Language learning | English » English Exercises

CONTENTS EXERCISE 1:PRONOUNS EXERCISE 2:POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES/PRONOUNS EXERCISE 3:POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES/PRONOUNS EXERCISE 4 :POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS EXERCISE 5: POSSESSIVE FORMS OF NOUNS EXERCISE 6: POSSESSIVE FORMS WITH "OF" EXERCISE 7: REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS EXERCISE 8: INDEFINITE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS EXERCISE 9 : NAMES OF COUNTRIES EXERCISE 10 : NATIONALITY ADJECTIVES EXERCISE 11: NATIONALITY ADJECTIVES AND LANGUAGES EXERCISE 12: PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS EXERCISE 13 : PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS EXERCISE 14 : JOBS AND PROFESSIONS EXERCISE 15 : QUESTION WORDS EXERCISE 16 : SOME/ANY EXERCISE 17:SOME /ANY EXERCISE 18: MUCH / MANY / A LOT OF/ LOTS OF EXERCISE 19:HOW MUCH /HOW MANY EXERCISE 20 : HOW MUCH / HOW MANY EXERCISE 21 : A FEW/A LITTLE EXERCISE 22 :FEW/A FEW/LITTLE/A LITTLE EXERCISE 23. INDEFINITE ARTICLES (A /AN) EXERCISE 24: DEFINITE ARTICLE (THE) EXERCISE 25:DEFINITE ARTICLE (THE) EXERCISE 26: DEFINITE ARTICLE (THE) EXERCISE 27: DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES (A / AN

/ THE) EXERCISE 28: DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES (A/AN/THE) EXERCISE 29 :ANOTHER /OTHER /OTHERS EXERCISE 30: ONE/ONES EXERCISE 31: ELSE EXERCISE 32 :ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS OF MANNER EXERCISE 33: COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES EXERCISE 34 : COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES EXERCISE 35:COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADVERBS EXERCISE 36 : SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES EXERCISE 37: COMPARATIVES / SUPERLATIVES EXERCISE 38 COMPARATIVE / SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES EXERCISE 39: COMPARATIVE / SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADVERBS EXERCISE 40: IRREGULAR COMPARATIVE / SUPERLATIVE FORMS EXERCISE 41: IRREGULAR COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE FORMS EXERCISE 42: COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES EXERCISE 43 : DIFFERENT COMPARATIVE /SUPERLATIVE FORMS EXERCISE 44 : COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF NOUNS EXERCISE 45 : COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES (SIMILARITY) EXERCISE 46 : COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADVERBS (SIMILARITY) EXERCISE 47: COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS EXERCISE 48 :THE SAME + NOUN + AS EXERCISE 49 :

COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE EXERCISE 50 :PARALLEL COMPARATIVE (THE . THE ) EXERCISE 51 : COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE EXERCISE 52: COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE EXERCISE 53: THE PRESENT SIMPLE (VERB: BE) EXERCISE 54 : THE PRESENT SIMPLE (VERB: BE) EXERCISE 55: THE PRESENT SIMPLE (HAVE GOT/ HAS GOT) EXERCISE 56 :THE PRESENT SIMPLE EXERCISE 57: THE PRESENT SIMPLE EXERCISE 58 :THE PRESENT SIMPLE EXERCISE 59 : THE PRESENT SIMPLE (SIMPLE SENTENCE) EXERCISE 60 : THE PRESENT SIMPLE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION) EXERCISE 61 : THE PRESENT SIMPLE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION) EXERCISE 62: THE PRESENT SIMPLE (ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY) EXERCISE 63 : THE PRESENT SIMPLE (ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY) EXERCISE 64 : THE PRESENT SIMPLE (COMPLEX SENTENCE) EXERCISE 65: THE PRESENT SIMPLE (COMPLEX SENTENCE) EXERCISE 66 : THE PRESENT SIMPLE (COMPLEX SENTENCE) EXERCISE 67: THE PRESENT SIMPLE (CONJUNCTIONS) EXERCISE 68: THE PRESENT SIMPLE EXERCISE 69 : THE PRESENT SIMPLE EXERCISE 70: THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS (ASKING FOR INFORMATION) EXERCISE

72 : THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS EXERCISE 73: THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS EXERCISE 74 THE PAST SIMPLE EXERCISE 75 THE PAST SIMPLE (VERB: BE) EXERCISE 76 : THE PAST SIMPLE (SIMPLE SENTENCE) EXERCISE 77 : THE PAST SIMPLE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION) EXERCISE 78 :THE PAST SIMPLE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION) EXERCISE 79 : THE PAST SIMPLE EXERCISE 80: THE PAST SIMPLE (COMPLEX SENTENCE) EXERCISE 81 : THE PAST SIMPLE (CONJUNCTIONS) EXERCICE 82:THE PAST SIMPLE EXERCISE 83: THE PAST SIMPLE EXERCISE 84 THE PAST SIMPLE (PREFERENCE) EXERCISE 85 THE PAST SIMPLE (USED TO) EXERCISE 86 : THE PAST SIMPLE (ANSWERING QUESTIONS) EXERCISE 87 : THE PAST CONTINUOUS (COMPLEX SENTENCE) EXERCISE 88 : THE PAST CONTINUOUS EXERCISE 89 :THE PAST CONTINUOUS (ASKING FOR INFORMATION) EXERCISE 90: THE PAST CONTINUOUS (CONJUNCTIONS) EXERCISE 91 :THE PAST CONTINUOUS EXERCISE 92 : THE PAST CONTINUOUS (COMPLEX SENTENCE) EXERCISE 93: THE FUTURE SIMPLE (VERB: BE) EXERCISE 94 : THE FUTURE SIMPLE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION) EXERCISE 95 : THE

FUTURE SIMPLE EXERCISE 96 : THE FUTURE SIMPLE EXERCISE 97 : THE FUTURE SIMPLE/BE GOING TO EXERCISE 98 : THE FUTURE SIMPLE (CONJUNCTIONS) EXERCISE 99 THE PRESENT PERFFECT SIMPLE (VERB: BE) EXERCISE 101: THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE EXERCISE 102 : THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE EXERCISE 103 :THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE EXERCISE 104 : THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE EXERCISE 105 : THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE EXERCISE 106 : THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE EXERCISE 107 : THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE EXERCISE 108 : THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE EXERCISE 109 : THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS EXERCISE 110 : THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS EXERCISE 111 :THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS EXERCISE 112 : THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE (CONJUNCTIONS) EXERCISE 113 : THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE EXERCISE 114 : THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE EXERCISE 115 : THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS EXERCISE 116 : THE FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE EXERCISE 117: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE 1) EXERCISE 118 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE1) EXERCISE 119 : CONDITIONAL

SENTENCES (TYPE 2) EXERCISE 120 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE 2) EXERCISE 121: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE 2) EXERCISE 122 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES EXERCISE 123 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPES) EXERCISE 124 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPES) EXERCISE 125 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (UNLESS / IF . NOT) EXERCISE 126 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPES 1/2/3) EXERCISE 127 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPES 1/2/3) EXERCISE 128 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPES 1/2/3) EXERCISE 129 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (IN CASE) EXERCISE 130 : GENERAL EXERCISES (THE AUXILIARY VERBS) EXERCISE 131 : GENERAL EXERCISES (ON TENSES) EXERCISE 132: GENERAL EXERCISES (ON TENSES) EXERCISE 133 : GENERAL EXERCISES (ON TENSES) EXERCISE 134: GENERAL EXERCISES (ON TENSES) EXERCISE 135 : GENERAL EXERCISES (FINDING THE VERBS) EXERCISE 136 : GENERAL EXERCISES (FINDING THE VERBS) EXERCISE 137 : GENERAL EXERCISES (COMPLETION) EXERCISE 138 : WISHES IN ENGLISH EXERCISE 139 : WISHES IN ENGLISH EXERCISE 140 : WISHES IN ENGLISH EXERCISE 141 : WISHES

IN ENGLISH EXERCISE 142 : WISHES IN ENGLISH EXERCISE 143 : THE PASSIVE (ALL TENSES) EXERCISE 144 : THE PASSIVE (ALL TENSES) EXERCISE 145: THE PASSIVE (ALL TENSES) EXERCISE 146 : THE PASSIVE EXERCISE 147 : THE PASSIVE EXERCISE 148 :THE PASSIVE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION) EXERCISE 149 :THE PASSIVE (UNIMPORTANT SUBJECT) EXERCISE 150: THE PASSIVE (VERBS TAKING TWO OBJECTS) EXERCISE 151: THE PASSIVE (VERBS TAKING TWO OBJECTS) EXERCISE 152: THE PASSIVE (MIXED TENSES) EXERCISE 153 : ACTIVE - PASSIVE EXERCISE 154 : THE PASSIVE (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES) EXERCISE 155 : THE PASSIVE (THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS) EXERCISE 156 : THE PASSIVE (THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS) EXERCISE 157 : THE PASSIVE GERUND EXERCISE 158 THE PASSIVE (PASSIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE) EXERCISE 159 : THE PASSIVE (PASSIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE) EXERCISE 160 :THE PASSIVE (PASSIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE) EXERCISE 161 : THE PASSIVE (MIXED TYPES) EXERCISE 162 : THE PASSIVE (COMPLEX SENTENCE) EXERCISE 163 : THE PASSIVE (COMPLEX SENTENCE) EXERCISE

164 : THE PASSIVE (COMPLEX SENTENCE) EXERCISE 165: THE PASSIVE (COMPLEX SENTENCES) EXERCISE 166: THE PASSIVE (COMPLEX SENTENCES) EXERCISE 167 : THE PASSIVE (MIXED TYPES) EXERCISE 169: GERUNDS/INFINITIVES (1) EXERCISE 174 : GERUNDS EXERCISE 175 : GERUNDS EXERCISE 176 : GERUNDS/INFINITIVES EXERCISE 177 : PERFECT GERUNDS (ACTIVE / PASSIVE) EXERCISE 178 : INFINITIVES EXERCISE 179 : GERUNDS/INFINITIVES EXERCISE 180 : GERUNDS/INFINITIVES EXERCISE 181 : INFINITIVES (ENOUGH/TOO) EXERCISE 182 : INFINITIVES (ENOUGH) EXERCISE 183 : INFINITIVES (TOO) EXERCISE 184 : INFINITIVES (TOO) EXERCISE 185: INFINITIVES (TOO) EXERCISE 186: INFINITIVES (ENOUGH) EXERCISE 187 : INFINITIVES (LET/ALLOW) EXERCISE 188 : INFINITIVES (PREFERENCES) EXERCISE 189 : INFINITIVES (EXPRESSING PURPOSE) EXERCISE 190 :INFINITIVES (EXPRESSING PURPOSE) EXERCISE 191 : PRESENT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS) EXERCISE 192 : PRESENT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS) EXERCISE 193 : PRESENT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS) EXERCISE 194 : PRESENT

PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS) EXERCISE 195 :PRESENT PARTICIPLES EXERCISE 196: PRESENT PARTICIPLES EXERCISE 197: PRESENT PARTICIPLES (DIFFERENT SUBJECTS) EXERCISE 198 : PRESENT PARTICIPLES (DIFFERENT SUBJECTS) EXERCISE 199: RESENT/ PAST PARTICIPLE (AS ADJECTIVES) EXERCISE 200: PERFECT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS) EXERCISE 201: PERFECT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS) EXERCISE 202 : PERFECT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS) EXERCISE 203 : PRESENT/PERFECT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS) EXERCISE 204 : PRESENT/PERFECT PARTICIPLES (DIFFERENT SUBJECTS) EXERCISE 205 : PRESENT/PAST PARTICIPLES EXERCISE 206 :EXPRESSING SIMILARITIES (SO/NEITHER) EXERCISE 207 :EXPRESSING SIMILARITIES (EITHER/NEITHER) EXERCISE 208 : CHOICES OR ALTERNATIVE (EITHER . OR) EXERCISE 209 : NEITHER . NOR EXERCISE 210 : NOT ONLY. BUT ALSO EXERCISE 211 : NOT ONLY . BUT ALSO EXERCISE 212 : ASKING FOR PERMISSION EXERCISE 213: MAKING SUGGESTIONS EXERCISE 214: MAKING POLITE REQUESTS EXERCISE 215: MAKING AN OFFER EXERCISE 216 : DEFINING

RELATIVE CLAUSES (SUBJECTIVE CASE) EXERCISE 217: DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (SUBJECTIVE CASE) EXERCISE 218 : DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (OBJECTIVE CASE) EXERCISE 219 : DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (OBJECTIVE CASE) EXERCISE 220 : DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (POSSESSIVE CASE) EXERCISE 221 : DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES EXERCISE 222 : DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES EXERCISE 223 : DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (PREPOSITIONS) EXERCISE 224 : DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES EXERCISE 225: DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES EXERCISE 226 : NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES EXERCISE 227 : ELATIVE PRONOUNS / RELATIVE ADVERBS EXERCISE 228 : RELATIVE-CLAUSES (MIXED TYPES) EXERCISE 229 : REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES EXERCISE 230 :REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES EXERCISE 231 : REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES EXERCISE 232 : REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES EXERCISE 233: ACTIVE CAUSATIVES (ALL TENSES) EXERCISE 234 :ACTIVE CAUSATIVES EXERCISE 235 : ACTIVE CAUSATIVES EXERCISE 236: PASSIVE CAUSATIVES (ALL TENSES) EXERCISE 237: PASSIVE CAUSATIVES EXERCISE 238 : PASSIVE

CAUSATIVES EXERCISE 239 : PASSIVE CAUSATIVES EXERCISE 240 : CAUSATIVES (MIXED TYPES) EXERCISE 241: REPORTED SPEECH (STATEMENT) EXERCISE 242 : REPORTED SPEECH (STATEMENT) EXERCISE 243 : REPORTED SPEECH (OTHER REPORTING VERBS) EXERCISE 244 : REPORTED SPEECH (COMPLEX SENTENCE) EXERCISE 245 : REPORTED SPEECH (COMPLEX SENTENCE) EXERCISE 247 : REPORTED SPEECH (QUESTION) EXERCISE 248 : REPORTED SPEECH (QUESTION) EXERCISE 249: REPORTED SPEECH (IMPERATIVE) EXERCISE 250: REPORTED SPEECH (REQUEST) EXERCISE 251: REPORTED SPEECH (MIXED TYPES) EXERCISE 252 : REPORTED SPEECH EXERCISE 253 : REPORTED SPEECH (OTHER REPORTING VERBS) EXERCISE 254 : REPORTED SPEECH (OTHER REPORTING VERBS) EXERCISE 255 : REPORTED SPEECH (OTHER REPORTING VERBS) EXERCISE 256 : ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONCESSION EXERCISE 257 : ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONCESSION EXERCISE 258 : ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF PURPOSE EXERCISE 259 : ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF PURPOSE EXERCISE 260: ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF PURPOSE EXERCISE 261 : ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF

PURPOSE EXERCISE 262 : ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT EXERCISE 263 : ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT EXERCISE 264 : ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT EXERCISE 265 : ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT EXERCISE 266 : ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT EXERCISE 267 : ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT EXERCISE 268: ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF PROPORTION EXERCISE 269 : NOUN CLAUSES (AS THE SUBJECT OF A SENTENCE) EXERCISE 270: NOUN CLAUSES (AS THE OBJECTOR A SENTENCE) EXERCISE 271 : NOUN CLAUSES (AS THE OBJECT OF A SENTENCE) EXERCISE 272 : NOUN CLAUSES (AS THE OBJECT OF A SENTENCE) EXERCISE 273 : NOUN CLAUSES (AS THE OBJECT OF A SENTENCE) EXERCISE 274 : NOUN CLAUSES (COMPLEX SUBJECT) EXERCISE 275 : NOUN CLAUSES (COMPLEX SUBJECT) EXERCISE 276 : CONJUNCTIONS EXERCISE 277 : CONJUNCTIONS EXERCISE 278 : CONJUNCTIONS EXERCISE 279 : THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS EXERCISE 280 : THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS EXERCISE 281 THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS EXERCISE 282 :THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERB (USED TO) EXERCISE 283 : THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS EXERCISE 284

THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS EXERCISE 285 : THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS EXERCISE 286 : THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS EXERCISE 287 : THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS EXERCISE 288 : THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS EXERCISE 289: PREPOSITIONS (1) EXERCISE 290 :PREPOSITIONS (2) EXERCISE 291: PREPOSITIONS (3) EXERCISE 292: PREPOSITIONS (4) EXERCISE 293 : PREPOSITIONS (5) EXERCISE 294 : PREPOSITIONS (6) EXERCISE 295 : PREPOSITIONS (7) EXERCISE 296 : PREPOSITIONS (8) EXERCISE 297 : PREPOSITIONS (9) EXERCISE 298 : PREPOSITIONS (10) EXERCISE 299 : PREPOSITIONS (11) EXERCISE 300 : PREPOSITIONS (12) EXERCISE 302 : TRANSFORMATION (1) EXERCISE 303 : TRANSFORMATION (2) EXERCISE 304 : TRANSFORMATION (3) EXERCISE 305 : TRANSFORMATION (4) EXERCISE 306:WORD-FORMATION (1) EXERCISE 307: WORD - FORMATION (2) EXERCISE 308 : WORD - FORMATION (3) EXERCISE 309: WORD - FORMATION (4) EXERCISE 310: WORD - FORMATION (5) EXERCISE 311: WORD -FORMATION (6) (PREFIXES) EXERCISE 312 : WORD - FORMATION (7) (PREFIXES) EXERCISE 313 :WORD -

FORMATION (8) (PREFIXES) 9 EXERCISE 1 PRONOUNS Complete the following sentences with the necessary "Subject Pronouns" or "Object Pronouns". Subject Pronouns Object Pronoun I Me You You He Him She Her It It We Us They Them Example: Mary doesn't love me, but. love her very much Mary doesn't love me, but I love her very much. She is not in love with . but I am in love with She is not in love with me, but I am in love with her. 1. Mary has got a lot of books. is putting on the shelves 2. The thief is trying to run away and the policeman is running after . 3. There is a girl sitting on the chair, and the nurse is looking after . 4. The boy is standing near the board and is writing the sentences on . 5. The children are eating apples. are eating in the garden 6. The girl is in the ambulance and the doctor is taking. to (the) hospital 7. Jack is sitting in front of Helen. He is not sitting behind 8. There are a lot of dogs

in the garden, and my daughter is playing with . 9. The woman is taking the boy home. is carrying in her arms 10. There are a lot of snakes on the farm, but I am not afraid of 11. The girl has a car but she cannot drive because doesn't have a driving licence 12. She says that she is afraid of because I have piercing looks 13. She thinks that am not interested in Turkish music 14. I am sitting next to Caroline are close friends and everybody is jealous of 15. The woman is very poor; therefore, is begging for money in the streets 16. The birds are in the tree are singing happily and we are listening to 17. She doesn't want to go out with; she thinks that I am not handsome 18. If you see Melissa, tell that love 19. The girl is in bed is sleeping like an angel 20. My twin-brother looks like but I don't love very much 21. Helena hates but I love very much 22. The bus is at the bus-stop and the women are getting on with their children 10 EXERCISE 2

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES/PRONOUNS Complete the following sentences with the “Possessive Adjective” or “Possessive Pronoun” Possessive Adjectives Possessive Pronouns My mine Your yours His his Her hers Its its Our ours Their theirs Example: This is my friend, Maria. husband is a teacher, (she) This is my friend, Maria. Her husband is a teacher 1) . neighbour's house is bigger than (we) 2) Those are not. children 3) . teacher always confuses your name with (I) 4) My book is more interesting than. I think, (you) 5) Rose wears ear-rings, but. ear-rings are more expensive than hers (I) 6) The dog is eating a bone. teeth are very sharp, (it) 7) This pencil isn't.; it is mine, (you) 8) I don't think that is . ; suitcase is green, (she) 9) The boys are riding on . bicycles in the street, (they) . are in the cinema now (we) 10) We are listening to our teacher, not. (you) 11) Please pass these books to your friends. They are .

(they) 12) I always buy . sister a box of chocolate at this supermarket (I) 13) . umbrella is not black It is blue (I) 14) The man is going to the cinema wit. wife, (he) 15) These are Mr. and Mrs Brown That is house, (they) 16) There are some books on the desk, but they are not. (we) 17) Is your brother a businessman? . is a medical doctor (I) 18) There is a car in front of the building. Is it . ? (you) 19) Look at that dog over there! . eyes are blue, (it) . 20) Zeynep's bag is very heavy, but. is very light (I) 21) Our house is near the school, but . . . house is not (they) 22) He is my room-mate. name is Peter, (he) 23) My father is more successful than . . father, (she) 11 24) Don't bother to bring a camera; you can use . . . (I) 25) Helens dog is more playful than . (you) EXERCISE 3 POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES/PRONOUNS Complete the following sentences with a "Subject Pronoun", "Object Pronoun" or "Possessive

Adjective". Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns Possessive Adjectives I me my you you your he him his she her her it it its we us our you you your they them their Example: I love Julia, but. doesn't love me (she / her) I love Julia, but she doesn't love me. .name is Anna Vissi, andcome from Greece Everybody loves. (I / me / my) My name is Anna Vissi, and I come from Greece. Everybody loves me 1. My sister is a medical doctor and works in Germany, but I don't know phone number.(she/her) 2. Can you help with homework? (I / me / my) 3. Mary writes to but they don't write to her very often, (they /them / their) 4. always spend holidays in Spain with friends, (we / us / our) 5. Melissa doesn't tell the truth, and am very sorry for it (I / me / my) 6. The teacher always asks very difficult questions whenever have an English exam. (they / them / their) 7. is my girlfriend name is Silvia, but cannot speak Turkish very well, (she

