ~NMTu PITILRWVu[VnTT~LVu[QKMV]UUn^nTRWV)>Q[MOZnLQ+[WXWZIbWVJIVMbMVIMZTMMV Q[[QSMZM[[u^nTIb]VQ~[K[ITISWbn[[ITPQ[bMVISb[PIOaWUnVaWSXWTQQSIQu[OIbLI[nOQ 281 Rada Péter – Vass László – Izmindi Richárd: A visegrádi szimbolikus közpolitika. U͒SLu[QMT^MSMOaPI[WVT~uZLMSu[uZuSSb[[uOMPWbISTuM-bI[IRnM[bUMZMVL[bMZ
MOa[bMZ͒MVvisegrádiOWVLWTIVISVM^MbbS0QnJIMZ˟[L\Tn^nVaW[IVISIXK[WTIIuZ[uO WZ[bnOIQSb\MOaZMJJNM[bT[uO^WTIXI[bITPI~Ib]~JJQu^MSJMVSb\S;bTW^nSQIMOaMLTQM]Z~^MbMQIOnTTIUSuVMZUu[bMM[U~LWV[bWZW[IJJ^Q[bWVanXWTIb^MbM IOnTTIUIQ^IT^Q[[bINWOW\IJJnTTn[XWVRMTTMUMbMISnZIUQOZnKQ~M[MuJMVQ[IUIOaIZTMVOaMT MVOMTaPMb SuXM[ BIRW[ SWVÆQS][ ^WT +[MPWZ[bnO u[ 4MVOaMTWZ[bnO Sb\ I ]Z~ Q [buVJnVaISZTQ^QIQ[3WZnJJIVUQVLSuWZ[bnOSQnTTISnZIb-=^IT[bMUJMVQ[I[buVJnVan[bINMRTM[bu[MUMTTM\UuOQ[ISuNuTSb\ITMVOaMTJnVaIUQI\NM[bTTM\I^Q[bWVa MOaR~QLMQO;bISnTVu;bIJ~5QVLMbMVJMT[˟^Q SMTTMVuZM[WSnQOMOa\UWbOW\I ZuOQ~u[MbIbMOa[uOMOu[bMVIbWZW[b]SZnVPnJWZM[SQZWJJIVn[nQOIZW\-SSWZ MOauZMTU͒^u^nTPWOaVQVK[UnZMTRM[[[bPIVOIVuOanTTIUSb\IOMWXWTQQSIQWZQMV KQ~MSQVMuJMVu[IUIOaIZSWZUnVaIJJQ^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOOIT[bMUJMVVnTT~WVRnZ )
VIXRIQVSZI SQITIS]T PMTabM SM\˟[ ) M[ u^MS I uZ[uO MOa\U͒SLu[uVMS TMO[QSMZM[MJJu^QbMLM^WTJJWSJ~TQ[-OaZu[bPW[[bQLMQOQLMWT~OQIQ[bMUXWVJ~TR~SIXK[WTIWSSIT ZMVLMTSMb˟ SWZUnVaWS ^MbM\uS MbMSM Ib WZ[bnOWSI 5n[Zu[b Ib WTaIV Sb[ SQPy^n[WSUQVIVMUbMSbQUQOZnKQ~[NWTaIUIWS^IOaIRnZ^nVaPMTabMu[IVVISSMbMTu[M UuOSbMTMJJPWb SI^Q[MOZnLQISI-VVMSPI [nZII MSMOaZM[bWZW[IJJSMZMMSZMVL[bMZM[MJJITnTSWb~SSb\U͒SLMSPI[WVT~IVUn[]VQ~[QTTM^MSbuXM]Z~XIQZMOQWVnTQ[ MOa\U͒SLu[MSPMb)bMTuZ˟STXWTQQSIQnTTn[XWVWS^Q[bWVISWZnJJQISVnTUuTaMJJrésvonalakat jeleznek Magyarország és a több visegrádi ország között. )>Q[MOZnLQ+[WXWZI^IT~JIVQOIbIbÊMOa[uOI[WSNuTM[uOJMVºM]Z~XIQITIXuZuS)TIX^M˟MVPISZQQS][IJJNWZUnJIVQ[UuOQ[UQVL^uOQO-]Z~XIXnZQu[Ibj[bIS)TIVQSIXK[WTIWSQZnVMTSMTMbM\UIZILIZuOQ~-SbJMVIK[WXWZIORIQMOauVQuZLMSMSMS^M˟
