Történelem | Középiskola » Történelem angol nyelven középszintű írásbeli érettségi vizsga megoldással, 2012

ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA 2012. május 9 Név: . osztály: TÖRTÉNELEM ANGOL NYELVEN KÖZÉPSZINTŰ ÍRÁSBELI VIZSGA 2012. május 9 8:00 Az írásbeli vizsga időtartama: 180 perc Pótlapok száma Tisztázati Piszkozati NEMZETI ERŐFORRÁS MINISZTÉRIUM Történelem angol nyelven középszint írásbeli vizsga 1013 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: Important information Give clear answers and make all your work unambiguous – even if you need to make corrections in your text. Try to be concise and keep to the point. Do not use more space than is provided Only write the number of words or items specified in the task. (If you write more, your answers will be evaluated in the order they appear.) Please write in blue ink. When working on the exam tasks consider the following. • Read the instructions carefully. • Do exactly what the instructions tell you. • Study the sources provided (pictures, diagrams, texts, maps). Please keep in mind that the

English texts will be only rough translations which render the meaning of the original text, but not their archaic style. • Use the resources that you are allowed to use for each task: the maps of the secondary school Historical Atlas [középiskolai történelmi atlasz] and the bilingual dictionaries. People, topographical data and concepts can only be evaluated when correctly spelled. • Consider your answers carefully before writing them down so that you do not have to correct them later. We advise you to follow these steps when dealing with the shorter or longer essay-type questions: 1. Identify the place and time of the given event or problem 2. Use the given sources and the atlas [középiskolai történelmi atlasz] to understand the task. 3. Collect the general concepts (for example: development, change, production) and the time-specific concepts (for example: serf, guild, personality cult) that can be used to describe the given event or problem. 4. Include the information

contained in the sources, or the conclusions that can be drawn from them, in your answers. 5. Make drafts or outlines before writing your answers if necessary 6. Identify the events leading up to the given situation, its causes and its results 7. Describe assumptions about, and explanations of, events 8. Include your own knowledge of the era (names and dates) as well as your own opinions and personal perspective of it. 9. Make sure that your sentences are clearly structured, and that your ideas are easy to follow. 10. Your whole answer should have a clear structure Check your grammar and spelling For your information: The following will be considered when your essays are evaluated: • understanding of the task • proper and relevant content • logical overall structure and accurate language. Good Luck! írásbeli vizsga 1013 2 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: I. SHORT-ANSWER TASKS 1. This task is about world religions Do the

tasks using the source and your knowledge. (Score: 1 point for each correct item a) Which religion can be connected to the picture? . b) Name the person in the centre of the picture. c) What do we call the people positioned around the central figure? 3 points 2. This task is about the military system of the Ottoman Empire Write the correct technical terms on the dotted lines. Choose the technical terms from the list below There are two extra terms. (1 point for each correct item) Technical terms: janissaries, caliph, palatine, spahis, sultan, “castle people” [várnépek] ‘The Turkish tribes of Asia Minor were organised into a military state by Ottoman Vizier. The economy of the empire was founded on the exploitation of conquered territories. Privileges of birth were not recognised; all land became the property of írásbeli vizsga 1013 3 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: the a) . , who also acquired the highest

ecclesiastical office, with the title of b) . The most important part of the state apparatus was the army, which was divided into two important branches. The cavalry troopers, or c) ., were given land for their services, but this could not be inherited. The sultan could reclaim it at any time The d) were mercenary infantrymen, who were either recruited or more often brought up to be soldiers, the propagators of Islam from childhood.’ (Course book text) 4 points 3. This task is about the economic policy of Charles Robert Answer the questions using the sources and your own knowledge. Mining and foreign trade in Hungary in the 14th century Ércbánya Kősóbánya Hadmozdulatok Kereskedelem Prága Krakkó Cseh bányászok Arany Bor Marha Metal mine Rock salt mine Military manoeuvres Trade Prague Crakow Bohemian miners Gold Wine Cattle írásbeli vizsga 1013 Réz Fegyver Szövet Fémáru Horvátország Adriai tenger Nápoly Házassági szerződés Havasalföld Erdély 4 / 36

Copper Weapons Textile Metal goods Croatia Adriatic Sea Naples Marriage contract Wallachia Transylvania 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: ‘We graciously decree that if there is a gold or silver mine found on any of the prelates’, friars’, priests’ or noblemen’s land, and so far as they do not deny their existence nor refuse to open them up, they can happily enjoy the ownership of those lands forever where those gold and silver mines can be found. Furthermore they will also receive one third of the king’s royal revenue, which is due according to the traditions of miners, from the income of the mines forever.’ (Charles Robert’s Charter, 1327) „Elrendeljük, hogy ha az egyházak vagy nemesek bármelyikének földjén arany-, illetve ezüstbányát fognak találni, s amennyiben nem tagadják le azok létezését és nem tagadják meg a feltárásukat, akkor ugyanők örökre élvezzék azon földjeik változatlan

birtoklását, amelyeken ezek az arany- és ezüstbányák találhatók, sőt a földjükön talált arany-, illetve ezüstbányákból származó, a bányászok szokása szerint befolyó királyi jövedelmek harmadrészét is kapják meg.” (Károly Róbert rendelete, 1327) a) On the basis of the map, name two exported articles which played a significant role in Hungarian foreign trade towards the West. (05 points for each correct item) . b) Name two measures taken by Charles Robert which promoted the development of gold mining. (05 points for each correct item) c) After the introduction of a stable currency Charles Robert did not devalue money any more in order to increase his income. What new reform did he introduce to make up for the loss in revenues? (1 point) 3 points 4. This task is about the Enlightenment Match the sources with the concepts in the table. Write the letter of the appropriate source (diagram or quotation) into the table. There is one extra source (1 point

for each correct item) A) Execution Legislation Jurisdiction Society írásbeli vizsga 1013 5 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: B) ‘[] its aim is to collect all the knowledge scattered over the face of the earth, to present its general outlines and structure to the men with whom we live, and to transmit this to those who will come after us, so that the work of past centuries may be useful to the following centuries, that our grandchildren, by becoming more educated, may at the same time become more virtuous and happier, and that we may not die without having deserved well of the human race.’ (Diderot) B) „[] az a célja, hogy összegyűjtse a föld színén szétszórt ismereteket, feltárja ez ismeretek általános rendszerét azoknak az embereknek, akikkel egy korban élünk s átadja őket azoknak, akik majd miutánunk jönnek; az elmúlt századok munkái ily módon nem lesznek fölöslegesek az eljövendő századoknak;

unokáink nemcsak műveltebbek, hanem erényesebbek és boldogabbak is lesznek; s mi magunk se halunk meg anélkül, hogy ne használnánk az emberiségnek.” (Diderot) C) ‘The first man who, having enclosed a piece of ground, bethought himself of saying "This is mine," and found people simple enough to believe him, was the real founder of civil society. Humanity would have been spared infinite crimes, wars, homicides, misery and attrocities, if only someone had ripped up the fences or filled in the ditches and said, "Do not listen to this pretender! You are eternally lost if you do not remember that the fruits of the earth are everyones property and that the land is no-ones property!’ (Rousseau) C) „Az első ember, aki bekerített egy földdarabot és azt találta mondani: ez az enyém, s oly együgyű emberekre akadt, akik ezt el is hitték neki, ez az ember teremtette meg a polgári társadalmat. Mennyi bűntől, háborútól, gyilkosságtól, nyomorúságtól

és szörnyűségtől menekült volna meg az emberi nem, ha valaki kiszakítja a jelzőkarókat vagy betemeti az árkot, és így kiált társaihoz: Ne hallgassatok erre a csalóra! Elvesztetek, ha megfeledkeztek róla, hogy a termés mindenkié, a föld pedig senkié!” (Rousseau) D) ‘A principle of governing put into practice from the 1760’s and 70’s in countries which were falling behind the centre of development in Europe. It intended to catch up with or at least reduce the gap from this centre, and it was based on certain philosophical works, often employing the direct help of the very same philosophers.’ (Lexicon entry) D) „Az 1760-70-es évektől kezdődően az európai fejlődési centrumtól leszakadóban lévő országokban megvalósított kormányzati elv, amely a felzárkózást, vagy legalábbis a lemaradás mérséklését igyekezett megvalósítani, egy-egy filozófiai munkára építve – és gyakran ugyanezen filozófusok közvetlen segítségével.”

(Lexikon szócikk) E)’Each of us puts in common his person and his whole power under the supreme direction of the general will, and in return we receive every member as an indivisible part of the whole.’ (Rousseau) E) „Minden személy, valamennyi képességével együtt, az általános akarat legfőbb irányítása alatt egyesül, és mindenkit testületileg az összesség elkülöníthetetlen részévé fogadunk.” (Rousseau) írásbeli vizsga 1013 6 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: Concepts Letter of source a) Enlightened Absolutism b) Social Contract c) French Encyclopedia d) Division of Powers 4 points 5. This task is about the turning points of the Rákóczi freedom fight Each source below can be linked to an event listed in the table. Write the letter of the appropriate source into the table, next to the event. (1 point for each correct item) A) ‘They finally came to an agreement by which, in accordance with the

spirit of the language of the country, the title of the leader should refer to a prince who commands, or to be more specific to a prince who commands the alliance of estates, which is Dux in Latin. I agreed with this plan’ (From the Memoirs of Ferenc Rákóczi II) A) „Végül megegyeztek abban, hogy a vezér címe az ország nyelvének szellemében olyan fejedelmet jelöljön, aki vezérel, jobban mondva a szövetkezett rendek vezérlő fejedelmét amit a latin Dux szóval jelöl. Ezt a tervet helyeseltem” (II Rákóczi Ferenc emlékirataiból) B) ‘I cannot now remember precisely if it was me or Bercsényi who recommended that we should declare invalid any claims made by the House of Austria with regard to this nation. This move was greeted with clapping, signed and later printed’ (From the Memoirs of Ferenc Rákóczi II) B) „Már nem emlékszem rá pontosan, én ajánlottam-e, vagy Bercsényi, hogy nyilvánítsunk érvénytelennek minden igényt, melyet az Ausztriai Ház a