/ her) 8. The boys are riding bicycles in the street, and are very cheerful but I cannot see .faces very well, (they / them / their) 9. Helen is going to school with boyfriend today school is a long way from here, (she / her) 10. The teacher is looking at but are not listening to her, because friend is telling. a funny story, (we / us / our) 11. are taking children to the zoo in the afternoon, aren't? (they / them / their) 12 12. is very beautiful I think I am in love withbut father doesn't let me go out with. (she/her) 13. I always help Melissa, but she never helps with homework She thinks that. am very lazy (I / me / my) 14. I have got two children, and I love very much, but don't love me so much (they / them / their) 15. I don't like because is very selfish, but I like sister, (she / her) EXERCISE 4 POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS Complete the following sentences with one of the words on the list below. I you he she it we they me you

him her it us them my your his her its our their mine yours his hers ours theirs Example: Tell the children to bring . friends to the party Tell the students to bring their friends to the party. 1) You can borrow. camera if you haven't got one I don’t need 2) He always tells. what the problem is and I always help with 3) I always see Jane and Marry at the comer, but. never greet 4) Your car is here but I can't find Do you know where . car is? 5) If your girlfriend is in Istanbul, why don't you bring . to the party? 6) My sister and I both have sports car; her car is red and . is black 7) If anyone arrives late, tell. not to enter the room without my permission 8) Our children want to go camping this summer; what about. children? 9) I know Sharon very well. is a very good friend of 10) Helen is very rich. collection of coins is extremely valuable 11) I have got a cat. name is Cancan, and I love very much 12) . am looking for my

book everywhere, but I can't find 13) My father knows Mary very well, and that's why he doesn't trust . 14) Where are your seats? I am looking for . but I can't find 15) Whoever is at the door, tell. I am not in 16) She is trying to frighten. but I am not afraid of anymore. 17) She is crying because the teacher is very angry with . 18) Please take these books and give . to Helen, because belong to 13 19) Her parents live in Istanbul, but. live in Kars and love 20) We don't love . French teacher Do you love ? 21)Their house is very comfortable, but mine is more comfortable than . 22) My suitcase is very heavy, but. suitcase is heavier than Mary 23) It is not necessary for.to buy the book I can lend you I don't need 24) I forgot to bring my wallet with . have you got? 25) I always go to the cinema in. free time 26) The cat has got a fish;. is in mouth 27) If. don't pass the exam, will take again, Rose? 28)

There is an old lady with a dog on . knee and there are two men with pipes in mouths 29) I don't think that Helen is a reliable girl, so . never lend any money 30) He is such a rich man that. doesn't care how spends money EXERCISE 5 POSSESSIVE FORMS OF NOUNS Rewrite the following sentences using the "Possessive Forms" of Nouns with "Apostrophe" (.,'s) or (.') Example: The doctor has a new car. The doctor's car is new The doctors have blue eyes. The doctors' eyes are blue 1) The girl has a pretty dress 2) The girls have pretty dresses 3) The old man has white hair 4) The old men have white hair 5) The cat has green eyes 6) The king has a beautiful palace 7) Melissa has a new bicycle 8) The lion has sharp teeth 9) All the girls have new skirts for the festival 10) The teachers have a room on the third floor 11) The students have books on their desks 12) All the horses have white manes 13) The servants have a bedroom downstairs 14)

Donkeys have long ears 15) Some dogs have short tails 16) These children have dirty faces 17) The fishermen have an old net 18) The child has a new toy 14 19) Some women have short hair 20) All the men have black hats 21) The teachers have a beautiful staff-room 22) The man has a long beard 23) An eagle has sharp eyes 24) Elephants have strong memories 25) The boy has a good intelligence quotient EXERCISE 6 POSSESSIVE FORMS WITH "OF" Rewrite the following sentences using the "Possessive Form" with "OF". Example: The girl's name is Olga. The name of the girl is Olga The teachers' room is upstairs. The room of the teachers is upstairs 1) John's brother is very clever : 2) Mary's sisters are fond of classical music : 3) Miranda's sister's name is Juliet : 4) This woman's children go to kindergarten : 5) The children's toys amuse them very much : 6) I don't know Peter's telephone number

: 7) Tom's car is not very expensive : 8) Madonna's mother is rolling in money : 9) Muge's cat's name is Cancan : 10) The boys bicycle is brand new : 11) Janet loves Chopin's music very much : 12) The dog's teeth are beginning to fall out : 13) My grandfather's farm is quite large : 14) My mother and father's friends are at home : 15) Picasso's paintings seem strange to me : 16) Mary and Jane's weddings are today : 17) Mary says that she is Peter's cousin : 18) Peter and Mary's children are very smart : 19) Pasteur and Fleming's discoveries are very important: 20) My friend's dog is very clever 21) Your mother's hands are very large : : 22) Angela's sister is out of her mind : 23) Julia's father is very old : 24) The girls' skirts are very short : 25) The students' teacher is very happy : 15 26) We don't obey the captain's orders : 27) The

man's loyally to her is adorable : 28) What do you think of Oya's latest novel? : 29) We are talking about her husband's death : 30) I got well again under the doctor's treatment : EXERCISE 7 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS Complete the following sentences with a proper "Reflexive Pronoun" on the list below. Myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself themselves herself itself Example: Maria is buying. a new dress Maria is buying herself a new dress. 1) I always make . a sandwich for lunch 2) Are you enjoying. at the party, Hilary? 3) He says that he will kill. if he cannot get married to Matilda 4) Don't blame. it is not your fault 5) Lara is looking at. in the mirror and admiring her beauty 6) He is going to make . a cup of tea 7) Different people enjoy. in different ways 8) The cat saw . in the mirror and got frightened 9) Don't play with that sharp knife, you may cut. 10) They are talking to . in the room 11) We look after. while our

mother is away 12) My brother cut. with a razor while he was shaving yesterday 13) Look at. in a mirror You look very angry 14) Take your coat off and make . comfortable 15) Did you hurt. when you fell down? 16) Mr. David introduced to my father 17) This photograph of mine is terrible. I cannot recognize 18) He bought some flowers for . yesterday evening 19) Bring another key. The children have locked in the garage 20) Take a glass and pour. a drink and join the party 16 21) They buried . in their work 22) Calm down a moment and control. honey 23) Whenever he gets sick, he always tries to cure . with medicines 24) She is frightened of getting fat. She weighs every morning 25) She went down to the river and drowned. 26) We are defending . against thieves 27) He went berserk and shot. 28) Those young girls call.actresses 29) Nancy prides . on her cooking 30) We enjoyed . at the party last night EXERCISE 8 INDEFINITE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS

Complete each of the following sentences with a proper "Pronouns" and "Adverbs" on the list below. PRONOUNS ADVERBS everybody everything everywhere somebody something somewhere anybody anything anywhere nobody nothing nowhere 1. A: Is there in the bottle? B: No, there is . in the bottle, it is empty 2. A: Did come to your party last night? B: 1 am sorry that. came to my party last night 3. A: Would you like to live by the Mediterranean? B: Yes, I would like to live . by the Mediterranean because I love the sun 4. A: Do you know in Istanbul? B: No, I don't know. in Istanbul 1 have just come here from abroad 5. A: Did you see in the summer-house the other day? B: Yes, I saw . in the summer-house the other day 6. A: Can we use credit cards these days? B: Yes, we/you can use credit cards . these days 7. A: Does like Britney Spears? B: Yes,. likes Britney Spears 8. A: Did you look for your watch in the house? B: Yes,

Hooked for my watch. in the house, but 1 couldn't find it 9. A: Did answer the questions? B: The questions were very difficult, so . could answer them 10. A: Did you tell about the garden party? 17 B: Yes, I told. about the garden party 11. A: Did your parents go last month? B: Yes, they went . last month, but I cannot remember the name 12. A: is knocking at the door Will you please answer it? B: I think you are mistaken, because. is knocking at the door now 13. A: Do you like fishing? B: Yes, I do, but I never catch. 14. A: Do you know about the accident? B: Sorry, I know . about the accident, but 1 think she knows 15. A: Did you go last summer? B: No, we stayed at home, we went. EXERCISE 9 NAMES OF COUNTRIES Complete the following sentences writing the names of the countries on the left. Example: Ankara. Ankara is the capital city of Turkey. 1) Rome. Italy 2) London . England 3) Athens . Greece 4) Madrid. Spain 5) Paris. France 6) Washington

D.C The United States of America 7) Lisbon. Portugal 8) Cairo. Egypt 9) Tokyo. Japan 10) Warsaw. Poland 11) Moscow. The Soviet Federation 12) Brussels. Belgium 13) Buenos Aires.Argentina 14) Brasilia. Brazil 15) Ottawa. Canada 16) Riyadh.Saudi Arabia 17) Canberra. Australia 18) Damascus. Syria 19) Peking.The Republic of China 20) New Delhi. India 21) Manila. 18 The Philippines 22) Oslo. Norway 23) Stockholm.Sweden 24) Edinburgh.Scotland 25) Amsterdam.The Netherlands 26) Tbilisi. Georgia 27) Beirut. The Lebanon 28) Dublin. Ireland 29) Sofia. Bulgaria 30) Baku. Azerbaijan 31) Baghdad. Iraq 32) Tehran. Iran 33) Prague. The Czech Republic EXERCISE 10 NATIONALITY ADJECTIVES Answer the following questions by writing the "Nationality Adjectives" for the countries in brackets. Example: A: What is your nationality? / What nationality are you? (Turkey) B: I am Turkish. A: Are you Canadian? (Syria) B: No, I am not. I am Syrian 1. A: Is Antonio Banderas Italian?

(Spain) B: No, 2. A: What is your father's nationality? (Norway) B: 3. A: Are you German? (Iran) B: No, 4. A: What nationality is your mother? (The Russian Federation) B: 5. A: Are Tom Cruise and Tom Hanks Canadian? (The USA) B: No, 6. A: What nationality are your sisters? (Georgia) B: 7. A: Are you and your brothers Pakistani? (Portugal) B: No, 8. A: What nationality are your friends? (Scotland) B: 9. A: Is that woman standing over there Russian? (Greece) 19 B: No, 10. A: What is the nationality of the man in your office? (France) B:

11. A: Is your father British? (Italy) B: No, 12. A: What nationality is Carlos? (Brazil) B: 13. A: Are those women Spanish? (China) B: No, 14. A: What is the nationality of this postman? (Germany) B: 15. A: Are Yoshimi and Toshiye Chinese? (Japan) B: No, EXERCISE 11 NATIONALITY ADJECTIVES AND LANGUAGES Complete the following sentences by writing the "Nationality Adjectives" and the "Languages" people speak. A: Where do you come from? B: I come from France. A: What language do you speak? B: I speak French. A: What nationality are you? B: I am French. Example: I come from France, so I am French and I speak French. 1. Sylvia comes from England, so she 2. Martha Andrado comes from Spain, so she

3. We come from Mexico, so we 4. My parents come from Denmark, so they 5. The belly dancer comes from Egypt, so she 6. Those women come from Saudi Arabia, so they 7. Jennifer comes from Ireland, so she 8. Those doctors come from Sweden, so they 9. The woman comes from Georgia, so she 10. The tourists at this hotel come from China, so they 11. My father comes from Norway, so he 12. Those pilots come from Japan, so they 13. The students in our school come from Canada, so they 20 14. Natalie comes from the Russian Federation, so she 15. We come from Germany, so we

