Mythology | Other » Jorgen Smit - The role of Mythology in Education

Source: http://www.doksinet 7KH5ROHRI0WKRORJLQ(GXFDWLRQ E -¡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

DFWLYLWLVQHYHUWKHVDPH,WFKDQJHVFRQVWDQWO7KHUHDUHDOZDVQHZ GHYHORSPHQWV ,IZHZULWHDOHWWHUWRVRPHRQHZHKDYHQRWVHHQIRU¿YHHDUVLWPD EHSRVVLEOHWKDWZHDUHZULWLQJQRWWRWKHUHDOSHUVRQEXWWRRXUPHQWDO LPDJHRIWKHSHUVRQRI¿YHHDUVDJR,QVXFKFDVHVZHFDQHDVLOUHDOL]H ZHDUH¿OOHGZLWKH[FLWHPHQW:HRSHQRXUVHOYHVIRUVXUSULVHV7KHQZK GRZHQRWKDYHWKHVDPHH[FLWHPHQWZKHQZHPHHWDSHUVRQ"+RZFDQZH NQRZLQDGYDQFHWKDWWKHSHUVRQLVWKHVDPHDVEHIRUH"/HW¶VIDFHLWZH DUHH[WUHPHOOD]DQGWKHUHIRUHZHOLNHWRDVVXPHWKDWHYHUWKLQJLVDVLW ZDV:HZUDSRXUVHOYHVLQDJUHIRJRILQGLIIHUHQFH 0DQWLPHVLWLVQRWGLI¿FXOWWRWDNHRQVXUSULVHVIRUH[DPSOHZKHQ ZHLQKHULWDIRUWXQH2WKHUWLPHVWKHVXUSULVHVFDQKLWXVLQVXFKDZD  Source: http://www.doksinet WKDWZHUROOGRZQWKHFXUWDLQVDQGSUHWHQGWKDWQRWKLQJKDVKDSSHQHG 7KLVLVWUXHRIHYHUWKLQJWKDWGRHVQRWIROORZZKDWZHLQWHQG([WUDZRUN

LVGHPDQGHGRIXVZKHQZHUHYLVHROGPHQWDOLPDJHV,WLVPXFKPRUH FRPIRUWDEOHWROHDYHWKHPLQWKHROGIROGHU 0WKRORJFDQEHVXFKDVXUSULVH)RUH[DPSOHVRPHSHRSOHZKR DUHSRVLWLYHDERXW:DOGRUIHGXFDWLRQVDWKDWWKHVWXGHQWV¶ZRUNERRNVRQ PWKRORJDUHVRVWUDQJHIDQWDVWLFDODQGQRQVHQVLFDOWKDWRXMXVWKDYHWR OLYHZLWKWKHP2WKHUZLVHWKHVFKRROLVJRRG7KLVLVYHUXQGHUVWDQGDEOH 7KHRSSRVLWHZRXOGEHDVXUSULVHZKHQZHFRQVLGHUKRZPWKRORJKDV EHHQWUHDWHGLQRXUVFKRROVDQGLQPRVWSHRSOH¶VFRQVFLRXVQHVVGXULQJWKH SDVWRQHKXQGUHGHDUV ,IZHWDNHVRPHSRHPVE:HOKDYHQIURPRQHKXQGUHGHDUVDJR ZHQRWLFHWKDWWKHDUH¿OOHGZLWKPWKRORJLFDOQDPHV*UHHNJRGVDQG KHURHV%XWIRUZKRPGLG:HOKDYHQZULWH",WZDVQRWIRUWKHEURDGSXEOLF $FWXDOOLWZDVIRUDVHOHFWHOLWHJURXSRIHGXFDWHGSHRSOH 7KHQWKHWHFKQRORJLFDOUHYROXWLRQWRRNSODFH:HGLVWDQFHGRXUVHOYHV IURPWKHFODVVLFDOZRUOG*UHHNDQG/DWLQZHUHVKRYHGRXWRIWKHVFKRROV