nemzettel szemben fenntart. Ezt az indítványt tapssal fogadták, aláírták, és később kinyomták” (II. Rákóczi Ferenc emlékirataiból) C) ‘I was galloping at full tilt, as they say, over the ditches, and as I was approaching I saw that the front of this regiment was also about to set off. I was in a haste to hold them back, and I did not really pay attention to the ground, [] the horse took off badly for the jump, tripped, tumbled and collapsed, and died. [] I was badly bruised over my left eye and I fainted. They hoisted me on a horse and carried me away from the battlefield into a nearby forest, where I learned that all was lost.’ (From the Memoirs of Ferenc Rákóczi II) C) „Oda igyekeztem, ahogy mondják lóhalálában vágtatva, az árkokon keresztül, és mikor közeledtem láttam, hogy ennek az ezrednek az eleje is indulni készül. Siettem, hogy visszatartsam őket, és nem nagyon ügyeltem a talajra, [] a ló rosszul lendült ugrásba, megbotlott, bukfencet

vetve összerogyott, és kiadta páráját. [] bal szemem fölött nagy zúzódás keletkezett, és eszméletemet elvesztettem. Lóra ültettek és írásbeli vizsga 1013 7 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: elvezettek a csatatérről egy közeli erdőbe, ahol megtudtam, hogy minden elveszett” (II. Rákóczi Ferenc emlékirataiból) D) ‘They told me about the misery of the people, about the despair which forces them to arm themselves, should I take pity on them and offer them any help. [] we decided we had to make use of the burning spirits, and we should send them a few flags and military insignia accompanied by open letters with our emissaries.’ (From the Memoirs of Ferenc Rákóczi II) D) „Előadták nekem a nép végső nyomorát, a kétségbeesést, amely arra kényszeríti őket hogy fegyvert fogjanak, ha állapotukat megszánom és bármiféle segítséget ígérek nekik. [] úgy döntöttünk hogy ki kell használnunk

a lelkek hevülését, és néhány zászlót és hadi jelvényt kell nekik megbízottainkkal elküldeni nyílt levelek kíséretében.” (II Rákóczi Ferenc emlékirataiból) Event Letter of source a) The diet of Ónod declared the dethronement of Joseph I. b) The delegates of the rebels of Tiszahát met Ferenc Rákóczi II in the castle of Brezan. c) The Kurucz forces suffered a defeat at Trencsén. d) The diet of Szécsény brought a decision about the political government of Hungary. 4 points 6. This task is about the inventions of the first industrial revolution Match the pictures with the descriptions of the inventions and their names. Write the correct letters and numbers into the table. There is an extra invention (05 points for each correct item) a) írásbeli vizsga 1013 b) 8 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: c) d) A) ’A machine perfected by the English technician James Watt [] with the help of valves steam is

directed on the piston from above and then from below alternately, thus [] actual work is done by steam. Its advantage lies in the fact that the slave cylinder does not need constant cooling and heating, so in this way energy does not get wasted.’ (Lexicon entry) A) „James Watt angol technikus által tökéletesített gép [] a gőzt szelepek segítségével hol felülről, hol alulról eresztette rá a dugattyúra, így [.] a gőz végzi a tényleges munkát. Előnye, hogy a munkahengert nem kell folyton lehűteni és felmelegíteni, és ezzel nem vész el energia.” (Lexikon szócikk) B) ’A machine created and perfected by Hargreaves between 1764 and 1770 [.] which could spin first eight, then sixteen spindles. [With this device] the amount of flax that could be processed increased by twenty-five times compared to what could be processed on a traditional spinning wheel.’ (Lexicon entry) B) „Hargreaves által 1764-70 között kialakított és tökéletesített gép [], mely

nyolc, majd tizenhat orsót tudott hajtani egyszerre.[Ezzel a szerkezettel] huszonötször annyi lent lehetett feldolgozni, mint a hagyományos rokkával.” (Lexikon szócikk) C) ‘When they gave the signal, the machine started with its great row of wagons. [] After 65 minutes the machine arrived in Darlington. The construction of George Stephenson proved to be the fastest.’ (Contemporary report; 1825) C) „Miután megadták a jelet, a gép roppant kocsisorával együtt megindult. [] A gép 65 perc elteltével megérkezett Darlingtonba. George Stephenson konstrukciója bizonyult a leggyorsabbnak.” (Korabeli beszámoló; 1825) írásbeli vizsga 1013 9 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: D) ‘[] it proved to convey information at a speed which greatly exceeded the performance of engines in this field. [] His machine now enables the most precise, perfectly safe conveyance of our thoughts [].’ (Contemporary report; 1844) D) „[]

alkalmasnak bizonyult a hírek olyan sebességgel történő továbbítására, ami ezen a területen a mozdonyok teljesítőképességét messze túlszárnyalta. [] készüléke már lehetővé teszi gondolataink legpontosabb, tökéletesen biztos közlését [].” (Korabeli beszámoló; 1844) 1. steam locomotive 2 steam engine 3 electric telegraph 4 lathe 5 spinning jenny Letter of picture a) b) c) d) Letter of description Number of invention 4 points 7. This task is about industry under the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy The following table contains information about different branches of industry. Write the names of the appropriate branches next to the statements. After each branch name an industrial centre using the map supplied. (05 points for each correct item) 1898 1913 Number of Production Number of Production workers value (1000 workers value (1000 (head) korona) (head) korona) Mining 69 881 98 045 84 191 179 742 Iron and metallurgy 44 545 184 125 62 081 503 087 Machine

industry 33 008 132 011 47 638 229 991 Electric energy generation 3003 35 095 12 768 75 023 Building material industry 31 589 51 309 65 850 136 581 Chemical industry 12 145 83 831 25 548 241 993 Timber industry 28 227 96 726 69 653 225 075 Leather industry 4722 30 928 9 412 91 245 Textile industry 13 742 53 473 46 380 208 629 Clothing industry 3539 20 407 10 962 33 393 Paper industry 5469 15 955 9 395 52 520 Food industry 46119 645 978 77 167 1 287 707 Printing industry 6078 17 079 11 124 50 489 Total 302 067 1 464 962 532 169 3 314 479 The structure of the branches of manufacturing industry at the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century LIGHT HEAVY Branch írásbeli vizsga 1013 10 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: Hungarian industry in 1913 Dohánygyár Vasgyártás Gépgyártás Vegyipari (szappan, gyertya, petróleum, műtrágya etc.) gyár textilgyár bőr-, cipőgyár papírgyár fűrésztelep

porcelán-, kőedény- üveggyár malomipar szesz-, sör-, pezsgő-konyakgyár cukorgyár növényikonzerv-gyár tobacco factory iron production machine production chemical (soap, candle, petroleum, fertiliser etc.) factory textile factory leather, shoe factory paper factory sawmill porcelain, stoneware, glass factory milling industry alcohol, beer, champagne, cognac factory sugar factory tinned vegetable factory Statement Branch Industrial centre (town) a) A branch of heavy industry which employed the second highest number of workers at the end of the 19th century. b) It was the most outstanding branch of light industry considering its production value before World War I. It had been developing dynamically from as early as the 1850’s. c) The most dynamically developing branch of light industry. At first the market was dominated by the Austrians; development was detectable from the turn of the century. írásbeli vizsga 1013 11 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol

nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: d) A modern branch of heavy industry in which the number of people employed approximately doubled between 1898 and 1913, while the production value approximately tripled. 4 points 8. This task is about the changes in the role of women which took place in the first half of the 20th century. Decide whether the following statements are true or false, using the sources and your own knowledge. Mark your choice with an X (1 point for each correct item) Distribution of active female earners according to social class (1910-1930) (as percentages of the female population) Social class, layer 1910 (%) 1930 (%) Free-lance intellectuals 3.9 8.1 Independent small-scale 7.9 7.5 artisans, retailers Workers 9.3 16.0 Household employees 20.1 16.1 Day labourers 4.0 2.0 Agricultural labourers, estate 17.4 13.4 servants (Changes in social mobility in Hungary by Rudolf Andorka) Statement a) In the one and the half decades following the outbreak of the World War I

the proportion of women working in agriculture rose sharply in Hungary. b) The proportion of women pursuing intellectual careers increased in Hungary in the 1910’s and 20’s. c) Fashion also followed the changes: ladies’ fashions became more comfortable, thus enabling women to move more freely. d) Most women in Hungary in 1930 were employed as factory workers. Ladies’ fashions in the 1920’s True False 4 points írásbeli vizsga 1013 12 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: 9. This task is about the history of Hungarian Jews in the 20th century Match the events listed below with the appropriate periods. Write the letter of events into the table. Only one letter can appear in each line Put an X next to the one period which does not have a matching event. (1 point for each correct item) A) organisation and beginning of deportations B) enactment of the ‘numerus clausus’ law C) introduction and enactment of the Third

Anti-Jewish Law Period a) early period of the consolidation of the counter-revolutionary regime b) period of the Great Depression Letter of event c) the months following Hungary’s entry into World War II d) the months following the German occupation of Hungary 4 points Economically active population 1930 – 1960 (%) 10. This task is about the industrialisation of Hungary in the first half of the 1950’s Do the tasks using the sources and your own knowledge. Building the Sztálinváros Ironworks egyéb munkás hivatalnok paraszt kisiparos értelmiségi írásbeli vizsga 1013 other worker civil servant peasant artisan intellectual 13 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: ‘[] at the heart of our five-year plan is the development of our iron and steel production at a pace that is unprecedented in the history of Hungarian industry.’ (Ernő Gerő, 1950) „[] ötéves tervünk alapkérdése a vas- és acéltermelésünk

fejlesztése olyan ütemben, amelyre nincs példa a magyar ipar történetében.” (Gerő Ernő; 1950) a) Following the example of which country’s economic model was industrialisation launched? (1 point) . b) On the basis of the sources name two changes which ensured that the increased labour force requirements of industry were satisfied. (05 points for each correct item) . c) Circle the letter of the sentence which is true about the industrialisation of the period. (1 point) A) In the process of industrialisation it was primarily Hungary’s geographical features that were taken into consideration. B) In the course of industrialisation emphasis was put on heavy industry. C) Industrialisation led to a general rise in living standards. 3 points 11. This task is about the characteristic features of mass culture in the 20th century Answer the questions using the source and your own knowledge. (1 point for each correct item) ‘By the 20th century arts were also characterised by new

distinctions which had been partly unknown in earlier periods. The world of today’s culture can be described less and less as the model of coexistence between folk and elite culture, which was gradually being replaced by the dualism of the so-called high (or artistic) and mass cultures. [] Mass culture was preceded by popular culture (almanacs, pulp fiction, romance, dance music). [] Mass culture is the ‘folklore’ of urban people It is a form of education which accommodates itself to the conditions set by urbanisation, industrialisation, popularisation, cultural goods production, technical reproduction, telecommunications, and the information industry. Today modern mass culture, this culture-producing sector organised on a large-scale industrial basis, produces tales, sensual images and alluring sounds for hundreds of millions of people. Its products can be transmitted practically anywhere via the network of computers and satellites.’ (Moving image culture and media studies by