[IRnW[XWTQQSnSuX^Q[MTVMSIPWTUMOUIZILVISI^uTMUuVaSTVJ[uOMSIUQUuO[MUPnnTIRIISWPubQ~R]SIPIVMUXWVIZ]OITUI[[nOIbMOa\U͒SLu[SMZ˟[[uOM)> MS ZMVL[bMZM[yM\SQ[K[K[ITnTSWb~Q[MOyM\uS[WS[bWZISb[nTTn[XWVUMONWOITUIbn[njXXMVI[bMZ^MbMQUMOSu[MSPQnVaIJQbW[yW\IPWOaIJMT[˟^Q SVMPnnTI[[nSIbMOa\U͒SLu[TuVaMOu;bISnTVu;bIJ~-bI[bQUJWTQS][RMTTMO͒XWTQQbnTn[MZ˟[yM\MUMO I>Q[MOZnLQ+[WXWZWIb]~JJQQL˟[bISJIV 4nPI~PWOa[WSVMPub[uORMTTMUbQUuOI^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSU͒SLu[uLMMOaZMQVSnJJMOaMVZIVOXIZVMZSuV]LIS^Q[MTSMLVQ^Q [SuZLu[MSJMVIb=VQ~^MbM˟WZ[bnOIQ^IT[bMUJMVQ[IbMTUTu^QbMLJMV5QSbJMVIK[WXWZIORIQ^MZ[MVOMVMSMOaUn[[ITu[I SWVÆQS][WS[MU[b͒VVMSUMOSb\SVUIOnJIVIbMOa\U͒SLu[˟TLMuXXMbILRII SIXK[WTI]S[QSMZuVMS[XMKQnTQ[RMTTMOu)JMT[˟SQPy^n[WSUMTTM\ST[˟VaWUn[Q[VMPMbyQI
ZuOQ~MOa[uOM[[uOu5IKZWVMTVS[uOuZMRMTTMUb˟PWOa.ZIVKQIWZ[bnONWTaIUIW[IVQOaMSMbM\;bTW^nSQnVISu[ISnZ+[MPWZ[bnOVISQ[IK[WXWZUn[QSSuIORnZ~TZuV˟TM^nTI[b [nZI )SQPy^n[WSMTTMVuZMOIbLI[nOQ[bMUXWVJ~TUuOQ[MOaZMMZ˟[MJJIZuOQ~)bMZ˟SbXWVWS TI[[IV LM MOaZM SMTMMJJZM WT~LVIS IUQ V^MTQ I Sb[ [QSMZMS TMPM˟[uOu I >Q[MOZnLQIS [bnUnZIQ[;bISnTVu;bIJ~ )R^˟SQPy^n[ITMPMPWOaIK[WXWZIORIQSb\QSWPubQ~UMOUIZILRWV^IOaISnZNTLZIRbQTIOQ[nITIS]TRWVIbMOa\U͒SLu[)ZuOQ~[bWU[buL[nOnJIVbIRT~PnJWZ[SWVÆQS][ MOauZMTU͒MVNMTSI^IZIIbnTT~^QbMIb-]Z~XIQ=VQ~SMTMQWZ[bnOIQVISSIXK[WTI JIVIUQ 282 Polgári Szemle · 19. évfolyam 1–3 szám PW[[bIJJ ^WVIOMWXWTQQSIQuZLMS^Q[bWVaWSnMVLMb˟Lu[u^MTQ[MOa\RnZPI ) > 1 ; - / : Î , 1 + ; 7 8 7 :< j ; ; B j 4 - ; - * : - / 1 7 6 Î 4 1 ; - / A m < < 5 ͑ 3l , j ; 1 formák