DQGWKHUHZLWKDOONQRZOHGJHRIPWKRORJ$OOWKDWLVOHIWDUHVRPHRIWKH PRVWLPSRUWDQWQDPHVWKDWFKLOGUHQVRPHWLPHVOHDUQEKHDUW,IWHDFKHUV ZRXOGVKDUHDQPRUHWKDQWKDWLWZRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHGGLVUHVSHFWIXO 7KHUHVXOWLVWKDWSHRSOHWRGDNQRZFORVHWRQRWKLQJDERXWPWKRORJ DQGWKHOLWWOHWKHGRNQRZLVWRWDOOPHDQLQJOHVV8VXDOOWKHNQRZ VRPHQDPHVWKDWDUHVHSDUDWHGIURPWKHLUWUXHUHDOLW$QGWKHVHQDPHV DUHXVXDOORIPDWHULDOQDWXUH1DPHVWKDWIRURQHWKRXVDQGWRWZR WKRXVDQGHDUVZHUHFRQQHFWHGZLWKZKDWWKHPRVWUHVSHFWHGDQGGLJQL¿HG SHRSOHNQHZDERXW1DPHVWKDW¿OOHGWKHPZLWKFRXUDJHDQGVWUHQJWK WKHSRZHURIOLIHDQGPHDQLQJQRZXVHGDVDGYHUWLVHPHQW7KHQDPHV RIWKHRULJLQDOOGLJQL¿HGJRGGHVVHV)ULJJDQG)U¡DPHDQOLWWOHWRGD %XWHYHURQHZDQWV)ULJJ¶VRDWPHDODQG)U¡D¶VFKRFRODWH7KHVDPH LVWUXHIRU*OLWQHVOLIHLQVXUDQFH,GXQ¶VYLQHJDU7MDOYH¶VVSRUWVPHQ 1MRUG¶VWHQQLVSODHUV+HUFXOHV¶VXVSHQGHUV+HLPGDOO¶VWRLOHWSDSHU

DQG-DQXV¶EDWKLQJWUXQNV1RRQHFDUHVIRU+HUPHVWKHPHVVHQJHURI WKHJRGVEXWWKHJRWR+HUPHV7UDYHO%XUHDX7KHDQFLHQWQDPHVRI JRGVKDYHDFHUWDLQXQFRQVFLRXVDWWUDFWLRQDQGWKHUHIRUHWKHDUHXVHGLQ DGYHUWLVHPHQWV7KLVLVXQEHOLHYDEOGLVUHVSHFWIXORIVRPHWKLQJWKDWLQWKH SDVWZDVYHUVHULRXVDQGYDOXDEOH,VLWRXUULJKWWREHGLVUHVSHFWIXO"  Source: http://www.doksinet 2XUFLYLOL]DWLRQLVQDWXUDOOWKHKLJKHVWWKDWKXPDQEHLQJVKDYH HYHUFUHDWHGLQWHUPVRIWHFKQLFDODGYDQFHPHQW$QGZHDUHFORVHWR FRQVLGHULQJWKLVPRVWLPSRUWDQW:HFDQVDWLVIRXUVHOYHVZLWKRXU WHFKQLFDOSURJUHVVXQWLOZHGLVFRYHUWKDWHYHUWHFKQLFDODGYDQFHPHQW HQWDLOVDGLI¿FXOWWKDWPXVWEHRYHUFRPHLQDVRFLDOFRQWH[W:KHQZH ORRNDWWKHVRFLDOFRQWH[WWKHUHLVYHUOLWWOHUHDVRQWREHDUURJDQWDQGVHOI FRQ¿GHQW:KHQZHORRNDWZKLFKKXPDQIRUFHVDULVHEHWZHHQSHRSOHZH PXVWSXWDVLGHWKHKDELWRIFDOOLQJLWVXSHUVWLWLRXVRUXQLPSRUWDQW5DWKHU

ZHDVN:KDWLVWKDW":KLFKIRUFHVLQPDQNLQGEURXJKWWKLVDERXW"7KHQ ZHGLVFRYHUWKDWVRPHWKLQJRWKHUWKDQVXSHUVWLWLRQDQGUDQGRPIDQWDVWLFDO LPDJHVOLYHLQWKHDQFLHQWPWKRORJLHV (YHUWLPHSHRSOHORRNXSWR¿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

LOOXVLRQ:HZLOOFRQWLQXHWRVWUXJJOHIRUIXO¿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¿QGVRXWWKDWKHWKHH[DOWHGKHURRIKHDYHQORULJLQVKDOOVHUYH WKHZHDN(XUVWKHXVKHEHFRPHVZLOGZLWKUDJHDQGLQKLVEOLQGLQJUDJH  Source: http://www.doksinet