László Hartai and Klára Muhi) írásbeli vizsga 1013 14 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: „A művészeteket a XX. századra új, a korábbi korszakok számára részben ismeretlen megosztottság is jellemzi. A kultúra mai világa egyre kevésbé írható le a népi és az elitkultúra együttélésének modelljében, azt fokozatosan az ún. magas (vagy artisztikus) illetve a tömegkultúra kettőssége váltja fel. [] A tömegkultúra előzménye a népszerű (vagy populáris) kultúra (kalendárium, ponyvairodalom, románc, tánczene) []. A tömegkultúra a városi ember "folklórja" A városiasodás, iparosodás, eltömegesedés, a kulturális árutermelés, a technikai reprodukció, a telekommunikáció és az információipar feltételeihez alkalmazkodó művelődési mód. A modern tömegkultúra, a nagyipari módon szervezett kultúragyártó ágazat ma emberek százmilliói számára termel meséket, érzéki

képeket és csábító hangzásvilágot. Termékei a hálózatba kapcsolódó számítógépek és a műholdak hatósugarának függvényében szinte bárhová eljuttathatóak.” (Hartai László–Muhi Klára: Mozgóképkultúra és médiaismeret) a) Which of the following is considered by the source as the opposite of 20th century mass culture? Circle the letter of the correct answer. A) high culture B) folk culture C) popular culture b) Name the change which affected the structure of society and contributed to the spread of mass culture. . c) Why is the development of telecommunications important from the point of view of the spread of mass culture? 3 points 12. This task is about present-day Hungarian society Answer the questions concerning the law on national and ethnic minority rights, using the source and your own knowledge. Put an X into the appropriate column of the table Write the number of the article which has helped you to answer the question in the fourth column of

the table. (Each line can only contain one number) (05 points for each correct item) ‘Article 1 For the purposes of the present Act a national or ethnic minority (hereinafter minority) is any ethnic group with a history of at least one century of living in the Republic of Hungary, which represents a numerical minority among the citizens of the state, the members of which are Hungarian citizens, and are distinguished from írásbeli vizsga 1013 15 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: the rest of the citizens by their own language, culture and traditions, and at the same time demonstrate a sense of belonging together, which is aimed at the preservation of all these, and the expression and protection of the interests of their communities, which have been formed in the course of history. Article 4 The Republic of Hungary prohibits any policy that - aims at, or leads to, the assimilation of a minority into the majority nation; - aims to

alter the national or ethnic conditions of territories inhabited by minorities to the disadvantage of the minorities; Article 5 In the Republic of Hungary minorities have a constitutional right to establish local and national self-governments. Article 7 The acknowledgement and admission of the fact that one belongs to a national or ethnic group or minority (hereinafter minority) is the exclusive and inalienable right of the individual. No-one is obliged to make a statement concerning the issue of which minority one belongs to. Article 10 Participation in public life by a person belonging to a minority must not be restricted. Members of minorities may establish organisations [.] to express and protect their interests - in accordance with the regulations of the Constitution. Article 18 Minority communities have the right to: [.] establish a national educational, training, cultural and scientific institutional network of their own within the boundaries of existing laws. Article 20 The

National Assembly shall elect an Ombudsman for National and Ethnic Minority Rights. Before the President of the Republic puts forward a proposal for the position of Ombudsman for National and Ethnic Minority Rights, s/he shall seek the opinion of national minority self-governments, or in the absence of such a council, the view of the registered national board representing the interests of the given minority. (Excerpts from Act LXXVII of 1993) „1. § E törvény értelmében nemzeti és etnikai kisebbség (a továbbiakban: kisebbség) minden olyan, a Magyar Köztársaság területén legalább egy évszázada honos népcsoport, amely az állam lakossága körében számszerű kisebbségben van, tagjai magyar állampolgárok és a lakosság többi részétől saját nyelve és kultúrája, hagyományai különböztetik meg, egyben olyan összetartozás-tudatról tesz bizonyságot, amely mindezek megőrzésére, történelmileg kialakult közösségeik érdekeinek kifejezésére és

védelmére irányul. 4. § A Magyar Köztársaság tilalmaz minden olyan politikát, amely: – a kisebbségnek a többségi nemzetbe való beolvasztását célozza vagy ezt eredményezi; – a kisebbségek által lakott területek nemzeti vagy etnikai viszonyainak a kisebbség szempontjából hátrányos megváltoztatására irányul; 5. § A Magyar Köztársaságban a kisebbségek alkotmányos joga helyi és országos önkormányzatok létesítése. írásbeli vizsga 1013 16 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: 7. § Valamely nemzeti, etnikai csoporthoz, kisebbséghez (a továbbiakban: kisebbséghez) való tartozás vállalása és kinyilvánítása az egyén kizárólagos és elidegeníthetetlen joga. A kisebbségi csoporthoz való tartozás kérdésében nyilatkozatra senki sem kötelezhető. 10. § A kisebbséghez tartozóknak a közéletben való részvétele nem korlátozható Érdekeik kifejezésére, védelmére – az

alkotmányos szabályozás szerint – [] szervezeteket hozhatnak létre. 18. § A kisebbségi közösségeknek joguk van: [] a törvények keretei között saját országos nevelési, oktatási, kulturális, tudományos intézményhálózat kialakítására. 20. § Az Országgyűlés megválasztja a nemzeti és etnikai kisebbségi jogok országgyűlési biztosát. A köztársasági elnök a nemzeti és etnikai kisebbségi jogok országgyűlési biztosának személyére vonatkozó javaslatának megtétele előtt kikéri az országos kisebbségi önkormányzatok – ha valamely kisebbség ilyen önkormányzattal nem rendelkezik, az adott kisebbség nyilvántartásba vett országos érdekképviseleti szervének – véleményét.” (Részletek az 1993 évi LXXVII törvényből) Question yes no Number of article: a) Does the law permit the foundation of a party for a nationality? b) Are immigrants granted minority rights? c) Are people obliged to answer questions concerning their

national status at the national census? d) Does the law consider forced assimilation acceptable in certain cases? e) Do nationalities have any influence over the choice of the ombudsman who safeguards their interest? 5 points írásbeli vizsga 1013 17 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: II. LONGER, ESSAY-TYPE QUESTIONS Please read the following information carefully. You must do three of the following tasks. You must make your selection using the following rules: You must do: one task on world history and two tasks on Hungarian history, one of which must be short while the other task must be long. They must also be about different periods of Hungarian history Study the tasks carefully. World history Hungarian history Number Periods and subjects Task type 13. French Absolutism short 14. Nazi ideology short 15. The population of Hungary in the 18th short century 16. Consequences of the Tartar invasion long 17.

Széchenyi in the Reform period short 18. Budapest at the turn of the century long Hungarian foreign policy between the World short Wars 20. The 1956 revolution and freedom fight long Below you will find a table with all the possible combinations of the tasks that you can choose. Mark one of the columns by circling the corresponding letter. 19. Task type A B C D E F G H I J K L Short 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 Short 15 15 17 17 19 19 15 15 17 17 19 19 Long 18 20 16 20 16 18 18 20 16 20 16 18 Only tasks which have been selected according to the rules above will be marked. You will find the evaluation criteria after each task. The scores will be entered by the examiners. Only do the three tasks you have selected, and leave the rest of them blank. Before doing the tasks please study the Important Information on page 2 of this booklet. You can make drafts while working on the answers. írásbeli vizsga 1013 18 / 36 2012.

május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: 13. This task is about French Absolutism (short) Describe how absolutist government was put into practice during the reign of Louis XIV in France, using the source and your own knowledge. ‘Gentlemen, I have had you assembled to tell you that until now I have been well pleased to leave my affairs to be governed by the late cardinal Mazarin. It is time that I should govern them myself. You will aid me with your counsels when I ask for them. I command you, Mr Chancellor, to put the seal of authority to nothing without my orders. And for You, secretaries of state, I warn you not to sign anything, even a passport, without my command.’ (Louis XIV’s speech to the ministers the day after Mazarin’s death; 1661) „Uraim, azért hívattam önöket, hogy elmondjam: eddig az államügyeket saját akaratomból a néhai Mazarin bíboros úr irányította. Most elérkezett az ideje, hogy magam kormányozzak. Önök

segíteni fognak a tanácsaikkal, amikor én kérem Önöktől Elrendelem, kancellár úr, hogy semmit se pecsételjen le az én parancsom nélkül, és Önök, Államtitkár urak, a rendelkezésem nélkül semmit sem írhatnak alá, még egy útlevelet sem.” (XIV Lajos beszéde a miniszterekhez Mazarin halálának másnapján; 1661) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . írásbeli vizsga 1013 19 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: Criteria Understanding of task Location: place and era Use of special vocabulary Use of sources Describing reasons behind an event Structure, clear language Total Exam points Maximum Achieved points 4 4 4 4 6 2 24 DIVIDED BY 2 12 14. This task is about Nazi ideology (short) Using the source and your own knowledge, describe the characteristic features of Nazi ideology. ‘Down with all the enemies of Great Germany!’ (Propaganda poster; 1940) írásbeli vizsga 1013 20 / 36 2012. május 9

Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: Criteria Understanding of task Location: place and era Use of special vocabulary Use of sources Describing reasons behind an event Structure, clear language Total Exam points Maximum Achieved points 4 4 4 4 6 2 24 DIVIDED BY 2 12 15. This task is about Hungary in the 18th century (short) Describe how the population changed in the course of the 18th century, using the sources and your own knowledge. In your answer, include the reasons for these changes Use your secondary school historical atlas. Population of Hungary (including Croatia) Beginning of 18 century (estimate) End of 18th century (census) 4 million people 9.5 million people th other: 1.3% Ruthenian: 3.7% Serbian and Croatian: 5.5% German: 10.7% Slovakian: 13.9% Romanian: 18.8% Hungarian: 46.1% Ethnic distribution of the population in Hungary at the end of the 18th century írásbeli vizsga 1013 21 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven

középszint Név: . osztály: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Criteria Understanding of task Location: place and era Use of special vocabulary Use of sources Describing reasons behind an event Structure, clear language Total Exam points Maximum Achieved points 4 4 4 4 6 2 24 DIVIDED BY 2 12 16. This task is about the Tartar invasion (long) Describe the consequences of the Tartar invasion and the policies of Béla IV following the invasion, using the sources and your own knowledge. Use your secondary school historical atlas. ‘[] we looked around the country devastated by the Tartars []. The towers of churches marked our way from one place to another, and these marked out a terrible journey []. We arrived in the town of Gyulafehérvár, where we found nothing but the bones and skulls of murdered ones, destroyed and undermined walls of basilicas and palaces. [] And at the tenth milestone [] there was a wonderfully high mountain [.] great numbers of men and women took refuge here,

and now Welcomed us in tears. [] Finally they gave us black bread, which they made from flour and ground oak bark. ’ (Lamentations by Rogerius) írásbeli vizsga 1013 22 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: „[] szemügyre vettük a tatároktól elpusztított vidéket []. Az egyházak tornyai voltak útmutató jeleink egyik helységből a másikba, és ezek is borzalmas utat jelöltek []. Gyulafehérvár városába érkeztünk, ahol semmit sem találtunk, csak megöltek csontjait és koponyáit, a bazilikák és paloták szétrombolt és aláásott falait. [] És a tizedik mérföldkőnél [.] volt egy csodálatosan magas hegy [] embereknek és asszonyoknak nagy sokasága menekült ide, és most könnyek között fogadtak. [] Végül fekete kenyeret adtak nekünk, amelyet lisztből és összemorzsolt tölgyfakéregből sütöttek.” (Rogerius: Siralmas ének) ’As formerly a substantial part of the population of the country was

either killed or dragged off by the Tartars, and the country, previously full of people, turned into wilderness in many places, by royal decree we wished to collect soldiers as well as farmers from all parts of the world in order to populate the devastated lands which have been deserted by their inhabitants.’ (Béla IV’s charter of 1268) „Miután a tatárok egykor az ország lakosainak nagy részét megölték, vagy elhurcolták, s az ország, amely azelőtt telve volt néppel, sok helyütt pusztasággá vált, királyi rendelettel igyekeztünk a világ minden részéről mind katonákat, mind földműveseket gyűjteni, az elpusztított és lakosaiktól elhagyott földek benépesítésére.” (IV Béla 1268. évi oklevele) We, [Béla IV], king of Hungary by God’s grace [] wish to inform everyone who reads our present letter that all the nobles of Hungary, who are called royal servients, came to us and asked us in a humble and respectful manner to allow them to keep their

granted freedom []. And as we have found that their requests and demands are just and lawful, upon consultation with the barons and with their full consent we found that these requests are to be granted []. We have also ordered that every year on the holiday of the saintly king one of us shall travel to Fehérvár, while two or three of the nobles shall also come at the same time from each of the counties, so that we could remedy any damage and injustice in their presence, whoever caused or did it, and make all petitioners amends. (From the lawbook of 1267) „Mi [IV. Béla] Isten kegyelméből Magyarország királya [] tudtára adjuk mindazoknak, akik jelen levelünket megtekintik, hogy Magyarország összes nemesei, akiket királyi servienseknek mondanak, hozzánk járulván, tőlünk alázatosan azt kérték, hogy őket [] elnyert szabadságukban megtartani kegyeskedjünk [] Mivel úgy találtuk , hogy kéréseik és követeléseik jogosak és törvényesek, tanácsot tartván

báróinkkal s az ő hozzájárulásukkal azokat teljesítendőnek véltük []. Úgyszintén elrendeltük, hogy minden évben a szent király ünnepén, közülünk valaki tartozzék Fehérvárra jönni, és minden megyéből két vagy három nemes tartozzék megjelenni, hogy azoknak jelenlétében minden kártevésről és jogtalanságról, bárki okozta és követte el azokat, minden panaszosnak elégtételt szolgáltassunk.” (Az 1267 évi törvényből) írásbeli vizsga 1013 23 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . írásbeli vizsga 1013 24 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: Criteria Understanding of task Location: place and era Use of special vocabulary Use of sources Describing the reasons behind an event Structure, clear language Total Exam points Maximum Achieved points 8 4 4 8 10 8 42 DIVIDED BY 2 21 17.

This task is about Hungarian history in the Reform period (short) Describe the proposals that Count István Széchenyi formulated in order to transform the Hungarian economy, using the source and your own knowledge. ‘7. The expenses of the treasury and the Diet should be levied on the nobility as well, according to income. Upon the introduction of these new laws the entire nation shall be revitalised, and as mobility will increase, it necessarily follows that: 8. The regulation of waters, the building and careful maintenance of roads, inland duties – to be paid equally by everybody - are to fall under the competence of the Diet, as in such matters harmony and close conformity are essential. But in spite of all this hard work [alone] cannot make great progress, thus we have to abolish for ever as harmful barriers: 9. Monopolies, guilds and limitations [the regulation of prices by the authorities] should be abolished for ever.’ (Stadium ; 1833) „7-szer: a házi pénztár s

országgyűlési költségek a nemestül is idomzat szerint [a birtok arányában] viseltessenek. Ezen törvények következésében új életre ébredend a hon, s nagyobb lévén a mozgás, szükségkép foly, hogy 8-szor: a vizek elrendezése, utak készítése s jó karban tartása, valamint a belvámok – mindenkitül egyenlőn fizetve – országgyűlési tárgyak legyenek; mert ilyesekben harmónia és szoros egybehangzás kell. De mind emellett a szorgalom hatalmasan nem léphet elő; s így félre kell vetni mint káros akadályt, 9-szer: a monopóliumokat, céheket, limitatiókat [a hatósági árszabásokat] s egyéb ilyes intézeteket örökre. ” (Stádium; 1833) . . . . . . . . írásbeli vizsga 1013 25 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: . . . . . . . . Criteria Understanding of task Location: place and era Use of special vocabulary Use of sources Describing reasons behind an event Structure, clear language Total

Exam points írásbeli vizsga 1013 26 / 36 Maximum Achieved points 4 4 4 4 6 2 24 DIVIDED BY 2 12 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: 18. This task is about the period of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy (long) Describe Budapest’s economic role, its development and the transformation of its society at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, using the sources and your own knowledge. Use your secondary school historical atlas. private companies state-owned share companies cooperatives Number of registered companies in Budapest according to the nature of the enterprise ’ §1. In order to be able to regulate the river Danube along Buda-Pest as required by the national interests of shipping and commerce and to ensure that the capital, as the centre of industry and trade, enjoys all the benefits of unhindered transportation which are the necessary preconditions for the development of industry and trade; the ministry is authorised

to issue drawn bonds to the extent of twenty-four million Austrian Forints, in order to cover the expenses of these investments required by the national interests.’ (Article X, 1870) „1. § Hogy a Duna-folyam Buda-Pest mellett aképpen szabályoztathassék, a mint a hajózás és kereskedés országos érdekei igénylik s a főváros, mint az ipar és kereskedelem központja, oly állásba emeltessék, mely számára a szabad közlekedés mindazon előnyeit biztosítsa a melyek az ipar és kereskedés fejlődésének nélkülözhetlen feltételei: felhatalmaztatik a ministerium, hogy ezen országos célból szükséges beruházásokra huszonnégy millió osztrák értékű forint erejéig sorsolási kölcsönt köthessen.” (1870 X törvénycikk) írásbeli vizsga 1013 27 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: Primary production Industry Trade, credit Public service, free-lance Day-labourers Living on income from capital Household

employees Military Transport Distribution of Budapest’s population according to professional groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . írásbeli vizsga 1013 28 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: . . . . . . . . . . Criteria Understanding of task Location: place and era Use of special vocabulary Use of sources Describing the reasons behind an event Structure, clear language Total Exam points Maximum Achieved points 8 4 4 8 10 8 42 DIVIDED BY 2 21 19. This task is about Hungarian history between the World Wars (short) Describe the role played by the question of territorial revision in Hungarian foreign policy in the 1920’s, using the source and your own knowledge. Use your secondary school historical atlas. ’We have not lost provinces. We have been dismembered [] we cannot give up one third of our race for eternity. We cannot accept this as truth [] If someone buttons his vest wrong he can only get his garment on

properly if he unbuttons it, and does it up again correctly. Perpetual peace cannot be built on these borders A prison can be constructed on these borders, in which we are the prisoners and the winners are the guards. [] we need different borders’ (from István Bethlen’s speech; 1928) „Mi nem tartományokat vesztettünk el. Bennünket feldaraboltak [] mi fajunk egyharmadáról örök időkre le nem mondhatunk. Ezt igazságul elfogadni nem tudjuk. [] Ha valaki a mellényét rosszul gombolta be, öltözékét csak úgy hozhatja rendbe, ha kigombolja, és azután jól gombolja be. Ezekre a határokra egy végleges békét felépíteni nem lehet. Ezekre a határokra fel lehet építeni egy börtönt, amelyben mi vagyunk az őrzöttek és a győzők az őrzők. [] nekünk más határokra van szükségünk.”(Bethlen István beszédéből; 1928) írásbeli vizsga 1013 29 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . Criteria Understanding of task Location: place and era Use of special vocabulary Use of sources Describing reasons behind an event Structure, clear language Total Exam points Maximum Achieved points 4 4 4 4 6 2 24 DIVIDED BY 2 12 20. This task is about the 1956 Hungarian revolution and freedom fight (long) Describe the reasons for the outbreak of the revolution, using your own knowledge and the sources. Outline the main events that took place on the day the revolution broke out ‘5. We demand universal, equal and secret elections, with the participation of several parties []. 7. We demand the reorganisation of economic life in Hungary [] Hungarian economic life based on the planned economy should be re-examined [] in the light of conditions in Hungary. 9. We demand the complete revision of norms for all industrial workers, and an immediate and radical adjustment of salaries in accordance with the just írásbeli vizsga 1013 30 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol

nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: requirements of workers and intellectuals. We demand a minimum living wage for workers. 10. We demand the system of compulsory delivery be reorganised on new basis [] We demand equal support for individual farms. 11. We demand reviews by independent tribunals of all political and economic trials as well as the release and rehabilitation of the innocent. 12. We demand complete recognition of freedom of opinion and expression, of freedom of the press and radio [] 13. We demand that the statue of Stalin [] be removed [] 14. We demand [] the restoration of the old Hungarian Kossuth coat of arms, [] that March 15th be declared a national holiday and October 6th a day of national mourning.’ (Extracts from the 16 points of Hungarian university students) „5. Általános, egyenlő és titkos választásokat követelünk az országban, több párt részvételével [] 7. Követeljük az egész magyar gazdasági élet átszervezését [] Vizsgálják

felül a tervgazdaságon alapuló egész gazdasági rendszerünket a hazai adottságoknak [] szem előtt tartásával. 9. Követeljük az iparban alkalmazott normák teljes revízióját, munkások és értelmiségiek bérköveteléseinek sürgős és alapvető rendezését. Kérjük a munkások létminimumának megállapítását. 10. Követeljük a beszolgáltatási rendszer új alapokra való fektetését [] az egyénileg dolgozó parasztok egyenrangú támogatását. 11. Követeljük az összes politikai és gazdasági pereknek független bíróságon való felülvizsgálását, az ártatlanul elítéltek szabadon bocsátását és rehabilitálását. 12. Teljes vélemény- és szólás- és sajtószabadságot, szabad rádiót [] 13. Követeljük, hogy [] a Sztálin-szobrot [] bontsák le [] 14. [] kívánjuk a régi magyar Kossuth-címer visszaállítását, [] március 15-e nemzeti ünnep, [] október 6-a pedig nemzeti gyászünnep [] legyen. ”(Részletek a magyar egyetemi

ifjúság 16 pontjából) The statue of Stalin on the evening of October 23 írásbeli vizsga 1013 31 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: ‘The main aim of the enemies of our nation today is to attempt to shake the power of the working class, to loosen the alliance of workers and peasants, to undermine the leading role of the working class in our country, to unsettle the faith invested by our people into their party, the Hungarian Workers’ Party, to attempt to loosen the closeknit friendly relationships between our country, the Hungarian People’s Republic and the other countries engaged in constructing Socialism, especially between our country and the Socialist Soviet Union. [] They claim we are not equal trading partners of the Soviet Union, that our relationship, so they say, is not a relationship based on equality, and that apparently our independence must be defended not against the Imperialists, but against the Soviet

Union. This is all utterly untrue []’ (Extract from a radio speech by Ernő Gerő) „Népünk ellenségeinek legfőbb törekvése ma az, hogy megkíséreljék megingatni a munkásosztály hatalmát, lazítani a munkás–paraszt szövetséget, aláásni a munkásosztály vezető szerepét országunkban, megrendíteni népünk hitét pártjában, a Magyar Dolgozók Pártjában, megkíséreljék lazítani a szoros baráti kapcsolatokat országunk, a Magyar Népköztársaság és a többi szocializmust építő ország között, különösen pedig országunk és a Szocialista Szovjetunió között. [] Azt állítják, hogy a Szovjetunióval nem egyenrangú kereskedelmet folytatunk, hogy a Szovjetunióhoz való viszonyunk állítólag nem az egyenlőség viszonya, és hogy függetlenségünket állítólag nem az imperialisták ellen, hanem a Szovjetunióval szemben kell megvédeni. Mindez szemenszedett valótlanság [].” (Részlet Gerő Ernő rádióbeszédéből) . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . írásbeli vizsga 1013 32 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Criteria Understanding of task Location: place and era Use of special vocabulary Use of sources Describing the reasons behind an event Structure, clear language Total Exam points írásbeli vizsga 1013 33 / 36 Maximum Achieved points 8 4 4 8 10 8 42 DIVIDED BY 2 21 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: írásbeli vizsga 1013 34 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: írásbeli vizsga 1013 35 / 36 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Név: . osztály: Maximum Achieved points points 1. World religions 2. Ottoman Empire 3. Charles Robert’s economic policy 4. Enlightenment 5. The Rákóczi freedom fight 6. Industrial revolution I Short answer 7. Industry under the Dual Monarchy tasks 8. Emancipation of women 9.

Hungarian Jews 10. Industry in the 1950’s 11. Mass culture, advertisement 12. Modern Hungarian society Total I 13. French Absolutism 14. Nazi ideology 15. Hungarian population in the 18th century 16. Consequences of the Tartar invasion II Longer, essay- 17. Széchényi in the Reform Period type questions 18. Budapest at the turn of the century 19. Hungarian foreign policy between the World Wars 20. The 1956 revolution and freedom fight Total II Total score for the written exam 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 5 45 12 12 12 21 12 21 12 21 45 90 Correcting teacher Date:. Achieved Points (rounded points rounded up up) to write in / Elért pontszám the software / Programba beírt egész számra egész pontszám kerekítve I Short, simple tasks / I. Egyszerű, rövid feladatok II Longer, essay-type questions / II. Szöveges, kifejtendő feladatok Correcting teacher / Javító tanár Dátum/Date:. írásbeli vizsga

1013 administrator / jegyző Dátum/Date:. 36 / 36 2012. május 9 ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA 2012. május 9 Történelem angol nyelven középszint Javítási-értékelési útmutató 1013 TÖRTÉNELEM ANGOL NYELVEN KÖZÉPSZINTŰ ÍRÁSBELI ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA JAVÍTÁSI-ÉRTÉKELÉSI ÚTMUTATÓ NEMZETI ERŐFORRÁS MINISZTÉRIUM Javítási-értékelési útmutató Történelem angol nyelven középszint Guide to the evaluation of written tasks The paper should be corrected using the following symbols, and in a colour different from that used by the candidate. 1. Correct answer 9 2. Missing part 3. Not closely connected to topic 4. Unnecessary part that cannot be evaluated (crossed out) 5. Grave mistake in the content (underlined) √ [ ] 6. Meaningless, unclear text, logical problems (underlined) ∼∼∼∼∼∼ 7. Inaccurate use of English (underlined) 8. Grave spelling or punctuation mistake (underlined) Under each task, on the left-hand side of a box you

can find the maximum number of points that can be given. Write the total (added-up) number of points achieved by the candidate in one task into the right-hand side of this box. The sub-points given for the sub-tasks should also be written on the test paper(s). Only the solutions provided in the key can be accepted, and the maximum number of points for each task should not be disregarded. The detailed key indicates if (parts of) alternative answers, i.e reasoning, can differ from the ones that are provided in the key I. Correcting and evaluating short-answer tasks The basis for evaluation is that the answers provided in the key must always be accepted. Scoring Correct answer/ or part of an answer: Incorrect answer: Missing answer: 0.5 or 1 point (according to the key) 0 points 0 points 0.5 points can only be given where the key specifically allows for it Points allocated to individual parts of a task cannot be further subdivided. When adding up the sub points for a task, points

should not be rounded up or down, e.g 35 should be left as 3.5 and not 4 points When scoring tasks with answers consisting of several elements or parts: • when 2 points can be given and the answer consists of two parts, each correct part can be awarded 1 point, • when 1 point can be given and the answer consists of two parts, each correct part can be awarded 0.5 points írásbeli vizsga 1013 2 / 19 2012. május 9 Javítási-értékelési útmutató Történelem angol nyelven középszint In the case of open-ended questions (e.g reasoning, text analysis) any answer that has the same content as the answer provided in the key should be accepted. (This is why solutions for these tasks begin with e.g) In the case of tasks where the candidate has had to choose the correct answer from among several options, e.g to decide if a statement is true or false, no points can be given to a candidate who has underlined or marked more than one of the options. If a specific number of

elements are required in one answer and the candidate provides more that this number of elements, then they must be evaluated in the order in which they are written. Extra points cannot be given. Points cannot be subtracted for incorrect or missing answers. If the total of short-answer tasks is a round number, nothing needs to be done, if it is not, it should be rounded up according to the mathematical rules (e.g 235 points should be rounded up to 24 points). The names of persons, topographical data and concepts which are in the national curricula can only be evaluated if they are spelled correctly. The key must be followed in all circumstances, except in very special cases, the reason for which must be explained in writing. II. Correcting and evaluating longer, essay-type questions 1. Choosing the right tasks Altogether three tasks can be evaluated: one short essay about world history, one short essay about Hungarian history, one long essay about Hungarian history. The two essays

about Hungarian history should be about two different periods. Evaluating the paper when the essay questions were not chosen correctly If the candidate chose three tasks but disregarded the guidelines for choosing the right essay length or period, etc. • the task(s) that would bring the fewest points should be disregarded so that the total score is as high as possible • the task(s) that are chosen correctly and that would bring the highest number of points to the candidate should be evaluated and scored If a candidate started working on more than three tasks, but his or her final choice of tasks is not indicated properly, and there are three tasks that were chosen correctly, then the task that comes earliest in the test booklet should be evaluated, followed by those two that were correctly chosen. For example these can be tasks 13, 15, 18 or 14, 15, 18 If the candidate starts working on more than three tasks, but s/he has not chosen at least three tasks correctly, then those two or

that one should be evaluated that were correctly chosen, and which would bring the highest number of points. If the candidate starts working on all the tasks but has failed to indicate which three s/he would like evaluated, then, according to the instructions to the test, tasks 13, 15, 20 should be evaluated. írásbeli vizsga 1013 3 / 19 2012. május 9 Javítási-értékelési útmutató Történelem angol nyelven középszint 2. Evaluating the tasks When evaluating the tasks, the following should be taken into consideration: a) understanding of the task b) required skills and content c) logical overall structure and accurate language The essay-type questions should be evaluated using the key, which contains specific guidelines for evaluating the content and the skills that are required. a) Scoring of ’understanding of the task’: When evaluating whether the candidate has understood the task properly, consider the following • Identifying the task (period, topic): did

the candidate write about the problem, topic, and period in question? • Keeping to the topic, emphasizing the main points: did the candidate focus on the main point of the question? • Content value, complexity: how complex and relevant are the reasoning and the statements? • Variety and efficiency of skills used: did the candidate use the appropriate sources, and did s/he state the main points and draw the conclusion properly? First of all decide whether the candidate can be given any points at all (out of the maximum 4 or 8 points) for ‘understanding of the task’. If not, the total number of points achieved for that task can only be 0 too. For shorter, problem-solving essay tasks 4 points can only be given if the candidate has fully and correctly understood the problem, and his/her answer is proportionate, logical and focussed. The candidate uses the sources to draw important conclusions; the ratio of specific and general statements is balanced. 3 points can be given