)>Q[MOZnLQ+[WXWZUMTTM\[bnUW[MTuZ˟yX][SWWXMZnKQ~[[bMZ^MbMQ[U͒SLQSUuOIb -]Z~XIQ=VQ~VJMTT0I[WVT~WZ[bnOPI ZWSWVny^MT˟[[bMNWOn[XuTLn]TIbj[bISQ<IVnK[ I*ITQnTTIUWS3bOa͒Tu[M^IOauXXMVIbj[bISQITQ6aWTKISK[WXWZW[]Tn[IQ[;bISnTVu ;bIJ~1TaMVyX][MOa\U͒SLu[QNWZUITM\IÊ> ºIPW^IIZWbQSUuO4M\WZ[bnO4Q^nVQIj[bWZ[bnO;bTW^uVQI0WZ^nWZ[bnO:WUnVQIu[*]TOnZQI5MOMUTyMVL˟I Ê> u[3MTMQ8IZVMZ[uOºSIXK[WTIQ[IPWTISMTMQXIZVMZ[uO-=VSy^TQIORIQ^ITU͒SLVMSMOa\^IOaIÊ> ^ITIUQVu[bISQu[JITQWZ[bnOWSºSWWXMZnKQ~RI-bMSINWTaIUIWS^MbM\MSIb)LZQIQ*ITQu[.MSMMMVOMZSb\NMS^˟)][bQnQ[UIOnJINWOTIT~[[bM[MV ]VQ~[WZ[bnOWnTMT˟0nZWU<MVOMZ3MbLMUuVaMbu[TuMR\uPMbQ[IUMTaIR^˟JMVMOaZM NWVW[IJJZMOQWVnTQ[K[WXWZQ[TMPMu[IUQVMSSbXWVRnJIVI^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSnTTVIS*nZ
IbMOa\U͒SLu[R^˟RMIVMUbMSbQXWTQQSIQPMTabM\˟TI^QTnOOIbLI[nO^nTWbn[IQ~Tu[I >Q[MOZnLQ+[WXWZMOaM[IORIQVISJMTXWTQQSIQPMTabMu˟TQ[NOOPMZuVMTUQ[bMUXWVJ~T ^nZPI~IVMOaZMNWVW[IJJMZ˟^u^nTVIS-]Z~XnJIV7ZJnV )SbuXM]Z~XIQQLMVQ [UMOPI ZWb~uVaMb˟Ru^u^nTISI^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSIZMVL[bMZ^nT [~IMTMTPnZWUu^QbMLITI\)bMZMLMQTMOSQ͒b\[IuOQIQKuTWSMTuZu[M] VI ^Q[MOZnLQISMOaZMJJMZTMMVu[NWZUnJIVNWOVIS[[bM)VMPub[uOMSMTTMVuZMQ[TnPI~ PWOa SWUWTa TMPM˟[uO ZMRTQS Ib VSuV [bMZ^Mb˟L˟ QVNWZUnTQ[ SWWXMZnKQ~JIV I ZuOQ~ [bnUnZI ;bnUW[ uVaMb˟ NWZUnTI I >Q[MOZnLQ -Oa\U͒SLu[ UQZM ISnZ Ib =VQ~V JMTT Q[ PI ZWbW\^nTWbI [ZISuXM[MZ˟^u]LW\^nTVQ;bISnTVu;bIJ~ )bMOaSWZWVS^nbQÊ[QVOTMQ[[]Mº[bMZ^MbMSuVU͒SL˟^Q[MOZnLQISPIUIZMTuZuSITMON˟JJ KuTSQ͒bu[SM [bW^RM yX][ MOa\U͒SLu[Q ZMVL[bMZ NMT[bnUWTn[n u[ I Va]OIQ
QVMOZnKQ~)bMOa\U͒SLu[^Q[bWVVMUPITMTPIVMUMOaZM[buTM[MJJMZTMMSZMMZRML nIb[[bMNWOn[)UMZM^[]SZnSPMTaM\IZ]OITUI[[nO]SZu^uV]LISMTuZVQ[QSMZMSM )uZ[uOJMVXMLQOVMUUIZILISMOaMLTPIVMUuZMbPM˟MVV˟IbQOuVaUn[WZ[bnOWSSIT WZ[bnOK[WXWZWSSITZuV˟UuTaMJJMOa\U͒SLu[ZMQ[-bTn[b~LQSIJITQIb]VQ~[JITSnVQ nTTIUWSSITZuV˟MZ˟[L˟SIXK[WTIWSJIVQTTM^MI^Q[MOZnLQISnTITMZ˟[MVXZMNMZnTVa]OIJITSnVQJ˟^yu[SuZLu[uJMVQ[ a s z i m b o l i k