KHNLOOVKLVRZQZLIHDQGFKLOGUHQ:KHQKHFRPHVWRKLVVHQVHV+HUFXOHV VHHVWKHFRQVHTXHQFHVRIKLVDFWLRQVEHFDXVHKHUHIXVHGWRWDNHRQWKH ZRUNKHLQLWLDOOFRQVLGHUHGGHJUDGLQJ 7KHQKHWDNHVRQWKHWZHOYHVXSHUKXPDQDSSDUHQWOLPSRVVLEOHWDVNV WKDW(XUVWKHXVGHPDQGVRIKLP,WWXUQVRXWWKDWKHLVQRWGHJUDGHGE WKHVHWDVNV(YHQWXDOO+HUFXOHVFRPSOHWHVWKHZRUNDQGJRHVDERXWKLV OLIHZLWKQHZIRUFHVDQGVNLOOVVWURQJHUDQGPRUHDOLYHWKDQEHIRUH:LWK HYHUWDVNKHRYHUFRPHVDQGWUDQVIRUPVDSLHFHRIKLVORZHULQVDWLDEOH KXPDQQDWXUH)RUWKHPRVWSDUWWKHDUHZLOGXQFRQWUROODEOHDQLPDOVKH LVWRGHIHDWFDSWXUHDOLYHRUWDPHVXFKDVWKH1HPHDQOLRQWKH/HUQHDQ KGUDWKH&HUQHLDQEXFNRUWKH(UPDQWKHDQERDU)RUHDFKWDVN +HUFXOHVFRPSOHWHV(XUVWKHXVORVHVVRPHRIKLVSRZHURYHU+HUFXOHV )LQDOORQOWKHKHDYLHVWDQGPRVWGLI¿FXOWWDVNUHPDLQV+HUFXOHV VXFFHVVIXOOHQWHUVWKHNLQJGRPRIGHDWKZLWKRXWORVLQJKLVIRRWLQJ

7KHQ(XUVWKHXVKDVQRPRUHFRQWURORYHU+HUFXOHV1RZ+HUFXOHVFDQ GZHOODQGZRUNDPRQJSHRSOHDVKLVRZQSHUVRQQRORQJHUWKHVODYHRI (XUVWKHXV ,QWKLVZDWKHJRGOLNHVXSHUKXPDQIRUFHVEHJLQWRZRUNLQDQ LQGLYLGXDO7KHUHLVDQRWKHUVLGHWRWKLV7KHVLQJOHSHUVRQKDVSRZHUIXO IRUFHVDWKLVGLVSRVDODQGWKHFRXOGEHXVHGWRREWDLQEHQH¿WVIRU KLPVHOI,QGLYLGXDOL]LQJWKHJRGOIRUFHVLVOLNHDUREEHURIWKHJRGO IRUFHV&RQVHTXHQFHVZHUHQRWDYRLGHG:HKXPDQVEHFRPHWLHGWRWKH PDVVLYHKDUGHDUWKOUHDOLWLHVDQGVORZOORVHRXUSRZHUV /HWXVRQFHDJDLQFRPSDFWWKLVUHDOLWLQWRDSLFWXUHDQRWKHUSLFWXUHLQ *UHHNPWKRORJ3URPHWKHXVVWHDOVWKH¿UHWKDWLVRULJLQDOOWKHSURSHUW RIWKHJRGVDQGEXLOGVWKHIRXQGDWLRQIRUKXPDQFLYLOL]DWLRQ:LWKDOORI RXURXWHUFXOWXUDOSURJUHVVDQGVKLQLQJJRRGVDOVRFRPHDUURJDQFHDQG KXEULV&RQVHTXHQFHVZHUHQRWDYRLGHG3URPHWKHXVLVIDVWHQHGWRWKH

&DXFDVLDQFOLIIVDQGDQHDJOHKDFNVDWKLVOLYHU:KHQDVNHGLIKHZLOO JLYHLQDQGVWRSEHLQJVRDUURJDQW3URPHWKHXVGRHVQRWFRPSO7KH SXQLVKPHQWGRHVQRWOHDGKLPWRSOHDGWREHRQFHDJDLQWDNHQLQWRWKH JRGOWRWDOLWDVDKXPEOHGLQVLJQL¿FDQWHQWLW+HUHVLVWV+HGRHVQRW SOHDGLQWHDUVWREHUHOHDVHG+HOHWVWKHHDJOHKDFNLQWRKLVOLYHU7KHUH LVQRUHVROXWLRQWRWKHFRQÀLFW:KDWLVWKHRQOSDWKWRDJUHHPHQW",W PXVWEHWRFRQTXHUWKHKDUGHDUWKOQHFHVVLW²WKHZRUNRI+HUFXOHVLV FRPSOHWHG  Source: http://www.doksinet :HQRWLFHWKHWUXOWULXPSKDQW+HUFXOHVDUULYHV+HVKRRWVWKHHDJOH DQGUHOHDVHV3URPHWKHXV1RZUHVROXWLRQPDWDNHSODFH$QG3URPHWKHXV UHFHLYHVWKHULQJWKHVPERORIXQLW<HWKHGRHVQRWGLVDSSHDULQWKH JRGOWRWDOLWOLNHDGURSRIZDWHULQWKHRFHDQ+HKDVJRQHWKURXJKWKH SURFHVVRILQGLYLGXDOL]DWLRQ+HKDVEHHQIDVWHQHGWRWKHFOLII1RZKH FDUULHVIRUZDUGDSHUPDQHQWYDOXH7KLVLVVPEROL]HGLQWKHVWRQHLQKLV