16. Those students come from Armenia, so they 17. That pretty woman comes from Iran, so she 18. My brother-in-law comes from Syria, so he 19. Eileen's brothers come from Italy, so they 20. My teacher comes from Finland, so she 21. These nurses come from the USA, so they 22. Carlos comes from Brazil, so he 23. My cousins come from Turkey, so they 24. The woman in red comes from Libya, so she 25. Carmen comes from Greece, so she 26. Your brothers come from Portugal, so they 27. Our teachers come from Scotland, so they 28. That lady in the corner comes from Belgium, so

she 29. That doctor comes from Poland, so he 30. My uncle comes from Jordan, so he EXERCISE 12 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS Change the following sentences into "Plural" making all the necessary changes. Example: She is a lovely woman. They are lovely women. 1) It is an ancient city : 2) This man is very famous : 3) I am not a poet : 4) There is a fly on the floor: 5) Is he a teacher? : 6) 6. Thai is her book : 7) His hand is clean : 8) The fireman is on the roof : 9) The glass is full of water : 10) The sheep is eating the grass : 11) The mouse is in the house : 12) The leaf is falling down : 13) He is a very clever child : 14) Are you a policeman? : 15) He is not a rich man : 21 16) The brush is on the chair : 17) The wife of this man is a thief : 18) The deer is running very fast : 19) The baby is very beautiful : 20) This box of chocolate

is very big : 21) The fool of this man is very large : 22) Look at that church over there! : 23) The aircraft is bombing the city : 24) The life of this poet is miserable 25) The knife on the table is sharp : 26) Put the book on the shelf : 27) The ox is grazing in the field : 28) Put the dish into the oven : 29) She is preparing the quiz : 30) Where is the loaf of bread? : 31) This piece of chalk is green : 32) She is a beautiful lady : 33) The bus is waiting at the bus-slop 34) Is there a library in this town? : 35) The telephone directory is here : : : EXERCISE 13 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS Complete the following sentences with the "Plural Forms of Nouns" from the list below. A. BRANCH HALF KNIFE BOX BACTERIUM LOAF BRUSH LEAF SHELF COUNTRY DRESS CITY GOOSE CHILD CRITERION 1) My mother buys three . of bread every day 2) How many. of matches have you got? 3) The birds sit on the . of the trees 4) They use their . to cut the

branches of the tree 5) Our . always play in the streets 6) Turkey and Germany are very big . 7) There are no . on this tree in the winter 8) The teacher usually puts the books on the . of the cupboard 9) London and Paris are big . in Europe 10) She always cuts the apple into two . and gives one half to me 11) My mother makes her own . by herself 22 12) The angry. are running after the girl in the park 13) What are your . when you are judging a work of art? 14) . in drinking water spread illnesses 15) We use . to clean our teeth B. ADDRESS FOOT FAMILY PIECE DICTIONARY SPY TOOTH BUS AX FACTORY STORY BABY DAISY MOUSE SECRETARY 1) There are some cars.in Turkey 2) We can find all kinds of.in this library 3) Don't forget to write the.on the envelopes 4) We have got many . in this company 5) We have got two.and two arms 6) We are trying to get rid of the .in our house 7) My father gives me some . of advice from time to time 8) The

Russian.steal the plans of the nuclear power plants 9) All the.are waiting for the students in front of the school 10) All the .of the students are gathering in the garden for the reception 11) She brushes her . three times a day 12) They are picking up .in the park to give them to their girlfriends 13) .sleep more than adults (do) 14) She spent the evening cracking jokes and telling witty. 15) They are chopping the trees down by their. EXERCISE 14 JOBS AND PROFESSIONS Read the sentences and put the corresponding "Jobs" and "Professions" in brackets. A. nurse judge author pilot fishmonger artist plumber surgeon midwife engineer 1. ( ). He/she flies an airplane or helicopter 2. ( ). He/she fits and mends water, gas and sewage pipes 3. ( ). He/she designs, makes or works with machinery 4. ( ). He/she draws and paints pictures 5. ( }. He/she helps doctors and looks alter sick or injured people in hospital 6. ( ). He/she performs medical

operations in hospitals, 7. ( ). She helps women to give birth to children 8. ( ). He/she sells fish in a shop 9. ( ). He/she writes books, articles or plays 10. ( ). He/she makes decisions in a court of law on legal matters 23 B. pharmacist hairdresser butcher baby sitter barber astronaut dentist doctor judge architect 1. ( ) . He/she treats sick or injured people 2. ( ) . He/she takes care of children while their parents are away 3. ( ) . He/she cuts women's hair and puts it into a style 4. ( ) . He/she prepares and sells medicines 5. ( ) . He cuts men's hair 6. ( ) . He/she makes the plans of buildings 7. ( ) . He/she travels in spacecraft in space, 8. ( ) . He/she decides which person is the best in a competition 9. ( ) . He/she treats people's teeth 10.( ) . He/she sells meal in a shop C. teacher lawyer referee locksmith psychiatrist waiter baker coroner veterinarian psychologist 1. ( ) . He/she treats menial

illnesses 2. ( ) . He makes or repairs locks 3. ( ) . He/she gives people legal advice and represents them in court 4. ( ) - He/she studies human mind and explains human behaviour. 5. ( ) . He/she bakes and sells bread, cakes, etc 6. ( ) . He serves food and drink to people in a restaurant 7. ( ) . He/she teaches, usually as a job at a school 8. ( ) - He/she supervises a sports match and makes decisions. 9. ( ) . He/she inquiries into the causes of accidental or sudden deaths 10. ( ) . He/she is responsible for the medical treatment of animals EXERCISE 15 QUESTION WORDS Complete the following sentences with the "QUESTION WORDS" on the list below. WHO WHICH WHY WHOM WHOSE HOW WHAT WHEN WHERE 1) A:. often do you go to the cinema? B: I go to the cinema twice a week. 2) A:. is your father from? B: My father is from Cyprus. 3) A:. is the weather like today? B: It is very sunny today. 4) A: does David talk to on the phone for half an hour every day?

24 B: He talks to Helen on the phone for half an hour every day. 5) A:. does your son wait for in front of the house every morning? B: My son waits for his girlfriend in front of the house every morning. 6) A:. is your father? B: He is very well, thank you. 7) A:. looks after patients in hospitals? B: Nurses look after patients in hospitals. 8) A: . long does your sister watch TV a day? B: She watches TV for three hours a day. 9) A: . many cigarettes does your father smoke a day? B: He smokes ten cigarettes a day. 10) A:. old is your wife? B: She is almost sixty years old. 11) A:. are you married to? B: I am married to Jennifer Lopes. 12) A: To . is your daughter engaged? B: She is engaged to Tom Jones. 13) A:. do you like doing in the morning? B: I like watering the flowers in the morning. 14) A: At. time do your parents have breakfast in the morning? B: They have breakfast at seven o'clock in the morning. 15) A:. much money do you spend on your holidays? B: I

spend a lot of money on my holidays. 16) A:. are you? / do you do? B: I am a medical doctor. 17) A:. many tomatoes do you need for the pizza? B: I need five tomatoes for the pizza, 18) A: . are you waiting for? B: I am waiting for the bus. 19) A: With . does Silvia go to the cinema every week? B: She goes to the cinema with her boyfriend every week, 20) A: . lives in a big house outside Paris? B: My parents live in a big house outside Paris. 21) A: . bicycle do you always ride on? B: I always ride on my friend's bicycle. 22) A:. . mosque does your father go to on Fridays? 25 B: My father goes to the Blue Mosque on Fridays. 23) A: . long does it take to go there by bus? B: it takes five hours to go there by bus. 24) A:. colour do you prefer, red or blue? B: I prefer blue. 25) A: . far is the hospital from here? B: The hospital is five kilometres from here. 26) A: . . colour are your eyes? B: My eyes are green. 27) A: . time is it now? B: It is

(a) quarter to six now. 28) A: . . does your father get up? B: My father gels up when the sun rises. 29) A: . kind of people live here? B: Very honest people live here. 30) A:. kind of films do you like watching on TV? B: I like watching horror films on TV 31) A:. . fast does a cheetah run? B: A cheetah runs very fast 32) A: To . do you apply for more information? B: I apply to Mr Harris on for more information. 33) A:. . children are they? B: They are Mr Brown's children. 34) A: . language does your father speak? B: My father speaks Japanese. 35) 35. A: . do you want to be a pilot? B: 1 want to be a pilot because I am fond of flying. EXERCISE 16 SOME/ANY Answer the following questions using "SOME" or "ANY". Example: Are there any children in the garden? a. Yes, there are some children in the garden b. No, there are not any children in the garden Is there any milk in the bottle? a. Yes, there is some milk in the bottle b. No, there is

not any milk in the bottle 26 1. Is there any sugar in the tea? a. Yes, b. No, 2. Are there any boys in the library? a. Yes, b. No, 3. Are there any waiters in the cafeteria? a. Yes, b. No 4. Have you got any time to play tennis with me? a. Yes b. No 5. Are there any candles on the cake? a. Yes b. No 6. Is there any flour in the cupboard? a. Yes, b. No 7. Have you got any English books at home? a. Yes, b. No 8. Do you speak any foreign languages? a. Yes b. No 9. Do you have any children? a. Yes, b. No 10. Does your friend have any money to take a trip? a. Yes b. No EXERCISE 17 SOME /ANY Complete the following sentences with "SOME" or "ANY". 1) You can call us . 2) Would you like . . day you want . orange juice?-Yes, please 3) You have to inform the bank of. . change of address 4) He doesn't have . experience of this kind of work 27 5) 5. I can get 6) Can’t have. . information about France from the tourist office. . chocolate,

please? 7) Peter and Alison haven't got. . children 8) There is still . . chocolate cake left Would you like another piece? 9) We can go to . restaurant you want 10) Please phone me if you have . . problems 11) I am going to ask . . of you a loan 12) Could you give me . . bread? - Yes, certainly 13) There are. . people waiting outside 14) Do you have . previous experience about this kind of job? 15) She needs . 16) She has to do . paper to write on. . housework 17) We go out To a restaurant with . other people 18) When can f visit the museum? -You can visit the museum. time you want 19) Can 1 give you . advice? 20) I don't have . free time today 21) I need. help with my homework Are you free? 22) Is there . . room in the ear for me? -No, there isn't 23) There is . fruit, but there aren't . vegetables 24) . bright light at night is an attraction to mosquitoes 25) . money you find in the street must be taken to the police

station 26) There are not. factories in Bingöl 27) Paul is going to invite.children to his party 28) My mother doesn't give the children . food 29) I haven't got. 30) Are there . . money on me, so I cannot go to the cinema . eggs in the fridge? 31) There is. milk in the bottle 32) You can hire a car at. 33) . . airport taxi will take you to she train station. 34) Is there . snow on the road, 1 wonder? 35) I think there isn't. traffic on the road today EXERCISE 18 MUCH / MANY / A LOT OF/ LOTS OF Complete the following sentences with "MUCH", "MANY", "A LOT OF" or "LOTS OF". Countable Nouns I have a lot of books. I have lots of books I do not have many books Do I have many books? Uncountable Nouns 28 She has a lot of time. She has lots of time She does not have much time Does she have much time? 1) There are . students in the garden 2) There are not. students in the garden 3) Are there . students in the

garden? 4) Stella has got. information about her husband's hiding place 5) Stella has not got. information about her husband's hiding place 6) Has Stella got. information about her husband's hiding place? 7) There is . vinegar in this bottle 8) There is not. vinegar in this bottle 9) Is there . vinegar in this bottle? 10) Are there . warships in the harbour? 11) Does Shania have . knowledge about Turkish history? 12) Is there . soup in your bowl? 13) Have you got. money in your pocket? 14) I have not got. patience 15) I think there is . wine in the bottle 16) Are there . candles on the cake? 17) My brother eats too . meat 18) Did you invite . guests to your wedding party? 19) I have. work to do today 20) You had better hurry up because you have not got. time 21) We learn . things from our beloved teachers 22) Is there . sugar in your tea? 23) There is not. petrol in my car 24) How. flour do you need to make a cake? 25) Are