u s kö z P o l i T i k a m e g j e l e n é s e a r e g i o n á l i s - / A m < < 5 ͑ 3l , j ; * - 6 A szimbolikusSbXWTQQSI4M[MZMIT"!VMUSyVnTISbXWTQQSIQuZJMVSb^MTMVT R~TuQMT˟VaSMMOaM[ Z[ILITUQK[WXWZWSVISSWVSZu Z[ILITUQXZWJTuUnSUMOWTLn[n MTRnZn[WS [bIJnTaWbn[nVIS UMO^nTWbI [n PIVMU WTaIV Z[ILITUQ uZuSMS SuX^Q[MTMu nTTyRIISWZUnVabIQXWTQQSIN~S][bnJIIUMTaMSMZ˟[yQSI
Z[ILITUQSWPubQ~SQJWVISWbIRnSISb[[uOQUWQ^nKQ~MbMSVMSIbuZuSMSVMSIbuZ^uVaM[yu[uZMu[IbMbMSMIb uZuSMSM UMOM[M[y˟ SWZUnVabIQ K[MTMS^u[ UWOI [nZI u[ S^Mu[uZM ) [bQUJWTQS][ SbXWTQQSIRMTTMUb˟MVXWTQQSIQRMTMV˟[uOOMTJyZUQ^MTISWZUnVaWS^IOaUn[XWTQQSIQ[bM- Rada Péter – Vass László – Izmindi Richárd: A visegrádi szimbolikus közpolitika. ZMXT˟SMbIbM[bSbPI[bVnTRnSIVVISuZLMSuJMVPWOa[IRnXWTQQSIQVubMMQSMuZuSMQSM u[XZQWZQ [IQSIPIVO[TaWbbnS^IOauXXMVMTTMVuMTMbbuSIbMTTMVbuSnTITSuX^Q[MTnTTn[XWVWSI=OaIVISSWZI[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSIPI [ITMPMSWZTnWbW\UQ^MTIbWSVMU UQVLQO^MbMVMSSWVSZuK[MTMS^u[PMb^IOa^nTWbn[WSPWbI^IT~[nOJIV )> WZ[bnOWSKuTRIIbMOa\U͒SLu[UMOMZ˟[yu[MIOIbLI[nOQXWTQQSIQu[S]T]ZnTQ[ MZTMMSMV^ITIUQVISb[uZLMSMSSuX^Q[MTMMIb-]Z~XIQ=VQ~JIVu[IVMUbMSbQ XWTQQSnJIV)Ê> ºWZ[bnOWSSb[[uOuVMSIZQS]TnKQ~RIUQV[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSII
Sb[uZuSMSu[ISb[KuTWSUMOMZ˟[yu[MUIOIIbMOa\U͒SLu[IbWVJIVVMUK[IS [bQUJWTQS][uZuSMSMPIVMUOIbLI[nOQu[XWTQQSIQMT˟VaSMQ[PWZLWb)bMOa\U͒SLu[MZ˟[yQISbuXM]Z~XIQZuOQ~u[IbWVJMTTIIOWZ[bnOWSIQ[)bMOa\U͒SLu[I S]T]ZnTQ[MZTMMVQ[UMOU]ISWbQSXuTLn]TISb[ZuVMTUQMUTuSMbMIbWSI [u[ a kutatás terén. )^WTSWUU]VQ[IUJÊuTTW^I[IQºSb[MVuZuSMTI Z[]Tn[QMOaMbUuVaITnyZn[n Ib-]Z~XIQ3b[[uOOMT!!LMKMUJMZ nVUIRL!!JMVTuMPWb S[IRn[bIJILSMZM[SMLMTUQ^MbMSMI+-.<)j^MSMVnMOa\uZ^MTMSIJQbWV[nO]SI[bI^IWT~ 6)<7IO[nOuZ IUQ !!! UnZKQ][ uV UMO Q[ ^IT~[]T ;bTW^nSQI 5MKQIZ SWZnJJQ UQVQ[bMZMTVSXWTQQSnRIUQI\Su[˟JJ]LW\K[ITISWbVQ)b-=IO[nOWMT˟Su[by˟ ZOaITn[WSISMbLMJMV]OaIVK[ISMOaUn[[ITMOaMbM^MNWTaI\nS )> MOa\U͒SLu[UQV[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSIVMUK[ISIZuOQ~JIVPIVMUIb -]Z~XIQ=VQ~JIVu[IVMUbMSbQXWTQQSnJIVQ[PI