ULQJ ,Q*UHHNPWKRORJLQWKHVHLQQHUSLFWXUHVZKHWKHUWKHDUHJRGO ¿JXUHVRUJRGOLNHKXPDQ¿JXUHVZHVHHEHDXWLIXOIDQWDVFRORUVDQG IRUPV<HWWKLVLVQRHPSWIDQWDVJDPH,IZHGHHSHQRXUXQGHUVWDQGLQJ RIWKHPWKRORJLFDOSLFWXUHVZHGLVFRYHUWKDWWKHDUHKXPDQLW¶VRZQ KLGGHQDQGEHVWIRUFHVWKDWIRUPWKHSLFWXUHV7KHVHDUHWKHIRUFHVWKDWULVH DERYHWKHOLWWOHVLQJOHSHUVRQDQGDUHWKHUHIRUHQRWRQOKXPDQEXWDOVR WKHJRGOLQKXPDQEHLQJV $QGLQ*UHHNPWKRORJZH¿QGWKHVHIRUFHVYHUFORVHWRKXPDQ EHLQJV/HWXVORRNDWRQHVLWXDWLRQZKHUHWKHVHDUHH[SUHVVHGFOHDUO 7KH*UHHNOHDGHUV$FKLOOHVDQG$JDPHPQRQVWDQGDJDLQVWHDFKRWKHU,W DSSHDUVWKHHQWLUHIRUWXQHRI*UHHFHZLOOVXIIHUZKHQERWKOHDGHUVFRQWLQXH WR¿JKW0DVVLYHUDJHHQYHORSV$FKLOOHV+HSXOOVKLVVKDUSVZRUGIURP KLVVLGHVHQGDZDWKHRWKHUOHDGHUVDWWKHIRUXPDQGLVDERXWWRNLOO $JDPHPQRQEXWKHGRHVQRWJHWWKDWIDU  

7KHQDVWKRXJKWVWXPEOHGZLOGOLQKLVPLQGDQGKHXQFRQWUROODEO DWWHPSWHGWRSXOOKLVEDWWOHVZRUGVZHUYHG$WKHQDGRZQIURPWKH   KHDYHQV $VDPHVVHQJHUVKHZDVVHQWEWKHZKLWHDUPHG+HUD IRUVKHZDVIRQGRIERWKRIWKHPDQGORYHGWKHPJUHDWOLQKHUKHDUW 7DOOVKHVWRRGEHKLQGWKHVRQRI3HOHXVDQGWRXFKHGKLVEORQG FXUOKDLUPHUHOYLVLEOHIRUKLPEXWQRWIRUWKHRWKHU $VWRXQGHG$FKLOOHVWXUQHGDQGUHFRJQL]HGLQRXWUDJH 3DOODV$WKHQDZKRVHHHJODQFHLVVHOGRPVHHQ :RQGHULQJVRXQGHGKLVZLQJHGZRUGDVKHVSRNHDQGDVNHG ³DXJKWHURI=HXVZKGRRXFRPHKHUHVZLIWO" ([FHSWWKDWRXVHHIRURXUVHOIWKHDQJHURI$JDPHPQRQ¶VDUURJDQW   YLROHQFH" <HW,ZLOOWHOORXDZRUGDQGLWZLOOFHUWDLQOEHWUXH  Source: http://www.doksinet  3HUKDSVKLVLQVXOWLQJDUURJDQFHZLOOVRRQFRVWKLPKLVOLIH´ 7KHQVSRNHWKHEOXHHHG*RGGHVV$WKHQD ³.QRZWKDW,VZHUYHGGRZQIURPKHDYHQWRVRRWKHRXUUDJH LIRXJLYHLWXS7KHZKLWHDUPHG+HUDVHQWPHDPHVVDJH

IRUVKHLVIRQGRIRXERWKDQGORYHVRXKLJKOLQKHUKHDUW 6WRSWKHFRQÀLFWIROORZKHUPHVVDJHDQGGRQRWSXOOWKHVZRUG &RYHUKLPZLWKDQJUZRUGVDVPXFKDVRXOLNH 2QHWKLQJ,FHUWDLQOSURPLVHRXDQGPSURPLVHVKDOOEHIXO¿OOHG 2QFHRXZLOOUHFHLYHLQUHWXUQIRUDOORIWKHLQMXVWLFHRXVXIIHU  WKUHHIROGJLIWV 6RIRUFHRXUVHOIWRGRDV,DVNRX´ ,PPHGLDWHO$FKLOOHVWKHORVWKHURVSRNHDQGDQVZHUHG ³+LJKJRGGHVVDSOHDIURPRX,VKRXOGFHUWDLQOIROORZ ¿OOLWPDWKHPRVWELWWHUKDUPLQPVRXOLWLVWKHEHVW +HZKRDFFHSWVWKHPHVVDJHRIWKHJRGVZLOORXOLVWHQWR´ *UDVSLQJWKHKDQGOHRIVLOYHUZLWKKLVSRZHUIXO¿VW 7KUXVWLQJWKHPLJKWVZRUGEDFNLQWKHVKHDWKKHIROORZHG 2EHGLHQWO$WKHQD¶VDGYLFHZKLOHVKHUHWXUQHGWR2OPSXV 7RWKHDHJLVZLQJHGJRGGHVV¶FDVWOHZKHUHWKHJRGVPHHW  7KHOLJKWRI3DOODV$WKHQD¶VEULOOLDQWSRZHUVKLQHVGLUHFWOLQWR $FKLOOHV¶XQFRQWUROOHGFKDRWLFUDJH7KHJRGGHVV3DOODV$WKHQDLVMXVW