if the candidate deals with the whole scope of the problem, understands it correctly, but the answer is unbalanced or not focussed. 2 points can be given if the problem is only partially dealt with, and, although the sources are used, no main conclusions are drawn from them. 1 point can be given if at least one of the statements of the candidate proves that s/he has understood the problem, but most of the answer does not focus on identifying or discussing the problem task. 0 points can be given if the candidate has not understood the task or has completely misunderstood it, does not use the sources and his/her statements are not relevant to the problem. írásbeli vizsga 1013 4 / 19 2012. május 9 Javítási-értékelési útmutató Történelem angol nyelven középszint For longer, analysis-type essay tasks 7-8 points can only be given if the candidate has fully and correctly understood the problem, and his/her answer is proportionate, logical and focussed. The candidate

uses the sources to draw important conclusions; the ratio of specific and general statements is balanced. 4-6 points can be given if the candidate deals with the whole scope of the problem, and has understood it correctly, but the answer is unbalanced and not focussed. 2-3 points can be given if the problem is only partially dealt with, and, although the sources are used, no main conclusions are drawn from them. 1 point can be given if at least one of the statements of the candidate proves that s/he has understood the problem, but most of the answer does not focus on identifying or discussing the problem task. 0 points can be given if the candidate has not understood the task or has completely misunderstood it, does not use the sources, and his/her statements are not relevant to the problem. b) Scoring ‘skills and content’ In the key the skills and competences (e.g location of era and space, use of sources) a candidate has to show are marked with the letter ‘S’, while the

description of what is required in terms of content is marked with the letter ‘C’. Naturally, there is a close relationship between these two aspects of scoring, since the skills can only be realized and evaluated through (the study of) content. Usually one or two elements of content correspond to a skill or competence in the case of the shorter problem-solving essay tasks, whereas in the case of the longer, analysis-type essay tasks two or three elements will be involved, especially in the part where the causes of an event are to be identified. If the key identifies only one element of content as belonging to a skill, then the number of points given for skills and contents must be the same. (Eg in the case of short answer tasks only 0, 2 or 4 points can be awarded for the criteria Location: era and place, Use of special vocabulary and Use of sources, and the same points can be awarded for Location: era and place, Use of special vocabulary in longer, essay-type tasks.) If the key

provides several content entries for a skill, certain points cannot be awarded because of the close connection between them (e.g in the case of short tasks 1 or 4 points cannot be awarded for Description of factors influencing events, while in the case of longer questions 1 or 5 points cannot be awarded for Use of sources and 1 or 6 points cannot be awarded for Description of factors influencing events). As a general rule, follow the guidelines below when scoring the ‘skills and content’ section: Scoring ‘Skills’ (‘S’) 2 points can be given if the score for content belonging to skill is relatively high (more than 50 percent of the maximum points ) 1 point can be given if the candidate achieved at least 1 point for content and there are no grave mistakes (incorrect facts or statements) 0 points can be given if the candidate does not get any points for content and his/her answer contains a grave mistake. írásbeli vizsga 1013 5 / 19 2012. május 9

Javítási-értékelési útmutató Történelem angol nyelven középszint The examples (E.g) provided in the contents section show what can be accepted as good answers. Most of the elements of content have two parts: identifying the period and the location; using general and specific concepts; listing (identifying and presenting) and interpretation (conclusion). If the answer fails to include both of these pairs, then of course it means that the score should be halved too, leaving 1 point instead of the maximum 2. Obviously in the case of the content other combinations of elements can be accepted, besides those provided in the key, especially in the case of lists and conclusions. Sometimes the key uses the word ‘or’ when listing several good examples, but not all correct answers are listed here, so these are not the only ones that can be accepted. Scoring ‘Content’ (‘C’) 2 points can be given if sufficient accurate information is included, the analysis refers properly

and adequately to the sources (author, intentions, conditions, etc.), identifies several typical causes and results, and/or mentions people who are involved in the historical events. 1 point can be given if insufficient and not very relevant information, conclusions, or statements, and only few (and not very typical) data are included. 0 points can be given if no data are provided, relationships between events are not identified, or the statements are incorrect. c) Scoring ‘structure and clear language’ For shorter, problem-solving essay tasks 2 points can be given if the text is structured and well-built of clear sentences, without grave spelling or punctuation mistakes. 1 point can be given if the text contains several grammar and grave spelling mistakes. 0 points can be given if the text is merely an outline, an incoherent set of sentences. For longer, analysis-type essay tasks 7-8 points can be given if the text is logically structured, coherent and well-built of clear

sentences, suits the content, with detailed and varied statements, and without spelling, punctuation or grammar mistakes. 4-6 points can be given if the text is not very logically structured, but contains clear sentences; some of the statements are simple, one-sided, and there are some minor spelling, punctuation or grammar mistakes. 2-3 points can be given if the text contains clear sentences but is poorly structured, lacks the right proportions, and is incomplete (e.g the introductory, body or concluding paragraph is missing). The statements are simplified, one-sided, with errors in the use of language 1 point can be given if the text contains sentences, but without textual or contextual coherence, and with grave spelling, punctuation and grammar mistakes. 0 points can be given if the answer is merely an outline made up of words, rather than sentences. 3. The length of compositions The ability to express ideas within the constraints of a set number of lines is an important writing

skill. However, in well-justified cases paragraphs may exceed the dotted lines by 2-3 lines (in the case of short tasks) or 4-5 lines (longer tasks), and be evaluated. írásbeli vizsga 1013 6 / 19 2012. május 9 Javítási-értékelési útmutató Történelem angol nyelven középszint 4. Recommended steps in evaluating the essay-type tasks 1. Study the key for the task 2. Study the evaluation guide above 3. Check whether the candidate has chosen the tasks correctly 4. Read the candidate’s essay at least twice 5. Give the various scores using the guides for scoring 6. Add up the scores that will give the total number of points, then divide by 2 to get the exam points. 7. Do not round the scores for the tasks up or down 8. Add up the exam points of the three essays If the total is a round number, nothing needs to be done, if it is not, it should be rounded up according to the mathematical rules (e.g 235 points should be rounded up to 24 points) III. How to calculate the

final score of the exam paper Add up the scores of the first and second parts (I and II). Tables for evaluating and scoring the tasks Short essay tasks Criteria Understanding of task Location: era and place Use of special vocabulary Use of sources Describing the reasons behind events Structure, clear language Total Exam points Maximum Achieved points 4 4 4 4 6 2 24 DIVIDED BY 2 12 Long essay tasks Criteria Understanding of task Location: era and place Use of special vocabulary Use of sources Describing the reasons behind an event Structure, clear language Total Exam points írásbeli vizsga 1013 Maximum Achieved points 8 4 4 8 10 8 42 DIVIDED BY 2 21 7 / 19 2012. május 9 Javítási-értékelési útmutató Történelem angol nyelven középszint I. SHORT ANSWER TASKS 1. World religions (1 point for each correct item, total: 3 points) a) Christian(ity) b) Jesus of Nazareth or (Jesus) Christ c) apostles or disciples or the 12 apostles 2. Ottoman Empire (1 point for each

correct item, total: 4 points) a) sultan b) caliph c) spahis d) janissaries 3. Charles Robert’s economic policy (Total: 3 points) a) E.g livestock (cattle), wine (unworked noble and non-ferrous) metal (gold, copper) (Two correct items can be accepted) (0.5 points for each correct item) b) Settling (Bohemian) miners or the precious metal mine remained in the landlord’s possession or landlords received one third of the income from the mine (Two correct items can be accepted. Any other, essentially similar answer is also acceptable) (0.5 points for each correct item) c) He introduced gate tax (1 point) 4. Enlightenment (1 point for each correct item, total: 4 points) a) D) b) E) c) B) d) A) 5. The Rákóczi freedom fight (1 point for each correct item, total: 4 points) Event a) b) c) d) Letter of source B D C A 6. Industrial Revolution (05 points for each correct item, total: 4 points) Letter of picture a) b) c) d) írásbeli vizsga 1013 Letter of description B) D) A) C) Number

of invention 5 3 2 1 8 / 19 2012. május 9 Javítási-értékelési útmutató Történelem angol nyelven középszint 7. Industry under the Dual Monarchy (05 points for each correct item, total: 4 points) Branches Iron and metallurgy Food industry Textile industry Chemical industry a) b) c) d) Industrial centre/town e.g: Salgótarján, Diósgyőr, Miskolc e.g: Budapest, Kecskemét, Kalocsa, Szeged e.g: Győr, Sopron e.g: Budapest, Léva, Komárom 8. Emancipation of women (1 point for each correct item, total: 4 points) Statement a) b) c) d) True False X X X X 9. Hungarian Jews (1 point for each correct item, total: 4 points) Period Letter of event B X C A a) b) c) d) 10. Industry in the 1950’s (Total: 3 points) a) Soviet Union (1 point) b) The employment of women or (as a result of collectivisation) peasants moved away from villages or (as a result of nationalisation) independent artisans and retailers became workers. (Any two of the listed answers are acceptable.