there . women in front of the cinema? 26) There is not. jam in that jar 27) Have you got. friends in London? 28) Do we have . knowledge about the Bush administration? 29) There are . pairs of shoes under the table 30) I haven't got. money at the moment, so I can't go to the cinema EXERCISE 19 HOW MUCH /HOW MANY Complete the questions with "HOW MUCH" or "HOW MANY". Example : A: How much ice-cream has Janet got? B: Janet has got a lot of ice-cream. A: How many days are there in a week? B: There are seven days in a week. 1. A: teeth have you got? 29 B: I have got thirty two teeth. 2. A: time has she got? B: She has got a lot of time. 3. A: bars of soap would you like? B: I would like two bars of soap, please, 4. A: pounds of meat do you want? B: I want three pounds of meal, please. 5. A: orange juice do you want to buy? B: I want to buy some orange juice, please. 6. A: bottles of vinegar do you want? B: I want three bottles

of vinegar, please. 7. A: students are there on the bus? B: There are ten students on the bus. 8. A: . cats has Rita got? B: Rita has got three cats. 9. A: flour is there in the jar? B: There is a lot of flour in the jar. 10. A: money does she spend on her clothes? B: She spends all her money on her clothes. 11. A: packets of flour do you want to buy? B: I want to buy two packets of flour, please. 12. A: litres of milk would you like? B: I would like six litres of milk. 13. A: milk is there in the fridge? B: There is a little milk in the fridge. 14. A: chairs are there in the sitting room? B: There are only a few chairs in the sitting room. 15. A: . boxes of chocolate does she want to buy? B: She wants to buy three boxes of chocolate. 16. A: cups of coffee do you drink every day? B: I drink three cups of coffee every day. - 30 - EXERCISE 20 HOW MUCH / HOW MANY Write questions for the answers using "HOW MUCH" or "HOW MANY". Example:

A: How much money have you got in your pocket? B: I have got a lot of money in my pocket. A: How many students are there on the bus? B: There are ten students on the bus. 1. A: B: There are seven days in a week. 2. A: B: Betty has got a lot of time to do her homework. 3. A: B: Our teacher has got a lot of patience. 4. A: B: There are two stray dogs in the garden. 5. A: B: I want three pounds of meat, please. 6. A: B: I am going to buy some orange juice, please. 7. A: B: There are lots of people at the wedding party. 8. A: B: We have got a lot of flour in the jar. 9. A: B: She spends all her money on her clothes. 10. A: B: I have a lot of pain in my leg. 11. A: B: I would like six litres of milk. 12. A: B: There are only a few chairs in the sitting room. 13. A: B: Kelly wants to buy three boxes of chocolate. 14. A: B: There are six women in the corner. 15. A: - 31 - B: I drink three glasses of beer in the evening. 16. A: B: There is not any information in this book.

EXERCISE 21 A FEW/A LITTLE Answer the following sentences using "A FEW" or "A LITTLE". Example: A: Are there any teachers at the school? B: No, there aren't many. There are only a few teachers at the school A: Is there much vinegar in the bottle? B: No, there isn't much. There is only a little vinegar in the bottle 1. A: Have you got any friends in Istanbul? B: . 2. A: Is there much sugar in your coffee? B: . 3. A: Has Helen got many shirts? B: . 4. A: Is there much flour in the jar? B: . 5. A: Is there much water in your glass? B: . 6. A: Have you got many horses on your farm? B: . . 7. A: Are there many eggs in the fridge? B: . 8. A: Has your father got many books in his library? B: . 9. A: Are there many exercises in this book? B:. 10. A: Have you got much spare time? B. . 11. A: Has the poor woman got much money? B: . 12. A: Are there many passengers on the plane? 32 . B: . . 13. A: Is

there much information in this booklet? B: . 14. Have you got much time to finish this book? B. . 15. Are there many flowers in the garden? B: . 16. Are there any grapes in the fridge? B. EXERCISE 22 FEW/A FEW/LITTLE/A LITTLE Complete the sentences with "FEW", "A FEW", "LITTLE" or "A LITTLE". 1. Over the next days, I want you to make sure you get plenty of rest 2. Yes, there are grapes in the fridge 3. There isn't much tea, but we only need for a cup of tea 4. There are books in this library about geology 5. The mother was carrying her child on her shoulder 6. Such opportunities are in Turkey 7. There is only whisky left 8. It was very cold, so people came to the meeting 9. You eat very That's why you are so thin 10. people are interested in this subject, so we will cancel the course next month 11. They have food left; they cannot survive for much longer 12. There is flour left, so Alice will make cakes 13.

She made effort and she didn't do well in the exam 14. I will have time this afternoon if you like to come and see me 15. Very experiments have been done to find out the cause of this disease 16. He knows what will happen in the future 17. I am thinking of changing my job because there arechances of promotion 18. There is milk in this bottle, but it is not enough for both of you 19. I have so time that I cannot go there 20. John was among the who really understood this matter 21. money was spent on the building and that is why it collapsed 33 22. When I moved into my flat, I had very furniture? 23. Janet went downtown to buy things for the party 24. He has knowledge about this subject, so he cannot pass the test 25. I find it difficult to talk to Cecilia because we have so in common 26. Selfish people often have friends 27. He cannot win the election I think he has chance of success 28. We have tomatoes, so we can make soup 29. There was only information in the

pamphlets 30. I am not a vegetarian but I always eat meat 31. My mother speaks Polish, so we can talk to those Polish tourists 32. We have got a lot of rice, but only cheese 33. I have to work all the time and I have time for relaxation 34. Didn't your father give you advice before you got married? 35.There are verylive TV broadcasts these days; almost every programme is recorded in advance EXERCISE 23 INDEFINITE ARTICLES (A /AN) Complete the sentences with the Indefinite Article "A", "AN" if it is necessary. 1) She is. real friend to me 2) It is. dreadful weather, so we cannot, go anywhere 3) What. terrible noise! I cannot hear anything 4) What . beautiful flowers you have! 5) Mrs Jones is . air-hostess 6) There is . orange on the plate 7) . German is more difficult than English 8) How many minutes are there in. hour? 9) Germany is . European country 10) Helen is . . English girl, and I am Turkish boy 11) . elephant is .

big animal 12) My father speaks . English with . American accent 13) I have got. umbrella 14) Sonya is. very clever girl 15) There is . engagement ring on her finger, 16) There is . . sugar in this coffee 17) That is. expensive radio; I cannot afford to buy it 34 18) Elizabeth is . beautiful lady 19) . iron is metal 20) There is . ashtray near the book 21) . Turkish is not easy language at all 22) Rose is at. university in England, 1 think 23) . lion is stronger than tiger 24) . 25) He is . English teacher at university in Tokyo 26) .monkey is more intelligent than dog 27) I am. actor, and my wife is actress 28) She always gives me . piece of advice 29) . . apple is sweeter than lemon . honesty is the best policy 30) She is . honest woman, but her husband is smuggler 31) They are. French doctors 32) Is this . dagger which 1 see before me? 33) I am very much interested, in . classical music 34) Let's go for . walk in the afternoon, shall we?

35) . . wine is made of grapes 36) Waiter, bring me . . tea, will you? EXERCISE 24 DEFINITE ARTICLE (THE) Complete the following sentences with the definite article "THE" if it is necessary. 1) . other day I had a letter from my friend 2) . Mount Everest is highest mountain in world 3) I play. tennis every Saturday 4) . sun rises in east 5) She is studying. history of China 6) . smallest planet in our solar system is Pluto 7) Who invented . telephone? 8) She is . only woman I love 9) . tiger is in danger of dying out 10) My sister goes to . school by bus every day 11) It is easy to get to . Kadikoy on foot 12) Can you go by . train from Alps to North Sea? 35 13) My friend works as a cook in . prison 14) . poverty can lead to unhappiness and despair 15) I have finished reading . book I bought last week 16) . longest walk in space was eight hours twenty nine minutes in 1992 17) I saw Jane at. dinner in Ankara yesterday 18) Though he killed

the man in self-defence, he has been in . prison for a long time 19) . Samsun is on Black Sea 20) They flew to . London from Atatürk Airport 21) My father will be going to . Netherlands on Monday 22) My friend, who comes from. Czech Republic, will go to United Kingdom 23) . Titanic sank during her maiden voyage to United States of America 24) . Thames flows through London 25) . woman in corner works for Daily Mirror 26) . hotel in Duke Street is Grand Hotel 27) Mary goes to . church every Sunday 28) Did you go to . cinema last night? 29) She was . first woman to go to moon 30) . Turkey of today is quite different from Turkey of yesterday 31) . Mars is a very big planet in solar system 32) What did you do on . Saturday of that week? 33) I am currently working at. University of Leeds 34) . women live longer than men 35) My wife doesn't like playing. golf with me 36) . water in that river was very cold EXERCISE 25 DEFINITE ARTICLE (THE) Complete the following

sentences with the definite article "THE" if it is necessary. 1) money doesn't always bringhappiness. 2) Does your father go to mosque ever; Friday? 3) Earth travels roundsun. 4) I think gas is cheaper than electricity, 5) milk contains a lot of vitamins. 6) We are going to win European Cup next year. 7) National Theatre is going to celebrate its thirteenth anniversary soon. 8) Someone broke in and stole several paintings from Royal Gallery last night. 36 9) Mark Spitz broke a lot of world records at1972 Olympics. 10) crime rate is on . increase in Turkey 11) life of Bill Clinton is very interesting. 12) Blues Band is appearing atOdeon on Saturday, 13) We are going to Sudan next summer. 14) ship was sailing near North Pole. 15) last time I saw Rose was before she left forBahamas. 16) At moment he is writing forDaily News. 17) . cost ofwire is not included in price ofticket 18) higher you climb, . further you [all 19) wind is blowing

hard now. 20) bread is made fromHour. 21) force of . explosion shattered all windows other day 22) We went to Trafalgar Square before visiting Buckingham Palace. 23) Apollo programme was set up to explore outer space. 24) Smith you are looking for no longer lives here. 25) Japanese admire traditions of Chinese. 26) noise causes stress and makes . blood-pressure rise 27) . Browns were having dinner when wind look offroof of their house? 28) Tigers are likely to win Cup Final. 29) They took us to Hawaiian Islands in Pacific Ocean. 30) Eileen kissed me on. cheek 31) They are going to pitch a tent near Take Van. 32) Fortime being we are staying at. Sheraton 33) Many people are afraid of death. 34) She speaks Spanish perfectly. 35) death of the poor old man brought. tears to my eyes 36) When are you leaving Istanbul for.Lebanon? EXERCISE 26 DEFINITE ARTICLE (THE) Complete the following sentences with the definite article "THE" if it is necessary. 1) . cancer

causes a lot of suffering 2) We will go to London on . twenty second of March 37 3) . taxi took us to Oxford Street 4) She punched him on. nose 5) She is always complaining about. traffic 6) I have got two cats;. yellow one is called Cancan, white one is called Mestan 7) . Ganges is a sacred river in India 8) . Beatles became famous in year of 1960 9) My mother is in . bed now because she didn't sleep at all last night 10) She touched me on . shoulder 11) I am trying to reach . same level as other students in my class 12) He is a receptionist at . Plaza Hotel 13) He was taught all. Spanish he knows by Carmen 14) When I was five, I got. mumps 15) . former is not as complex as latter 16) People say that. British are not very friendly 17) If we don't protect. nature, our environment will get worse and worse 18) I will take those letters to . post office in the afternoon 19) My hotel was near. Tower of London 20) You mustn’t' smoke on . Tube in