DVUHDODVWKHKXPDQ$FKLOOHVRUPRUHFRUUHFWOVWDWHG6KHLVPRUHUHDO KHUOLJKWFRQTXHUVKLVUDJH6KHDFWVZLWKKHUJRGOSRZHUQHDULQGLYLGXDO KXPDQV<HWLVWKLVOLJKWVRPHWKLQJWKDWLVFKDUDFWHULVWLFRQORI3DOODV $WKHQD"RZHQRW¿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ource: http://www.doksinet

$QGLVLWQRWKHGRQLVWLFDQGXQFKULVWLDQWRVSHDNRIGLIIHUHQWJRGVDVLI WKHZHUHUHDOLWLHV"7KHUHLVRQORQH*RGRXPDEHOLHYH7KHYDULRXV JRGVDUHKXPDQSLFWXUHVSHRSOHVD7KDWLVWUXH<RXZRXOGKDYHWREH GXPELIRXWULHGWRUHIXVHDQKXPDQOLPLWDWLRQVLQLPDJLQLQJDOORIWKH GLIIHUHQW¿JXUHVRIJRGV +HUHLWLVLPSRUWDQWQRWWRWKLQNKDOIZDDQGOD]LO:HGLVFRYHUWKDW WKHVDPHDSSOLHVIRUWKHRQHDQGRQO*RG%RWKRQHDQGGHVFULSWLRQ PDQDUHOLPLWHGKXPDQGHVFULSWLRQV7KHWUXOJRGOFDQQRWEHJUDVSHG DQGKHOGIDVWEHLWKHUWKHGHVFULSWLRQ³RQH´RUWKHGHVFULSWLRQ³PDQ´ 5DWKHULWUHYHDOVLWVHOIDQGOLYHVDQGLWFDQUHYHDOLWVHOIDQGOLYHLQERWK GHVFULSWLRQV:KHQZHVWXGWKHYDULRXVIRONPWKRORJLHVZHGLVFRYHU PRQRWKHLVPZLWKRQH*RGDFWXDOORQOEWKH6HPLWHVWKH-HZVDQGWKH $UDEVDQGERWKHUVZKRDUHFOHDUOLQÀXHQFHGEWKH6HPLWHVRUEHORQJ WRWKHP,QDOORIWKH$UDQPWKRORJLHVWKHUHLVSROWKHLVPPDQJRGV

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¿QGJUHDWGLYHUVLWWKDWLVULFKOGHYHORSHG 7KHDHVHQVDUHDVHULHVRIGLIIHUHQW¿JXUHVWKDWHLWKHUVWDQGFORVHWRKXPDQ EHLQJVRUIDUWKHUDSDUW7KHUHLVQRWDVLQJOH*RGWKHRQHDQGRQORG

7KHUHIRUHLWLVFKDUDFWHULVWLFDOOSROWKHLVWLFHWZHFDQQRWGHQWKDWXQLW LVWKHUH:HGRQRWGLVFRYHULWZLWKDVXSHU¿FLDOHIIRUW7KHXQLWLVIRXQG LQWKHVWUXFWXUHRIWKHGUDPDWLFDFWLRQV 7KHZRUOGLVFUHDWHGIURPWKHXQL¿HGXQGLIIHUHQWLDWHGRULJLQDOSODFH *LQQXQJDJDS%XWWKHXQLWLVGLYLGHGLQWRRSSRVLWHZRUOGVWKHFROG 1LÀKHLPDQGWKHZDUPOLIHH[XGLQJ0XVSHOKHLPWKHRSSRVLWHVWKDW DSSHDUHYHUKHUHIRUH[DPSOHLQWKHKXPDQEHLQJ¶VOLIHH[XGLQJZDUPWK DQGSDVVLRQDWHOLIHRIZLOODQGLQWKHPRUHORYLQJXQGHUVWDQGLQJLQWKH  Source: http://www.doksinet KHDG<HWWKHVHRSSRVLWHVDUHQRWLQGLYLVLEOHZLWKRXWFRPPXQLFDWLRQ)URP WKHZDUP0XVSHOKHLPDULVHVWKHKXJHOLIHJLYLQJPLONFRZ$XGKXPOD <HWLWZRXOGOLNHWRDSSURDFKWKHFROG1LÀKHLPWROLFNWKHVDOWIURPWKH VWRQHVWKHUH)URPWKHFROG1LÀKHLPDULVHVWKHLFHWUROO<PLU+HZRXOG OLNHWRKDYHWKHIRUFHVRIOLIHIURPWKHZDUP$XGKXPODDQGKHGULQNVPLON