[]LOaISWZWTVQ)> WZ[bnOWS Sb[NMTTuXu[MIVMUbMSbQ[byVuZMVVaQT^nVVIOaWJJ[TTaITJyZUQVIbMOaM[WZ[bnOWS MOauVQNMTTuXu[M)> UQV[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSIWTaIVuZuSMSMU]INMTIUMTaMS nTITnJIVISb[ZuVMTUQS]T]ZnTQ[u[OIbLI[nOQPIOaWUnVaWSIPIVO[TaWbbnS8uTLn]TI> MSnTITnJIVSb[MVnTTVISSQIUQOZnKQ~MTTMVu[PIVO[TaWbbnSIVMUbM TTIUWSNWVW[[nOnu[[b]^MZMVQ [n-bMVSy^TI> M[WZ[bnOWSJIVQ[^IVVISWTaIV [bQUJWTQS][K[MTMS^u[MSIUMTaMSKuTRIIVMUbMQQLMVQ [^IOauZuSMSMZ˟[yu[MXuTLn]T IVMUbMQVVMXMSu[MUTuSVIXWSUMOVVMXTu[M 2M[bMV[bSa /ubI ^WT UIOaIZ STOaUQVQ[bMZ I > TuMR\M QLMRuV PIVO[TaWbbI PWOa3buX-]Z~XIMOa[uOMSTV[MVIS]TZnJIVJWVISWbW\SQu[ITSWW\[WSUIZILIVL~ -b PIuSWVaIV ˟ZbQ u[ MZ˟[yQ XuTLn]T I UMOXnTanbPI~ XuVbMSJ˟T U͒SL˟ Sb[XZWOZIUWSSITIUQVLQ[UMZMJJu[VuX[bMZ͒JJ>Q[MOZnL)TIX>Q[MOZnLR~XuTLI
XWbQy^UQVITMPMUn[MOaUn[[IT[bWU[buLW[LMMOaUn[[IT^MuTSML˟ISnZSWVÆQS][W[ ^Q[bWVaJIVTu^˟WZ[bnOK[WXWZWS[bnUnZIQ[ .WVW[IbWVJIVUMORMOaMbVQPWOaI> VMUK[IS[bQUJWTQS][RMTMV˟[uOOMTJyZPIVMUIbu[bISSMTMM]Z~XIQZuOQ~OIbLI[nOQu[XWTQQSIQMOa\U͒SLu[uVMSNWVW[uVaMb˟RMQ[)> MSSb[[bMZ^MbMMQu[XZWRMSRMQXuTLn]TISbTMSMLu[Qu[MVMZOQIQVNZI[]SZINMRTM[bu[MPIuSWVaIJJOIbLI[nOQMOa\U͒SLu[u[XWTQQSIQXnZJM[buLMM[bVMS TMPM˟^uIbuZQVM\WZ[bnOWSSb\ 284 Polgári Szemle · 19. évfolyam 1–3 szám összegzés )bM]ZWITIVQ[b^M[uOQZMVL[bMZJM^IT~QVMOZnT~Ln[KuTRIUMOSuZL˟RMTMbPMMTMV^WTu[ IVVIS[QSMZMQ[^Q VNMTTnTT=OaIVISSWZMTSMTTQ[UMZVQPWOaIRnuS[bIJnTaWSIIb-= JIVu[I6)<7JIVVuTSTVSITISyW\nSSQu[IMTRM[RWOIO[nOMTuZu[M] VQ[QVLWSWTPI~PQnVauZbMUIZILI^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWSJIV"I[b^M[uONMTuMTVuTSTQQOIbWLn[