Any other, essentially similar answer is also acceptable.) (05 points for each correct item) c) B (1 point) 11. Mass culture (1 point for each correct item, total: 3 points) a) A b) Urbanisation. (Any other, essentially similar answer is also acceptable) c) New means of telecommunication transmit the products of mass culture quickly to a large number of people. (Any other, essentially similar answer is also acceptable) 12. Present-day Hungarian society (05 points for each correct item, total: 5 points) Question a) b) c) d) e) írásbeli vizsga 1013 yes no Number of article: 10 1 7 4 20 X X X X X 9 / 19 2012. május 9 Javítási-értékelési útmutató Történelem angol nyelven középszint II. LONGER, ESSAY-TYPE QUESTIONS 13. French Absolutism (short) Criteria Skills and content The candidate basically describes the system of French Understanding Absolutism and the way in which it functioned. of task With the analysis of the source the essay refers to essential

connections (e.g the connections between unlimited power, the economy and the army.) Location: place S The candidate locates historical events in place and time. C The candidate mentions that King Louis XIV of France ruled and era in the 17th-18th centuries, and points out that France became a great continental power in Europe or refers to the fact that Versailles became the royal centre. S The candidate uses both general and topic-specific historical Use of special terminology correctly. vocabulary C The candidate uses the following general and topic-specific concepts: e.g ruler, state, power, army, Absolutism, Mercantilism. S The candidate incorporates the information from the source Use of sources into his/her answer and reaches simple conclusions based on it. C E.g The candidate mentions that unlike previous practice, Louis XIV restricted the state secretaries’ scope of responsibility, and points out that by doing so he concentrated the management of state affairs in his own

hands. S The candidate describes the most important characteristics of Describing reasons behind French Absolutism, and how the absolute monarchy functioned. C E.g the candidate defines the concept of Absolutism (a events system of government based on the unlimited power of the king), and points out one of its characteristic features (e.g disregarding the Estate General, increased royal income, system of bureaucracy). C E.g the candidate points out that Louis introduced a mercantilist economic policy, and names one of its elements (e.g protective tariffs to defend French industry, prohibiting the export of raw materials, improving infrastructure, founding manufactures) or mentions that Louis XIV established a large standing army and mentions one of its characteristic features (e.g regular, professional officers, uniforms); or mentions that Louis XIV spent significant sums of money on his court (e.g the construction of the palace of Versailles), and concludes that by doing so he wanted

to emphasise the absoluteness of royal power. Structure, clear The exposition consists of sentences and the text is logically constructed and coherent. The answer has no grave errors of language accuracy or spelling. TOTAL FOR THIS TASK MAXIMUM EXAM SCORE írásbeli vizsga 1013 Points 0–4 0–4 [neither 1 point nor 3 points can be awarded] 0–4 [neither 1 point nor 3 points can be awarded] 0–4 [neither 1 point nor 3 points can be awarded] 0–6 [neither 1 point nor 4 points can be awarded] 0–2 24 12 10 / 19 2012. május 9 Javítási-értékelési útmutató Történelem angol nyelven középszint 14. Nazi ideology (short) Criteria Skills and content The candidate basically describes the characteristic features of Nazi ideology. Understanding Using the source material the candidate refers to essential of task connections in his/her answer (e.g Nazi ideology mobilised the majority of German society in the 1930’s, because it advocated political unity, created an

image of the enemy etc.) S The candidate locates historical events in place and time. C It is clear from the answer that the ideology of National Socialism was a new school of ideology which emerged after Location: place the first World War, or the candidate mentions that Hitler’s and era accession to power was facilitated by the Great Depression (1929-33), or mentions the year Hitler came to power (1933), and s/he is aware of the fact that Nazi ideology emerged in Germany. S The candidate uses both general and topic-specific historical terminology correctly. Use of special C The candidate uses the following general and topic-specific vocabulary terms appropriately: e.g racial theory, propaganda, AntiSemitism, Führer principle (cult of the leader), National Socialism (Nazi). S Information from the source is incorporated in the exposition and the candidate reaches simple conclusions based on it. C E.g: On the basis of the source, s/he describes one of the Use of sources

characteristic features of Nazi ideology (e.g it created an image of the enemy, encouraged people to fight), and points out the purpose all this served (e.g reinforcing national consciousness, achieving the status of a great power). S The answer describes the most important features of Nazi ideology, and lists the means by which it achieved results. C E.g s/he mentions that Nazi ideology was characterised both by Nationalism and the promise of improving social conditions, and points out that this served Hitler’s political ambitions, or names one of the elements of national and social demagogy (e.g it promised work for the workers, land for the Describing peasants, the restriction of unions for the capitalists, and reasons behind demanded the revision of peace treaties and the expansion of events the German “living space” or lebensraum). C E.g the candidate mentions that the central idea of Nazi ideology was racial theory (the German race is superior) or that one of its important

features was Anti-Semitism, and reveals some characteristics of the way propaganda functioned (using modern technology and methods, applying verbal means of persuasion) or refers to the attitude towards Jews, or mentions the role Mein Kampf played in the foundation of the ideology. Structure, clear The exposition consists of sentences and the text is logically constructed and coherent. The answer has no grave errors of language accuracy or spelling. TOTAL FOR THIS TASK MAXIMUM EXAM SCORE írásbeli vizsga 1013 Points 0–4 0–4 [neither 1 point nor 3 points can be awarded] 0–4 [neither 1 point nor 3 points can be awarded] 0–4 [neither 1 point nor 3 points can be awarded] 0–6 [neither 1 point nor 4 points can be awarded] 0–2 24 12 11 / 19 2012. május 9 Javítási-értékelési útmutató Történelem angol nyelven középszint 15. The population of Hungary in the 18th century (short) Criteria Skills and content Points th The candidate describes the changes

that characterised the 18 century population of Hungary. Understanding Using the source materials the candidate refers to essential 0–4 connections in his/her answer (e.g the connection between the of task rapid increase in the population and the changes in ethnic conditions). 0–4 S The candidate locates historical events in place and time. C S/he mentions the characteristic directions of the population’s [neither Location: movements, and refers to the fact that in the 18th century 1 point nor 3 place and era Hungary was part of the Habsburg Empire or the end of the points Rákóczi freedom fight was followed by a peaceful period in can be Hungarian history. awarded] 0–4 S The candidate uses both general and topic-specific historical [neither terminology correctly. 1 point Use of special C The candidate correctly uses the following general and topicnor 3 vocabulary points specific terms: e.g population, nationality or ethnic group, can be immigration, (re-)settlement. awarded]

0–4 S The candidate incorporates the information from the sources [neither and reaches simple conclusions based on it. C E.g: s/he mentions that during the course of the 18th century 1 point Use of sources nor 3 Hungary’s population more than doubled, and points out that the points majority of the population belonged to different ethnic groups or can be that Hungarians were only a relative majority. awarded] S The candidate describes the main features that characterised the changes in population, and s/he formulates the reasons and consequences. C E.g: s/he mentions that the main reason for the rapid increase in population was self-motivated immigration or organised settlement (s/he may refer to the rise in the birth-rate), and 0–6 points out that those parts of the country which had become [neither Describing sparsely populated were resettled, or reveals one of the 1 point reasons underlying economic or political reasons for inviting the settlers nor 4 points behind events into

Hungary (increasing the tax base, Germanisation, recan be Catholicism, absolutist aspirations). awarded] C E.g: s/he lists the most important ethnic groups settling into Hungary and reveals one of the reasons for their immigration (better opportunities for making a living in the sparsely populated parts of the Alföld, temporary exemption of settlers from taxation and military service etc.), or s/he states that ethnic groups were also involved in internal migration. The exposition consists of sentences and the text is logically Structure, 0–2 clear language constructed and coherent. The answer has no grave errors of accuracy or spelling. TOTAL FOR THIS TASK 24 MAXIMUM EXAM SCORE írásbeli vizsga 1013 12 12 / 19 2012. május 9 Javítási-értékelési útmutató Történelem angol nyelven középszint 16. Consequences of the Tartar invasion (long) Criteria Points Skills and content The candidate basically describes the characteristic features of Béla IV’s policies

following the Tartar invasion. In a concise answer the candidate describes the consequences of the Tartar invasion and the change that took place in Béla IV’s policies. Understanding The exposition outlines the effects and consequences of the 0–8 measures he took (e.g grants of land, which were linked to of task castle building and the organisation of military forces, strengthened the country’s defences, but had undermined royal power by the end of the 13th century). In his/her answer the candidate uses and interprets sources and draws important conclusions from them. S The candidate locates historical events in place and time. 0–4 C S/he mentions the dates of Béla IV’s reign (1235-70) and of [neither 1 the Tartar invasion (1241-42) and refers to one of the Location: point nor geographical aspects of the topic (connections between castle- 3 points place and era building and geographical conditions or changes in the density can be of the population and the structure of

settlements, or the awarded] geographical aspects of resettlements). Use of special vocabulary 0–4 S The candidate uses both general and topic-specific historical [neither 1 terminology correctly. point nor C The candidate uses the following general and topic- 3 points specific terms: the Tartar invasion, population, castle, town, can be estate, power, rights of privilege, hospites, baron. awarded] Use of sources S The candidate incorporates the information in the sources in his/her answer and reaches conclusions based on it. C E.g the candidate points out that the Tartar invasion caused considerable damage in the country, and on the basis of the source mentions one of the components or 0–8 consequences of this destruction (reduction of the [neither 1 population, depopulation of settlements, starvation). point nor C E.g s/he mentions that Béla IV settled hospites in the 5 points country and points out that by doing so he intended to people can be awarded] the depopulated areas.

C E.g the candidate mentions that Béla IV confirmed (and extended) the privileges of the servients and points out that by doing this the king protected them from injustice or he consolidated their position. Describing reasons behind events S The candidate describes the measures taken by Béla IV, and 0–10 reveals the changes that these led to, both in society and in the [neither 1 economy, or in political life. point nor C E.g the candidate mentions that Béla IV granted estates, 6 points but under certain conditions (castle building) and states that by can be awarded] doing this he intended to strengthen the defensive capacity of the country, or this represented a radical change compared to írásbeli vizsga 1013 13 / 19 2012. május 9 Javítási-értékelési útmutató Történelem angol nyelven középszint his policy prior to the Tartar invasion. C E.g the candidate mentions that as a result of the grants and castle-building the power of the barons increased, and

points out that this led to the weakening of royal power, or that Béla IV attempted to counterbalance this by consolidating the servients’ position. C E.g the candidate mentions that Béla IV granted privileges to certain settlements and concludes that by doing so he contributed to the launching of urban development; or s/he points out that Béla IV settled the Cumans in the country, and states that the Cumans had an important role in the royal army. C Using his/her own knowledge and correct conclusions the candidate completes and supports his/her exposition. The text uses full sentences, the sentences are clear and unambiguous. The analysis is a well-constructed text which serves the logical Structure, clear exposition of the contents. language The statements made by the candidate give evidence of good analytical skills. The answer has no grave errors of accuracy or spelling. 0–8 TOTAL FOR THIS TASK 42 MAXIMUM EXAM SCORE 21 17. Széchenyi in the Reform period (short)