IURPKHU)URPWKHRSSRVLQJZRUOGVDULVHQHZJHQHUDWLRQV$QGIURPD ¿QDOFRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHQWKHVHZRUOG¶VJHQHUDWLRQV%RUUDQG%HVWODDULVH 2GLQ9LOLDQG9H7KLV³WULQLW´JLYHVXSWKHLUSRVLWLRQVIRUWKHQHZ2GLQ /RGXUDQG+RQLU/RGXUKDVPRVWRI0XVSHOKHLP¶VEXUQLQJÀDPHVLQKLP +RQLUKDVPRVWRI1LÀKHLP¶VFROGQHVVZKLOH2GLQOLYHVEHWZHHQWKHPDV DKDUPRQLRXVUHSUHVHQWDWLYH :LWKDGLUHFWTXRWDWLRQIURPWKHROGHU(GGD 9ROXVSDD ,ZRXOG OLNHWRVXSSRUWWKDWWKLVLVQRWDUDQGRPLQWHUSUHWDWLRQ,WLVDGHVFULSWLRQ GLUHFWOIURPROGHVW1RUVHPWKRORJ7KHWZRRSSRVLWHZRUOGV1LÀKHLP DQG0XVSHOKHLPDUHHVSHFLDOOUHSUHVHQWHGE+RQLUDQG/RGXUZKLOH 2GLQFRPPXQLFDWHVERWKTXDOLWLHV$OVRWKHDUHGLUHFWOUHODWHGWRWKH ZDUPKXPDQIRUFHVRIZLOORQRQHVLGHDQGWKHEUDLQRULHQWHGUHDVRQLQJ DDWKXJ RQWKHRWKHUVLGH7KHFRPPXQLFDWLRQWDNHVSODFHLQDUKWKPLFDO EUHDWKLQJSURFHVV $DQGHJDY2GLQ $DWKXJ+RQLU /HWIDJHU/RGXU RJOLYVHQVYDUPH

,Q(QJOLVKDFFRUGLQJWRWKHPHDQLQJ 2GLQJDYHWKHEUHDWKRIFRQVFLRXVQHVV +RQLUJDYHXVUHDVRQ 7KDWOLWXSWKHFRORUIXO/RGXU $QGWKHZDUPWKRIOLIH 7KHLPPHGLDWHLPSUHVVLRQVRQHUHFHLYHVRI2OG1RUVHPWKRORJ DUHRIJURWHVTXHDQGIDQWDVWLFDO¿JXUHV$VZHKDYHVHHQLQWKLVDUWLFOH WKHVHIDQWDVLHVDUHDQWKLQJEXWHPSWDQGUDQGRP7KHDGGUHVVFHQWUDO UHDOLWLHVLQKXPDQEHLQJV7KLVLVDOVRWUXHRIRWKHU¿JXUHVLQ$DVJDDUG  Source: http://www.doksinet <HWWKHVHJRGVZKRFRQWLQXRXVO¿JKWDJDLQVWWKHGDUNIRUFHVRIHYLO DUHQRWRPQLSRWHQWLQWKHLUEDWWOHV7KHLU¿JKWZLWKHYLOLVQRWWKHHYHU VXFFHVVIXO¿JKWWKH3HUVLDQVH[SHULHQFHGLQWKHLUPWKRORJ7KHPLJKW *RGRI/LJKW$KXUD0D]GDRZLQVQRPDWWHUZKDW7KHUHLVQHYHUWKH VOLJKWHVWSRVVLELOLWIRUWKHJRGRIGDUNQHVV$KULPDQQRWWREHFRPSOHWHO GHIHDWHG1RUVHPWKRORJLVYHUGLIIHUHQW+HUHWKHEDWWOHLVZLGHRSHQ IURPWKHYHUVWDUW$QGZHKDYHDGDUNIHHOLQJWKDWLWZLOOHQGLQWUDJHG