London 21) 21. James and Paul arrived at same time ^ 22) Mary looked up at. sky in surprise 23) . life has changed a lot during last fifty years in Turkey 24) . faster she ran, tireder she felt 25) . detective stories are more interesting than love stories 26) . meeting will be held at school 27) What do you do when he plays . piano? 28) . football they play here is different from kind they play in Turkey 29) My father is very much fond of. music of seventeenth century 30) Do you want to study . history of Hittites? 31) . Peugeot 306 weighs 1150 kilograms 32) We will visit. Blue Mosque tomorrow 33) I like rock music so I am going to . Rolling Stones' concert 34) Johann Strauss composed . Blue Danube 35) . Great Wall of China can be seen from space 36) . River Po flows into Adriatic Sea 38 EXERCISE 27 DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES (A / AN / THE) Complete the following sentences with "A", "AN", "THE" if it is necessary. 1) I would like

to be. medical doctor 2) Whatincredible story! 3) . Browns have picnic every Sunday 4) I often hear. terrible noise in morning 5) . 6) Let's go for. walk in woods 7) Take. glass and pour yourself drink 8) In my opinion . penicillin is most useful medicine 9) I am going to . cinema with her 10) . English is . most popular language in world . Egypt is gift of Nile 11) I have got. . few eggs, so let's make omelette 12) Kızılırmak is . longest river in Turkey 13) I want to make . phone call to Paris 14) Parts of. 15) Make. . Netherlands are below level of sea . love, not war 16) If you make . . promise, you must keep it 17) 1 am going to do . . shopping in the morning 18) The man set. . fire to the factor)' 19) We are talking about. Russian revolution 20) Times is one of. . Britain's oldest newspapers 21) 1 am staying at. home tonight 22) We live in . France, not in 23) Waiter! There is . hair

in my soup 24) They were selling coal by . ton 25) Would you like 26) There is . radio in living room 27) Would you like . cup of tea? 28) . Smiths have son and 29) . French eat in restaurants more than English 30) Jane plays . flute very well 31) I will have . little time this afternoon United States. . drink? . daughter 39 32) I drink . glass of milk before 1 go to . bed 33) Edison invented . gramophone, not telephone 34) . weather is very cold in March 35) We went to . church to repair . water-pipe 36) There is . cat in the living room . cal looks very hungry EXERCISE 28 DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES (A/AN/THE) Complete the following sentences with "A", "AN", "THE" if it is necessary. 1) There is. Mr Williams waiting to see you 2) Riding on. back of motorcycle was new experience for her 3) He has . devil of temper 4) . Titanic was sunk by iceberg 5) Robin Hood robbed . rich to help

poor 6) We do not go to . work on Sundays 7) Some students hate going to . school 8) It is such . bad weather that we can't go for picnic 9) He is . best of husbands 10) . more he practises, better he becomes 11) Trabzon is on . Black Sea 12) . generator produces electricity 13) Could I have . vodka and tonic, please? 14) Süleyman. Magnificent was most famous Sultan in the Ottoman Empire 15) You have saved my life, thanks . lot 16) It is . most frightening experience I have ever had 17) . lion is smaller than elephant 18) . Pope is to visit Cuba this month 19) I have read . Koran many times, but I haven't read Bible yet 20) . Israeli war planes have made air raid on Palestinian targets 21) . Parthenon is older than Coliseums, but Pyramids are oldest of all 22) . very centre of the graveyard was tomb of Princess 23) . poor envy rich 24) You are . very woman I wanted 25) . Leonardo da Vinci painted Mona Lisa 26) . six o'clock train doesn't suit

us, I am sorry 40 27) We have . lunch at one o'clock every day 28) . Sahara is largest desert in world 29) Every Christmas of my childhood was . same 30) At what age do . children learn to tell truth? 31) . people do not play cricket in winter in England 32) On. arrival in United Kingdom all visitors go through Customs 33) This is . last time we shall see him before he leaves for Paris 34) . teacher arrived at usual time 35) It is . duty of Medical Officer of Health to look after deaf and blind 36) Go along . High Street and take first turning on left EXERCISE 29 ANOTHER /OTHER /OTHERS Complete the following sentences with "ANOTHER", "OTHER" or "OTHERS". 1) I clean the house every. day 2) These books are mine; the . belong to my father 3) They are always lighting with each . 4) I saw my English teacher the . day 5) I liked this book, but my wife liked the . 6) May I have. slice of cake, please? 7) Do you

really need 8) Do you think that there is life on . planets? 9) She lost her ticket, so she had to buy . one . . one more than this . cup of coffee? 10) The Twins look alike. I cannot tell one from 11) You have already met Peter, but I have two . . . . brothers 12) These children are having tea in the canteen, but the . 13) She has taken . 16) . . are waiting in the office of my books. 14) Our hotel was cheaper than all the . 15) I prefer this chair To the . . . in the city . one, because it is more comfortable . five years passed before they met again 17) I have got. . things to do 18) A door opened at the . . end of the corridor 19) The man was waiting on the . side of the street 20) We would like to learn about. . peoples customs 41 21) 1 am very busy now, I will see you . time 22) They went from one shop to . . 23) . want this job if you turn it down 24) He made a drink for Christina, then poured . 25) There were

some . . for himself, people in the compartment. 26) She finished her cigarette, then lit. 27) Professor Barry, among . . . one immediately . , has drawn attention to this problem 28) Il is all past history and it happened in . . . country 29) Results in. countries are impressive 30) They didn't dare to look at one . 31) He had a newspaper in one hand, his hat in the . . . . 32) She found one excuse after . to postpone the meeting 33) 1 shall wait here until. . comeback 34) We will get there one way or. . 35) She has never discussed it with anyone . 36) In. . than Cinderella . two years we will have finished building the house EXERCISE 30 ONE/ONES Complete the following sentences with "ONE" or "ONES". 1) A: Which is your jacket? B: The red woollen .with pockets 2) A: Are you going to buy a new car? B: Yes, we are going to sell our present car and buy a new. 3) A: Is your car new? B: No, my car is very old, but I

cannot afford to buy a new. 4) A: Which envelopes do you want to buy? B: The big . please 5) A: Which magazines would you like to read? B: I would like to read the French. 6) A: Can I have some oranges, please? B: Certainly, which . do you want? 7) A: Is this your book? B: Yes, this is my book, but that. is hers 42 8) A: This knife is dull. Do you have a sharp? B: Yes, we have a sharp . but it is very expensive 9) A: Do you like tennis? B: Yes, I like all games, but tennis and basketball are the .I like best 10) A: Was the last lesson difficult? B: Yes, it was, but this . we are doing now is very easy 11) A: Is your plate dirty? B: Yes, it is; bring me a clean . please 12) A: Are these books good? B: Yes, they are, but those . are much better than these 13) A: Do you love cakes? B: Yes, I do, especially the . that my mother makes 14) A: We have got a lot of records. Which do you want to listen to? B: I want to listen to the . that you gave me yesterday 15)

A: Which books did you really enjoy reading? B: The.I really enjoyed were love stories 16) A: Do you like shrimps? B: Yes, I like them very much but I prefer the North Sea . to the Mediterranean 17) A: Which would you rather love, a rich wife or a pretty.? B: I would rather love a pretty. 18) A: Are you still using these old chairs? B: Yes, we are still using the old chairs, as the new . have not arrived yet EXERCISE 31 ELSE Complete the following sentences with the words on the list below. what else where else who else everybody else somebody else anybody else nobody else everyone else someone else anyone else no one else everything else something else anything else nothing else everywhere else somewhere else anywhere else nowhere else Example: A: Did you dance with Jane at the party? B: No, I didn't. I danced with someone else at the party 1) A: Does your father work here? 43 B: No, he doesn't. He works 2) . . A: Did you visit

Cathy? B: No, we didn't visit Cathy, but we visited . 3) . . . A: Would you like to drink lea? B: No, I wouldn't, but I would like to drink. 4) A: Did you speak to Tom? B: No, 1 didn’t, but 1 spoke to . 5) . . . A: Did you go to Japan last year? B: Yes, we did, but this year we are going . 6) A: Did you only ask James? B: No, I didn't only asked James, but I asked. 7) A: Are Jane and Maria here? B: Yes, they are, but there isn't . 8) . . A: Would you like . to drink? B: No, I wouldn't like to drink . 9) . . A: Did you go . after the party? B: No, we didn’t go . after the party 10) A: Are you going to London this summer? B: No, I am going . this summer 11) A: Have you been to London? B: Yes, I have, but. I have never been . 12) A:. . did you do? B: I did . . ., I only slaved at home 13) . A: Has Kate been to France? B: No, she hasn’t, but she has been .

. . . . 14) A: Can doctors cure cancer? B: No, they can't, but they can cure . 15) A: . . . have they invited? B: They have invited .but the Browns EXERCISE 32 ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS OF MANNER Complete the following sentences with an "Adjective" or "Adverb of Manner". Example : My sister speaks . English, (perfect/ perfectly) My sister speaks perfect English. My sister speaks English perfectly 44 1. a My brother plays the piano very (good / well) b. Catherine is very at tennis 2. a Her parents welcomed the visitors (warm / warmly) b. I always wear clothes in winter 3. a We heard some noises upstairs, (loud / loudly) b. The children were shouting 4. a Unemployment is a problem in Turkey, (serious / seriously) b. She was injured in the accident 5. a He saw a very girl in the morning, (beautiful / beautifully) b. Maria was singing the Spanish songs very 6. a The little girl looks rather (sad / sadly) b. The woman looked at the poor boy 7.

a The dollar has fallen recently, (drastic / drastically) b. We must take measures to bring inflation down 8. a She was a very student, (careful / carefully) b. She wrote the letter very 9. a The children waited for the dentist, (quiet / quietly) b. I don't know why she is so today 10. a The children are playing very at the moment, (bad / badly) b. There was a accident, and many people were killed 11. a The moon moves round the Earth, (slow / slowly) b. What do you know about erosion of rocks by the wind? 12. a We had some rain last week, (heavy / heavily) b. It rained last night 13. a He was a very friend of mine, (close / closely) b. The police car was following the woman very 14. a English is spoken all over the world, (wide / widely) b. We are walking along the road 15. a You should be with your children, (patient / patiently) b. The teacher always treats the students 16. a My brother was very about his clothes, (careless / carelessly) b. He threw the china

cups into a box 45 EXERCISE 33 COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES Complete the following sentences with the Comparative forms of "Adjectives" in brackets. Example : My sister is shorter than I /I am / me. (short) I am heavier than she / she is / her. (heavy) Peter looks much younger than he / he does / him. (young) 1) I am. . my father (is), (tall) 2) The Taj Mahal is . the While House (is), (old) 3) This boxer is a bit. the oilier one (fast) 4) The Sun is. 5) The North Pole is a bit . 6) Those grapes are a lot. the others, (sweet) 7) Everest is . any other mountain in the world, (high) 8) Interest rates are . in Britain in France, (low) 9) The Mississippi is . the Kızılırmak (is), (long) 10) Today is. . . the Earth (is), (big) . the South Pole (is), (cold) . it was yesterday, (hot) 11) The upstairs woman is . the downstairs woman, (young) 12) This place is . 13) Silver is. . that deserted island, (safe)