^nZMTSQQVL]Tn[QITIXSuVu[IVMUUQVLQO^WTJMNWOIL~IuZ[uOVSJMVUMONWOITUIbW\ NMVVIZ [WSMSQVMuJMV<MZUu[bMM[MVIbM]ZWITIVQQVMOZnKQ~VISVQVK[MVITMZVIy^nRIu[I^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOWS·JnZUQTaMVMbbMTMTTMVuM[PQMLMTMUUMT[bMUJMV·MOauZMTU͒MVXZW6)<7u[XZW-=XWTQQSnNWTaIVIS )R^˟SQPy^n[ITMPMPWOaIK[WXWZIORIQSb\QSWPubQ~UMOUIZILRWV^IOaISnZ NTLZIRbQTIO Q[ nITIS]TRWV Ib MOa\U͒SLu[ ) ZuOQ~ [bWU[buL[nOnJIV bIRT~ PnJWZ[ SWVÆQS][MOauZMTU͒MVNMTSI^IZIIbnTT~^QbMIb-]Z~XIQ=VQ~SMTMQWZ[bnOIQVISSIXK[WTI JIVIUQPW[[bIJJ ^WVIOMWXWTQQSIQuZLMS^Q[bWVaWSnMVLMb˟Lu[u^MTQ[MOa\ járhat. )> MOa\U͒SLu[UQV[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSIVMUK[ISIZuOQ~JIVPIVMUIb -]Z~XIQ=VQ~JIVu[IVMUbMSbQXWTQQSnJIVQ[PI []LOaISWZWTVQ)> WZ[bnOWS Sb[NMTTuXu[MIVMUbMSbQ[byVuZMVVaQT^nVVIOaWJJ[TTaITJyZUQVIbMOaM[WZ[bnOWS
MOauVQNMTTuXu[M)> UQV[bQUJWTQS][SbXWTQQSIWTaIVuZuSMSMU]INMTIUMTaMS nTITnJIVISb[ZuVMTUQS]T]ZnTQ[u[OIbLI[nOQPIOaWUnVaWSIPIVO[TaWbbnS 5QVLMbMSMVSMZM[bTXMLQOPIbnVSu[IZuOQ~WZ[bnOIQ·UuOPIK[ISQVLQZMSU~LWV·JMNWTan[[ITTMPMVMSITQJMZnTQ[^QTnOZMVLVIXQZMVLRuZMIb-=u[I6)<7IO[nOWV SMZM[bT)> ^QIPIITIV]TITQJMZnTQ[^QTnOZMVLUIORnPWbIZWbQSyOaVMUK[IS[bQUJWTQS][IV^IVRMTMV˟[uOMPWOaMbIZMVLUQTaMVQZnVaJIVNMRT˟LQS jegyzeTek 1 2 4n[LIUIOaIZUQVQ[bMZMTVS[IuOQIQKuTSQ͒bu[u8T=:4"P\X[" ^OP]^QTIOOIbLI[IOUIOaIZOIbLI[IOZMOQWVITQ[SWbMXPIITWUSMVTIRIUIOaIZWZ[bIORW^WRMWZJIV^QSWZ 4n[L" P\X["IVITTRWb[MNQOaWZMVP][bWTOITIJIVSWZUIVaNWSMVS]TM[VMUbMXWTQQSIMOaMJS]TXWTQQSIQQZI[WS IVITTRWb[MNI^Q[MOZILQMOa]\U]SWLM[TMMPWbWRITMT^M