7KH$HVHQVKDYHHYLOEHLQJVOLYLQJDPRQJWKHPDQGDOVRDVWKHLUIULHQGV 7KHKDYHDSDLQIXODQGWULQJGHVWLQWKDWOHDGVWRGHVWUXFWLRQ %XWQRWDOO$HVHQVDUHWKDWZD%DOGHULVSXUH%DOGHUVKLQHV+H EULQJVSHDFHDQGMRZKHUHYHUKHJRHVLQWKHZRUOGVRIWKHJRGVDQG WKHKXPDQEHLQJV,Q%DOGHU¶VSXUHOLJKWOLYHVWKHKXPDQEHLQJ¶VGLUHFW RULJLQDOQDWXUHJLYHQFRQQHFWLRQZLWKWKHGLYLQH:KHUHYHU%DOGHU¶VOLJKW IRUFHVVKLQHWKHGDUNVKDGRZVRQWKHHDUWKGLVDSSHDU <HWDOVR%DOGHULVGUDJJHGLQWRWKHGHVWUXFWLRQRIWKHZRUOG%/RNL¶V HYLOGHFHSWLRQKHLVVKRWEWKHEOLQG+RG$QG%DOGHUPXVWHQWHUWKH NLQJGRPRIGHDWK+HOZKHUHKHFDQQRORQJHUEULQJOLJKWDQGMR,VKH JRQHIRUHYHU":LOO%DOGHUUHWXUQZLWKQHZOLJKW" 7KHZRUOGGDUNHQV(YLOLVVHWIUHHDQGWDNHVFRQWURO+XPDQEHLQJV ORVHWKHLUGLUHFWFRQWDFWZLWKWKHGLYLQH7KHZRUOGHQWHUVFRUUXSWLRQDQG GHVWUXFWLRQ +DUGW,KHLPHQ +RUGRPNDOGOHJ 2HNVROGVYHUGROG 6NMROGDUNORYQD

9LQGROGYDUJROG )UU9HUGLVWXSHU *UXQQHQJMDOODU *JUDUÀMXJDQGH ,Q(QJOLVKDFFRUGLQJWRWKHPHDQLQJ /LIHLVKHDYDQGGLI¿FXOWLQRXUKRPHV &ROGQHVVDQGKDUGQHVVDERXQG %DWWOHD[HVDQGVZRUGV  Source: http://www.doksinet 6PDVKRXUVKLHOGVWRSLHFHV 7KHZLQGLV¿UHGXSWKHZROYHVDUH¿UHGXS 7KHZRUOGLVJRLQJGRZQ 7KHJURXQGLVVKDNLQJ 7KHWUROOZRPDQÀLHV ,QWKLVZD1RUVHPWKRORJOLYHVLQDGUDPDWLFWHQVLRQWKDWKDV WKHKXPDQEHLQJ¶VLQQHUOLIHGUDPDDWLWVFRUH%DOGHULVJRQH7KHHYLO IRUFHVDWWDFNHYHUKHUHDQGLWDSSHDUVWKHZLOOFRQWUROWKHIRUFHVRI JRRGQHVV:LOO%DOGHUUHWXUQ":KHQFKLOGUHQDUHDOORZHGWRH[SHULHQFH WKHIXOOSRZHURI1RUVHPWKRORJLQLWVWRWDOLWGUDPDDQGFRORUVWKH XQGHUVWDQGLWVHQWLUHGHSWKDQGEURDGSHUVSHFWLYH:LWKWKHLUZKROHEHLQJ WKHFDQOLYHZLWKWKLVPWKRORJEHFDXVHLWVRULJLQLVWKHRULJLQRIWKH KXPDQEHLQJ7KHTXHVWLRQRIZKHWKHU%DOGHUZLOOUHWXUQEHFRPHVWKHLU

TXHVWLRQ,ZDVSUHVVXUHGEPVWXGHQWVWRH[SODLQLQDGYDQFHZKHWKHU KHZLOOUHWXUQ³:LOO%DOGHUUHWXUQ"-XVWWHOOPH:LOOKHFRPHEDFN"´$QG ¿QDOODIWHU5DJQDURNZKHQWKHROGZRUOGLVGHVWURHGWKHQHZZRUOG VKLQHVIRUWKDQG%DOGHUDSSHDUV´<HVWKDWLVZKDW,NQHZ´FULHVRQHRI WKHFKLOGUHQWULXPSKDQWO %WKHVDPHWRNHQZKHQZHDOORZRXUFKLOGUHQWROLYHZLWK1RUVH PWKRORJZLWKRXWFRQFHSWXDOH[SODQDWLRQVEXWZLWKGLUHFWREVHUYDWLRQ WKHZLOOQHYHUDVNIRUH[DPSOH³,V2GLQUHDO"´7KHZLOODVN³,V2GLQ DOLYHQRZ"´,KDGQHYHUUHFHLYHGVXFKDTXHVWLRQEHIRUH$QG,KDGQR DQVZHUUHDGIURPDOLVWRIHGXFDWLRQGLUHFWLYHVRQZKDWWHDFKHUVVKRXOG VDLQVXFKDVLWXDWLRQ%XW,NQHZLPPHGLDWHOWKDW,FRXOGQRWVDHV 7KDWZRXOGKDYHEHHQDOLHWRVDWKDWWKHOLIHUHDOLWWKDW2GLQRQFH ZDVVWLOOH[LVWVWRGD$QG,UHDOL]HGLPPHGLDWHOWKDWDOVR,FRXOGQRW VDQR)RUWKHROGOLIHUHDOLWWKDWZDV2GLQLVDEVROXWHOQRWGHVWURHG