. gold, (cheap) 14) The sea today is much . 15) The Pacific Ocean is . 16) Your mother looks . it was yesterday, (calm) . the Atlantic Ocean, (deep) . your father (does), I think, (old) 17) Olga is . her brother, (fat) 18) The apartment was . we had expected, (little) 19) February is . April, (cold) 20) A train is not. a bus (quick) 21) The United States of America is . . . . Canada, (large) 22) My brother is . your brother (is), (smart) 23) The Pound is . the United States Dollar (is), (strong) 24) Diana is . . she was two years ago (thin) 25) Today my secretary seems to be . she was yesterday, (busy) 26) She is very much . she was last year, (happy) 27) Today I am . I was yesterday, (angry) 28) Living in the country is . living in the city, (healthy) 29) The weather is Konya is . . . the weather in Antalya, (dry) 46 30) This street is . the street in which the children are playing, (noisy) 31) Silvana is much. the

other girls I know, (pretty) 32) I think Steven is . David (is), (friendly) EXERCISE 34 COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES Complete the following sentences with the Comparative forms of "Adjectives" in brackets. Example: Kate is more intelligent than he / he is / him. (Intelligent) Rose looks more cheerful than I /I do / me. (Cheerful) We are more carefully than they / they are / them, (careful) 1) Istanbul is . Ankara (is), (crowded) 2) Imagination is . knowledge (is), (important) 3) The food in Turkey is . the food in Germany, (delicious) 4) Dogs are . cats (are), (affectionate) 5) Mr Smith is . his wife (is), (sensible) 6) The man's own life was much . Mr Smith's, (interesting) 7) A cobra is . a boa constrictor, (dangerous) 8) Spanish is . Italian, I think, (popular) 9) The dome of the Blue Mosque is . the dome of St Sophia, (elegant) 10) I think Chinese is . Turkish, (difficult) 11) My car is . my father's, (expensive) 12) This method is . the one you are

talking about, (effective) 13) Swiss watches are .other watches, (reliable) 14) My brother's handwriting is . mine, (legible) 15) A train is . a bus (comfortable) 16) Riding a mountain bike is . jogging, (tiring) 17) Today the director is . he was yesterday, (furious) 18) She has a . nature her husband, (generous) 19) British Airways is . Air France, (profitable) 20) This seems to be a . murder the one you are investigating, (mysterious) 21) Your mother is . your father, I think, (extravagant) 22) This holiday seems to be . the one we had last year, (exciting) 23) Susan is . the girl we met at the party, (beautiful) 47 24) Hepatitis is . a sore throat, (serious) 25) Dogs are . cats, (playful) 26) Frankly speaking, Eileen is . my sister, (attractive) 27) Monkeys are . dogs, (obedient) 28) Living in a large city is .living in a small one (stressful) 29) These parents are . those parents, (audacious) 30) My daughter is . my son in solving problems, (successful) 31) I find

swimming. most other games, (relaxing) 32) You look . your husband (does), Hilda! (energetic) EXERCISE 35 COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADVERBS Complete the following sentences with the Comparative Forms of "Adverbs" in brackets. Example: My father speaks English. I /I do / me (fluently) My father speaks English more fluently than I / I do /me. My girl runs . . he / he does / him (fast) My girlfriend runs faster than he / he does / him. 1) Sally types. 2) The manager comes to the factory . .her sister (does) (quickly) . . . the workers (do), (late) 3) A cat walks . . a dog. (quietly) 4) Alice drives . Olga (carelessly) 5) My father goes to the cinema . my mother (does), (frequently) 6) Susan dances . Lolita (does), (gracefully) 7) My mother walks. my father (does), (fast) 8) Our teacher worked . 9) Shakira sings . 10) The hostess of the house welcomed us . the students (did), (hard) anyone else I have ever

heard, (beautifully) . the host, (warmly) 11) Nancy wrote the sentences . . . Lora (did), (neatly) 12) The teacher spoke . . . all the girls in the room, (slowly) 13) The captain talks about the accident . 14) My mother spends money . . my father, (generously) 15) The boys are playing . . 16) My daughter sings . . . the sailors, (cautiously) . the girls (are), (noisily) . my son (does), (excellently) 48 17) She described the scenery. 18) I arrived here . . 19) This woman talks . . the other students (did), (early) . the men in the government, (openly) 20) Thamanin the corner spoke . 21) The girl explained the problems . . . the chairman (did), (clearly) . the boy (did), (easily) 22) My husband usually comes home from work. 23) Lara lives . . . this, (early) . her husband, (comfortably) 24) The boys are answering the questions . 25) The teacher will arrive at the party. . the woman (did),

(vividly) . . . the girls, (intelligently) . the students, (soon) 26) My father waited for the result of my exam . . me (impatiently) 27) The girls responded to my questions . 28) The nurse answered my questions . . 29) My daughter understood the problem . 30) Azra goes to the cinema . . the boys, (politely) . . . . . . the doctor, (gently) . my son (rapidly) I/I do/me. (often) EXERCISE 36 SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES Complete the following sentences with the Superlatives forms of "Adjectives" in brackets. Example : Diana is the most beautiful girl in our school, (beautiful) Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world, (high) 1. Maths is one of subjects at school, (interesting) 2. Asia is of the seven continents in the world, (big) 3. Africa is of the four continents that I have visited, (large) 4. This is restaurant in the town, (expensive) 5. English is language in the world, (popular) 6. Mont Blanc is

mountain in Europe, (high) 7. Frankly speaking, city I stayed in was Paris, (lovely) 8. The elephant is the animal that has memory, (long) 9. The Sahara is desert in the world, (large) 10. He is person in the family, (obstinate) 11. The giraffe is of all animals, (tall) 49 12. July and August are months of the year, (hot) 13. Sandy was girl in our school, (pretty) 14. December and January are months of the year, (cold) 15. I think I am woman because I have got a lot of money, (happy) 16. The teacher asked me question during the exam, (difficult) 17. John is of the five children, (old) 18. To my way of thinking, my father is man in the world, (handsome) 19. Carol has dimples in the world, (cute) 20. Once the Hilton hotel was hotel in Istanbul, (luxurious) 21. My sister bought one of cars in the city, (cheap) 22. I think Nathalie Cardone is one ofsingers in the world, (charming) 23. I think bungee jumping is sports of all (dangerous) 24. Molly is student in our class,

(intelligent) 25. The Beatles were perhaps group of the 1960's (well-known) 26. The football fans in Istanbul are in the world, (enthusiastic) 27. Istanbul is city in Turkey, (crowded) 28. Sydney is probably city I have ever visited, (spectacular) 29. Pollution is problem in most countries in the world, (serious) 30. Unemployment is problem in Turkey, (important) 31. According to news, the government has imposed a new tax (late) 32. This is ice-cream I have ever eaten, (delicious) EXERCISE 37 COMPARATIVES / SUPERLATIVES Complete the following sentences with the Comparative or Superlative forms of the "Adjectives" or "Adverbs" in brackets. 1. An industrious student studies . a lazy student, (hard) 2. My sister is member of my family, (musical) 3. 1 speak English . . 4. 1 can read this book my sister does, (badly) . . I can read that book, (easily) 5. I drew that picture . of any pictures I have ever drawn, (carefully) 6.

My mother sings . . . of anyone in our family, (beautifully) 50 7. Kate is 8. He is . Ruth, (intelligent) . dancer of them all (good) 9. The Swiss chocolate has . fat of all. (little) 10. Jupiter is planet in the solar system, (big) 11. My children behave your children, (well) 12. Imagination is knowledge, (important) 13. Rose is a serious girl and behaves all of us (seriously) 14. What is . way of getting from here to the station? (quick) 15. He was a bit depressed yesterday but he looks . . . today, (happy) 16. My father speaks English my mother, (fluently) 17. Monica finished her work . . of all (fast) 18. One of the dogs behaves the other, (aggressively) 19. Sue smoked after the acupuncture treatment, (little) 20. Olga knows a lot . about (he job . I do (much) 21. My father gels up I (do), (early) 22. What is river in the world? (long) 23. With a population of over 13 million

Istanbul is . . . city in Turkey, (crowded) 24. Travelling by plane is travelling by train, (fast) 25. Greenland is island in the world, (large) 26. Harrods is probably one of ., department stores, (well-known) 27. London Heathrow Airport is . . Tokyo Airport, (busy) 28. The film was the book, (interesting) 29. What is restaurant in Istanbul? (fashionable) 30. That is joke I have ever heard, (funny) 31. Natural food is fast food, (healthy) 32. It was an awful day In fact, it was day of my life, (bad) 33. Chinese food is food in the world, (healthy) 34. He was . person in the village, (polite) 35. For some people health is money, (important) EXERCISE 38 COMPARATIVE / SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES Make sentences using the Comparative and Superlative forms of the "Adjectives" according to the information on the chart below. 51 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Example: Rose * * * * * * * * * tall beautiful attractive charming careful

intelligent successful happy cheerful Mary is tall. Mary * * * * * * * * * Jane * * * * * * * * * (Positive Degree) Rose is taller than Mary (is). (Comparative Degree) Jane is the tallest of the three. (Superlative Degree 1. a b c 2. a b c 3. a b c 4. a b c 5. a b c 6. a b c 8. a b c 9. a b c 52 EXERCISE 39 COMPARATIVE / SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADVERBS Make sentences using the Comparative and Superlative forms of the "Adverbs" according to the information on the chart below. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 well fast fluently hard early late beautifully generously quietly Eileen * * * * * * * * * Melissa * * * * * * 1. a b c 2. a b c 3. a b c 4. a b c 5. a b c 6. a b c 7. a b c 8. a b 53 Angela * • * * * * * * c EXERCISE 40 IRREGULAR COMPARATIVE / SUPERLATIVE FORMS Complete the following sentences with the proper degrees of the "Adjectives" in brackets. Example : a. English cheese is good (Positive) b. French cheese is better than English

cheese (Comparative) c. Turkish cheese is the best of the three (Superlative) 1. a Carol's English pronunciation is (bad / worse / the worst) b. Mandy's English pronunciation is Carol's c. Jane's English pronunciation is of the three 2. a Dilara has books, (a lot of (many) / more / the most) b. Melanie has books Dilara (has) c. Christina has books of the three 3. a Selda has money, (a lot of (much) / more / the most) b. Muge has money Selda (has) c. Patricia has money of the three 4. a Belinda drinks wine, (little / less / the least) b. Maggie drinks wine Belinda (does) c. Pamela drinks wine of the three 5. a Eski§ehir is from here, (a long way(far) / farther / the farthest) b. Ankara is Eskisehir from here c. Erzurum is of the three 6. a Janet is (ill / worse / the worst) b. Nora is Janet c. Betty is of the three 7. a Carol feels (well / better/ the best) b. Susan is Carol c. Matilda is of the three 8. a Miranda has eyes, (evil / worse /

the worst) b. Lolita has eyes Miranda (has) c. Diana has eyes of the three 54 9. a Tom's essay is (good / better / the best) b. Roger's essay is Tom's essay c. Allan's essay is of the three EXERCISE 41 IRREGULAR COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE FORMS Complete the following sentences with the proper degrees of the "Adverbs" in brackets. Example : a. Kate speaks Spanish well (Positive) b. Gilda speaks Spanish better than Kale (does) c. Lora speaks Spanish the best of the three (Comparative) (Superlative) 1. a Monica works (little / less / the least) b. Christina works Monica (does) c. Marcella works of the three 2. a Olenda sleeps (a lot (much) / more / the most) b. Claudia sleeps Olenda (does) c. Patricia sleeps of the three 3. a Paul plays tennis (well / better / the best) b. George plays tennis Paul (does) c. Charles plays tennis of the three. 4. a Nathalie sings Turkish songs (badly / worse / the worst) b. Olga sings