-bbMTIUMORMOabu[[MTJQbWVanZI[WSIVI]WUIQS][IV^QISWbVQNWOVISLMI^IT~LQXWTQQSIQOIbLI[nOQM\MSM u[LVu[MSMuZuSMTRS1TTM^M^MOaSÅOaMTMUJMPWOaISZQQSIVMUNMTuTMVTMOaMVT˟I[bSMXQKQbU][[ITu[ ISb^uTMUuVaS]I [WSQ[MOauZMTU͒MVJQbWVayRnSI6)<7u[Ib-=VuX[bMZ͒[uOuIUMTaMISWZUnVaWS MOauJSuV[MUPIOaPIVnVISÅOaMTUMVSy^T4n[LZu[bTMM[MJJMVI6ub˟XWV1VubMSTVJb˟uUn^ITSIXK[WTIW[NMTUuZu[MQ f e l h a s z n á lT i ro Da l o m ,WaTM5QKPIMT! "4QJMZITQ[UIVL?WZTL8WTQQK[American Political Science Review !W 1SMVJMZZa2WPV/")?WZTL;INMNWZ,MUWKZIKa6M 0I^MV"AITM=VQ^MZ[Qa8ZM[[ 3IOIV:WJMZ"A dzsungel visszavág*]LIXM[")2<3 285 Rada Péter – Vass László – Izmindi Richárd: A visegrádi szimbolikus közpolitika. 3MWPIVM :WJMZ ! " )NMZ 0MOMUWVa" +WWXMZIQWV IVL ,Q[KWZL QV PM ?WZTL 8WTQQKIT -KWVWUa 8ZQVKMWV"
8ZQVKMWV University Press 2IUM[84M[MZ·2W[MXP;M IZ"8]JTQK8WTQKa)V-^WT]QWVIZa)XXZWIKP?IL[ WZP"<PWU[WV4MIZVQVO 5IZWV 8uMZ· *ITWOP 1[^nV · :ILI Péter " QbWV[nOQ IV]TUnVaWS" ÙR NWOITUQ SMZMMS u[ IV]T[nOWS I ^Q[MOZnLQ WZ[bnOWS[bnUnZI*]LIXM[")VITT2~b[MN <]Ln[SbXWV 5MIZ[PMQUMZ2WPV2 "<PM/ZMI,MT][QWV6M 0I^MV"AITM=VQ^MZ[Qa8ZM[[ 6ub˟XWV1VubM!I"ÙRIJJSb[XWV"UQVLMV^Q[MOZnLQWZ[bnOZIOI[bSWLQSI6)<7PWb0WbbnNuZu["P\X["VMbWXWVP]]RIJJSWbW[XWVUQVLMV^Q[MOZILQWZ[bIOZIOI[bSWLQSIVIWPWb 6ub˟XWV1VubM!J">Q[MOZnLQQLMVQ [>ybQ~^IOa^IT~[nO'0WbbnNuZu["P\X["VMbWXWVP] XKWVMV]XTWIL[> GIV]TU + )VaG!GNZQ[[XLN 7ZJnV <IUn[ " <PQZa aMIZ[ WN >Q[MOZIL ;]UUQ[ UMMQVO[ IVL PMUM[ WN I +MVIT -]ZWXMIV KWWXMZIQWV *]LIXM[" ,IV]JM1V[Q]M
:ILI8uMZ"aMIZ[WN >Q[MOZIL+WWXMZIQWVIVLPM<ZIV[ITIVQK:MTIQWV[º*Qb8WT)ٺIQZ[>WT!6W W ;bISnTVu;bIJ~BQI"0IZUQVKu^MISb[WV·)>Q[MOZnLQ6uOaMSMOa\U͒SLu[uVMSXWTQQSIQNMRT˟Lu[Q y^MISMbLMMS˟TVIXRIQVSQO3TOaQ5͒PMTa[b ;b͒K[2MV˟! ">nbTI-]Z~XIPnZWUZuVMQZuOQ~RnZ~T*]LIXM["5IO^M˟3QIL~ ?IT3MVVMP"<PMWZaWN 1VMZVIQWVIT8WTQQK[4WVO/ZW^M14"?I^MTIVL8ZM[[ 286
Just like you draw up a plan when you’re going to war, building a house, or even going on vacation, you need to draw up a plan for your business. This tutorial will help you to clearly see where you are and make it possible to understand where you’re going.