,WFRQWLQXHVWRZRUNLQKLGGHQWUDQVIRUPHGVKDSHV%XWZKDWVKRXOG ,DQVZHU"7RWUXODQVZHUWKHTXHVWLRQ,ZRXOGKDYHWRWHOOWKHHQWLUH KLVWRULFDOGHYHORSPHQWIURPWKHQWKURXJKWRGD7KHQZLOOWKHDQVZHU DSSHDU6R,DQVZHUHG³:HZLOOVHH:HKDYHQRWUHDFKHGWKDWSDUWRIWKH VWRUTXLWHHW´7KLVDQVZHUZDVDEVROXWHOEHRQGPFDOFXODWLRQVDVD VFKRROPDVWHU,PPHGLDWHODQHZLPSXOVHDSSHDUHGLQWKHFODVVDVRQHRI WKHFKLOGUHQGHPDQGHGLQWHQVHO³<RXZLOOWHOOXVWKHZKROHVWRUXQWLO WRGDULJKW"´,QWKLVZDDKLVWRULFDOH[SHFWDWLRQFDQDULVHWKHHOHPHQWLQ OLIHIRUH[SHULHQFLQJKLVWRUDVDQDGXOWRUDFKLOG  Source: http://www.doksinet :KHQLVWKHULJKWWLPHLQHGXFDWLRQWREULQJ1RUVHPWKRORJ",Q JUDGHVRQHDQGWZRHYHUWKLQJKDSSHQVRXWVLGHRIWLPH6RPHWKLQJ KDSSHQHG:KHQGLGLWKDSSHQ"2QFHXSRQDWLPH7KLVLVKRZZHWHOO VWRULHVIRUPWKHSDVWWRFKLOGUHQDWWKHDJHVRIVHYHQRUHLJKW7KHGR

QRWH[SHULHQFHLWLQWKHSUHVHQWWHQVH7REHPRUHDFFXUDWHWKHGRQRW H[SHULHQFHDQGHYHORSPHQWLQWLPH ,QWKHWKLUGJUDGHPDLQOHVVRQEORFNLQ³ORFDOOLYLQJ´WKHHOHPHQWRI WLPHDSSHDUV7KHQFKLOGUHQH[SHULHQFHWKHSDVWRXUJUDQGSDUHQW¶VDJHDQG RXUJUHDWJUDQGSDUHQW¶VDJH7KHH[SHULHQFHKRZOLIHXQIROGHGLQHDUOLHU WLPHV7KLVLQLWLDOH[SHULHQFHRIWLPHLVDFWXDOOQRPRUHWKDQDIHHOLQJIRU WLPHUDWKHUWKDQDQDFWLYHGHHSH[SHULHQFHRIDGHYHORSPHQWLQWLPH 6RLQJUDGHVRQHWZRDQGWKUHHOHVVRQVDUHLQDFRKHVLYHVSKHUHRI IHHOLQJV)URPDFRPSOHWHDQGRXWVLGHZRUOGWKHLULQGLYLGXDOZLOOSRZHU LV¿UVWDZDNHQHGLQDVHULRXVZDLQWKHIRXUWKJUDGH7KDWLVZKHQ1RUVH PWKRORJLVDSSURSULDWHZLWKDOORILWVZLOOSRZHURULHQWHGGUDPD$OVR 1RUVHNLQJVDQGKHURVDSSHDU$QGIURPWKLVHOHPHQWKLVWRUOHVVRQVDUH ERUQ,QWKH¿IWKJUDGHZRUOGKLVWRUDSSHDUV 0WKRORJLVQRWDVXSHU¿FLDOJDPHRIIDQWDVDWWKH:DOGRUIVFKRRO

$QGLWLVQRWSUHVHQWHGVRFKLOGUHQFDQOHDUQWKHPWKRORJLFDOQDPHV 5DWKHU1RUVHPWKRORJLVDQHFHVVDUPHDQVIRUHGXFDWLQJFKLOGUHQDWD FHUWDLQSRLQWLQWLPHQDPHOJUDGHIRXU  Source: http://www.doksinet