Criteria Skills and content Understanding of The candidate describes István Széchenyi’s ideas about transforming the economy. task The answer refers to essential connections (e.g Széchenyi’s proposals served modernisation and capitalist transformation). S The candidate locates historical events in place and time. Location: place C S/he mentions that Széchenyi first drafted most of his and era proposals in the 1830’s, and describes one of the geographical aspects of the topic (e.g Hungary was part of the Habsburg Empire, or its economy was less developed than Western Europe’s, or that it was his travels in England that made Széchenyi realise changes were necessary). S The candidate uses both general and topic-specific Use of special historical terminology correctly. vocabulary C The candidate uses the following general and topic-specific historical terms appropriately: e.g trade, credit, inalienability of inherited property [entailment, avicititas], general and

proportionate taxation. S The candidate incorporates the information in the source Use of sources into his/her answer and reaches simple conclusions based on it. C E.g s/he lists the economic proposals mentioned in the source (general and proportionate taxation, developing írásbeli vizsga 1013 14 / 19 Points 0–4 0–4 [neither 1 point nor 3 points can be awarded] 0–4 [neither 1 point nor 3 points can be awarded] 0–4 [neither 1 point nor 3 points can be awarded] 2012. május 9 Javítási-értékelési útmutató Történelem angol nyelven középszint infrastructure, ensuring free trade) and states that these were intended to boost the economy, or explains the connections between these proposals. S The candidate describes Széchenyi’s ideas, and points out Describing their significance. reasons behind C E.g the candidate mentions a proposal made by Széchenyi events which does not appear in the source (e.g the abolition of entailment – making credit available,

the abolition of socage, creating the pre-conditions for paid work) and concludes that 0–6 these were aimed at capitalist transformation (or modernisation or reducing Hungary’s backwardness), or [neither 1 point nor resulted in the development of the middle class. 4 points C E.g the candidate mentions that Széchenyi explained his can be views in several publications, or refers to his practical work awarded] concerning the economy, or refers to the economic aspects of his debate with Kossuth and points out that the transformation of the economy was at the heart of Széchenyi’s reform program, or that primarily he attempted to gain the support of the aristocracy or that Széchenyi wanted to avoid confrontation with the court. The exposition consists of sentences and the text is logically Structure, clear constructed and coherent. The answer has no grave errors of language 0–2 accuracy or spelling. TOTAL FOR THIS TASK 24 MAXIMUM EXAM SCORE 12 18. Budapest at the turn of the

century (long) Criteria Understanding of task Location: place and era írásbeli vizsga 1013 Skills and content Points The candidate basically describes the conditions in Budapest at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In a concise answer the candidate describes the economic development of the city and the economic role Budapest played in the country. 0–8 The analysis reveals the changes that took place in the structure and size of Budapest’s population . In his/her answer the candidate uses and interprets the sources and draws important conclusions from them. S The candidate correctly locates the historical events in place and time. 0–4 C S/he mentions that the time in question was part of the [neither period of the Dual Monarchy (1867-1918), or that it was 1 point during the second industrial revolution, or mentions the nor 3 points year of the Millennium (1896), and s/he understands the geographical connections of the development (the role of can be awarded]

Budapest, the centre, and its significance in transportation and trade). 15 / 19 2012. május 9 Javítási-értékelési útmutató Történelem angol nyelven középszint Use of special vocabulary Use of sources Describing the reasons behind events írásbeli vizsga 1013 S The candidate uses both general and topic-specific 0–4 [neither historical terminology correctly. C The candidate uses the following general and topic- 1 point nor 3 specific terms appropriately: e.g transportation, trade, points industry, development, society, population, Millennium, can be assimilation. awarded] S The candidate incorporates the information in the sources into his/her answer and reaches conclusions based on it. C E.g s/he mentions that the number of registered companies greatly increased in the period, and draws one essential conclusion from the data (e.g the majority of companies were private, the number of share companies grew most rapidly, state investment was significant). 0–8

[neither C E.g the candidate points out that the government used its own means to promote the development, and states that 1 point nor 5 by doing so it reinforced Budapest’s central role, or that points they made use of Budapest’s favourable location (Danube can be navigation). awarded] C E.g the candidate mentions a significant change in connection with the structure of the population (e.g increase in the proportion of people making a living from industry and trade, or decrease in the proportion of people living from agriculture), and highlights the close links between the changes in the structure of society and economic development (industrialisation). S The candidate describes the components of Budapest’s development, and analyses the intrinsic connections and consequences of the development. C E.g the candidate mentions that Budapest’s industry and trade developed rapidly, or that Budapest became a financial centre, and points out that this was mainly the result of the

industrial revolution. C E.g the candidate mentions an important element of Budapest’s territorial development (expansion of territory, 0–10 building, development of separate quarters), and points out [neither that Budapest became a metropolis, or refers to the 1 point nor 6 significance of the Millennium celebrations. points C E.g s/he mentions that Budapest’s population increased can be significantly, and states that many people moved from the awarded] provinces to the capital, or assimilation was significant, or mentions that Budapest became not only a centre for the economy but for administration and culture as well, and highlights the political background of this (e.g the unification of Budapest, as the result of the Compromise it became an imperial capital). C E. g Using his/her own knowledge and correct conclusions the candidate completes and supports his/her exposition. 16 / 19 2012. május 9 Javítási-értékelési útmutató Történelem angol nyelven

középszint The text uses full sentences, the sentences are clear and unambiguous. The analysis is a well-constructed text which serves the logical Structure, clear exposition of the contents. language The statements made by the candidate give evidence of good analytical skills. The answer has no grave errors of accuracy or spelling. TOTAL FOR THIS TASK MAXIMUM EXAM SCORE 0–8 42 21 19. Hungarian foreign policy between the World Wars (short) Criteria Skills and content Points The candidate basically describes the aspirations for territorial revision. Understanding of Using the source materials the candidate refers to essential task 0–4 connections in his/her answer (e.g foreign policy was determined by revisionist aspirations). S The candidate locates historical events in place and time. 0–4 C S/he mentions the date of the Trianon peace treaty (June [neither 1 Location: place 4th, 1920) refers to the territorial aspects of the Trianon point nor 3 points and era peace, or the

isolating role of the Little Entente. can be awarded] Use of special vocabulary Use of sources Describing reasons behind events írásbeli vizsga 1013 S The candidate uses both general and topic-specific historical terminology correctly. C: The candidate uses the following general and topicspecific terms appropriately: e.g peace treaty, foreign policy, Little Entente, revision. S The candidate uses information from the sources in his/her answer and reaches simple conclusions based on it. C E.g s/he points out that the Hungarian government considered the decrees of the Trianon peace treaty unfair, and states that it wanted to have the peace treaty revised or Bethlen formulated his revisionist claims openly only after the successful consolidation (at the end of the 20’s). S The candidate describes the revisionist aspirations, and points out their significance and effects. C E.g the candidate mentions that the claim for the revision of the Trianon peace treaty determined the steps

of foreign policy, and points out that the government took measures to end the isolation of the country (s/he may mention joining the League of Nations, turning towards Italy). C E.g the candidate mentions that the revision of the Trianon peace treaty was expected by the majority of the population, and mentions examples of how revisionist ideas were manifested in everyday life; or mentions that international affairs did not favour revisionist aspirations, and explains this (s/he refers to the role of the Little Entente or the great powers’ point of view). 17 / 19 0–4 [neither 1 point nor 3 points can be awarded] 0–4 [neither 1 point nor 3 points can be awarded] 0–6 [neither 1 point nor 4 points can be awarded] 2012. május 9 Javítási-értékelési útmutató Történelem angol nyelven középszint The exposition consists of sentences and the text is logically constructed and coherent. The answer has no grave errors of accuracy or spelling. TOTAL FOR THIS TASK

Structure, clear language MAXIMUM EXAM SCORE 0–2 24 12 20. The 1956 revolution and freedom fight (long) Criteria Understanding of task Location: place and era Use of special vocabulary Use of sources írásbeli vizsga 1013 Skills and content Points The candidate basically describes the circumstances under which the 1956 revolution broke out. In a concise answer s/he describes the most important events 0–8 that happened on 23rd October, 1956. The analysis reveals the main reasons for the outbreak of the revolution. In his/her answer the candidate uses and interprets the sources and draws important conclusions from them. S The candidate locates historical phenomena in place and 0–4 [neither time. C S/he indicates that the revolution broke out on 23rd 1 point nor 3 October, 1956, and is aware of the geographical aspects (e.g points that Hungary was part of the Soviet block, or that Hungary can be was under Soviet occupation). awarded] S The candidate uses both general and

topic-specific 0–4 [neither historical terminology correctly. C The candidate uses the following general terms and topic- 1 point nor 3 specific terms and expressions appropriately: e.g points revolution, demonstration, university students, army, can be democratic rights, party state, independence. awarded] S In his/her answer the candidate uses information in the sources and reaches conclusions based on it. C E.g the candidate mentions some important demands made by the university students and points out that there were both social and political reasons for the outbreak of the revolution (poor standard of living, lack of democratic rights, 0–8 [neither lack of national independence). C E.g the candidate mentions that the crowd pulled down 1 point nor 5 the Stalin statue, which was considered the symbol of the points Rákosi regime, and points out that this was the expression of can be protest against the oppressive system and Soviet influence. awarded] C E.g the candidate mentions

that Ernő Gerő condemned the demonstrations in a radio speech, and makes a relevant statement in connection with the speech (the claim referring to Soviet-Hungarian equality was untrue, the speech only made people angrier, etc,). 18 / 19 2012. május 9 Javítási-értékelési útmutató Történelem angol nyelven középszint S The candidate describes the circumstances under which the revolution broke out, and points out the reasons and consequences of the events, or their significance. C E.g the candidate mentions that the revolution began with a peaceful demonstration, and makes a relevant statement in connection with the demonstration (it was started by university students, a great multitude of people, groups from very different social backgrounds representing very different 0–10 political views, solidarity with the Poles etc.) [neither C E.g the candidate points out that the Radio was besieged, 1 point makes an important statement in connection with this (the nor 6

points demonstrators wanted to have their demands read on air, can be armed fighting started etc.) awarded] C E.g the candidate mentions that Imre Nagy gave a speech to the crowds that had gathered outside Parliament, and makes a relevant statement in connection with the personality or speech of Imre Nagy (the demonstrators demanded his appointment as Prime Minister, his speech disappointed the people etc.) C E. g Using his/her own knowledge and correct conclusions the candidate completes and supports his/her exposition. Structure, clear The text uses full sentences, the sentences are clear and unambiguous. language The analysis is a well-constructed text which serves the logical exposition of the contents. 0–8 The statements made by the candidate give evidence of good analytical skills. The answer has no grave errors of accuracy or spelling. TOTAL FOR THIS TASK 42 Describing reasons behind events MAXIMUM EXAM SCORE írásbeli vizsga 1013 21 19 / 19 2012. május 9