Turkish songs . Natalie (does) c. Natasha sings Turkish songs of the three 5. a Cinderella worked . (hard / harder / the hardest) b. Rosemary worked Cinderella (did) c. Elizabeth worked of the three 6. a Rose gets up (late /later / the latest) b. Carol gels up Rose (does) c. Nancy gets up of the three 55 7. a Jack ran (fast / faster / the fastest) b. Danny ran Jack (did) c. Tony ran of the three 8. a Selda gels up in the morning, (early / earlier / the earliest) b. Müge gets up Selda in the morning c. Nükhet gets up of the three in the morning EXERCISE 42 COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES Rewrite the following sentences using the Comparative forms of "Much" or "Little" without changing the meaning of the sentence. Example : MUCH MORE THE MOST LITTLE LESS THE LEAST My book is more interesting than yours. Your book is less interesting than mine 1. Martha was more polite than Sharon (was) 2. Her chair is less comfortable

than mine 3. My father is more successful than yours 4. My dog is less playful than hers 5. I am more forgetful than Julia (is) 6. That snake is less dangerous than this snake 7. Our teacher is more cheerful than theirs 8. Travelling by air is more exciting than travelling by sea 9. Margaret is less obedient than her sister 10. Your classroom is more noisy than ours 11. A thunderstorm is less terrible than a hurricane 56 12. Fishing is more relaxing than tennis 13. A cold is less serious than flu 14. Pamela is more helpful than Melissa (is) 15. Fiona is less enthusiastic than Stella (is) EXERCISE 43 DIFFERENT COMPARATIVE /SUPERLATIVE FORMS Complete the following sentences with the Comparative and Superlative forms of the "Adjectives" and "Adverbs" in brackets. Example : a. Tom Cruise is handsomer than Mel Gibson (handsome) Tom Cruise is more handsome than Mel Gibson. b. Kevin Costner is the handsomest of all the actors I know Kevin Costner is the most handsome

of all the actors I know. 1. a Julia is most people think, (clever) Julia is . - most people think b. Jennifer is girl in London Jennifer is . girl in London 57 2. a This hotel is the hotel you are staying at (noisy) This hotel is . the hotel you are slaying at b. This street is street in Istanbul This street is . street in Istanbul 3. a Zeynep is Melissa ( friendly) Zeynep is . Melissa b. Isabella is girl on our team Isabella is . girl on our team 4. a Rose has got a smile Helen (has), (pleasant) Rose has got a . smile Rose (has) b. Helen has got smile in the world Helen has got. smile in the world 5. a This law is the one we are discussing about, (common) This law is . the one we are discussing about b. I think, surname in Turkey is "Şentürk" I think,. „ surname in Turkey is " Şentürk " 6. a My nephew is my niece, (polite) My nephew is . . my niece b. Maria is woman in the

group Maria is . woman in the group 7. a This path has a slope that one (gentle) This path has a . slope that one b. He was man I have ever met He was . man I have ever met 8. a This plan of this building is that plan you are working on (simple) This plan is . that plan you are working on b. This is mistake they have ever made This is . mistake they have ever made 9. a This man is Jack the Ripper, (cruel) This man is . Jack the Ripper b. This is treatment we have received for years This is . treatment we have received for years 10. a The new vacuum cleaner is the one we used before, (quiet) The new vacuum cleaner is . the one we used before b. This is washing-machine we have ever bought This is . washing-machine we have ever bought 58 11. a That boy is I think, (stupid) That boy is . I think b. That is idea that has come to my mind That is . idea that has come to my mind 12. a This road is that road, (narrow) This road is . that road b. This is

river in the Black Sea region This is . river in the Black Sea region 13. a This part of the river is the other part, (shallow) This part of the river is . the other part b. This is part of the river This is . part of the river 14. a Zeynep speaks Selda (loud) Zeynep speaks. Selda b. Gönül speaks of the three Gönül speaks . of the three 15. a Helen goes to the cinema Nancy, (often) Helen goes to the cinema . Nancy b. Helga goes to the cinema of the three Helga goes to the cinema . of the three 59 EXERCISE 44 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF NOUNS Complete the following sentences with the different quantities of "Nouns" using the "Words" in brackets. MUCH + UNCOUNTABLE NOUN MANY + COUNTABLE NOUN LITTLE + UNCOUNTABLE NOUN FEW + COUNTABLE NOUN Examples: a. Pamela has a lot of (much) time (Positive) b. Susan is more Time than Pamela (has) (Comparative) c Alice has the most time of the three (Superlative) a. Matilda has few friends b. Mary

has fewer friends than Matilda (has) c. Janet has the fewest friends of the three 1. a Helga has children, (a lot of (many) / more / the most) b. Rita has children Helga (has) c. Clarissa has children of the three 2. a George has money, (little / less / the least) b. Tom has money George (has) c. Jim has money of the three 3. a Aysegül has imagination, (little / less / the least) b. Fates has imagination Aysegül (has) c. Ipek has imagination of the three 4. a There was pollution in Ankara, (a lot of (much) / more / the most) b. There is pollution in Ankara there was five years ago c. The managing director gets money in our office 5. a There were educational programs, (few / fewer / the fewest) b. There are educational programmes there were two years ago c. We have got educational programmes this year 6. a Monica has books, (few / fewer / the fewest) b. Rosemary has books Monica (has) c. Nancy has books of the three 7. a Dilara

has patience, (a lot of (much) / more / the most) b. Claudia has patience Dilara (has) c. Marcella has patience of the three 60 EXERCISE 45 COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES (SIMILARITY) Combine the following pairs of sentences using the following "Comparative Structure". AS + ADJECTIVE + AS Example: Julia is very beautiful. Linda is very beautiful, too Julia is as beautiful as Linda (is) 1. Paul has a lot of (many) children Jack has a lot of (many) children, too 2. The box is very heavy The bag is very heavy, too 3. Maria is very fat Angela is very fat, too 4. The red flower is very beautiful The blue flower is very beautiful, too 5. Mary is very careful Sandra is very careful, too 6. The Statue of Liberty is very famous The Tower of London is very famous, too 7. Leyla is very young Zeynep is very young, too 8. Lolita is very poor Rosemary is very poor, too 9. This problem is very difficult That problem is very difficult, too 10. Horror films are very

thrilling Science fiction films are very thrilling, too 11. My father is very cheerful My mother is very cheerful, too 12. My brother is very rich Your brother is very rich, too 13. Matilda is very friendly Rebecca is very friendly, too 14. I have a lot of (many) books Peter has a lot of (many) books, too 15. Hilda has a lot of (much) money Sharon has a lot of (much) money, too 16. My sister is talented for music My brother is talented for music, too 61 EXERCISE 46 COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADVERBS (SIMILARITY) Combine the following pairs of sentences using the following "Comparative Structure". AS Example: + ADVERB + AS Rose speaks German very well. Kate speaks German very well, too Rose speaks German as well as Kale (does). Kale ran very fast. Melissa ran very fast, too Melissa ran as fast as Kale (did) 1. Melissa speaks Polish very fluently Susan speaks Polish very fluently, too 2. Tom works very hard Diana works very hard, too 3. My father plays the piano very badly

My mother plays the piano very badly, too 4. Paul began playing the piano very late Peter began playing the piano very late, too 5. Martha started very early Claudia started very early, too 6. Peter writes very slowly Tom writes very slowly, too 7. Marry danced very gracefully Belly danced very gracefully, too 8. Tina runs very fast Hilary runs very fast, too 9. I play the piano very beautifully Sally plays the piano very beautifully, too, 10. Lara speaks Russian very perfectly Olga speaks Russian very perfectly 11. Betty smokes a lot (much) Carol smokes a lot (much), too 12. The President spoke very carelessly The Premier spoke very carelessly, too 13. My sister drives very carefully My brother drives very carefully, too 14. Tom escaped from prison mysteriously Roger escaped from prison mysteriously, too 15. The man expressed his opinion clearly The girl expressed her opinion clearly, too 62 EXERCISE 47 COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS Combine the following pairs of

sentences using the "Structure" below. NOT AS/NOT SO + NOT AS/NOT SO Example: ADJECTIVE + ADVERB + AS + AS The red book is thick. The green book is very thick (ADJECTIVE) The red book is not as thick as the green one. The red book is not so thick as the green one Mary sings beautifully. Helen sings very beautifully (ADVERB) Mary does not sing as beautifully as Helen (does). Mary does not sing so beautifully as Helen (does). 1. Madrid is famous Paris is very famous 2. Ankara is crowded Istanbul is very crowded 3. Turkey is powerful The United States of America is very powerful 4. My father is young My mother is very young 5. Melissa is happy Zeynep is very happy 6. A Mercedes is expensive A Rolls Roys is very expensive 7. A dog is intelligent A monkey is very intelligent 8. Jane is careful Molly is very careful 63 9. The first problem was difficult The second problem was very difficult 10. My father plays the flute excellently My sister plays the flute very

excellently 11. Natalie speaks English well Lora speaks English very well 12. My father behaves strangely My mother behaves very strangely 13. My father explains the lesson clearly My teacher explains the lesson very clearly 14. The boys did well in the exam The girls did very well in the exam EXERCISE 48 THE SAME + NOUN + AS Combine the following pairs of sentences using structures below and the "Nouns" in brackets. THE SAME Example: + NOUN + AS My book is red. His book is red (colour) My book is the same colour as his book. His book is the same colour as mine (my book). 1. The red dress costs fifty dollars The blue coat costs fifty dollars, (price) 2. Jane is six years old Marjorie is six years old (age) 3. My father plays the violin My brother plays the violin, (musical instrument) 4. James has scarlet fever Monica has scarlet fever, (disease) 64 5. Maria is studying Arabic Julia is studying Arabic, (language) 6. Iran has a warm climate Egypt has a warm climate,

(kind of climate) 7. My mother was wearing a skirt My sister was wearing a skirt, (kind of clothing) 8. I am fond of antiques My mother is fond of antiques, (kind of furniture) 9. I arrived home at ten o'clock Rose arrived home at ten o'clock, (time) 10. Maggie likes spaghetti Martha likes spaghetti, (kind of food) 11. Rose had twenty dollars Lisa had twenty dollars, (amount of money) 12. Helen has five children Angela has five children, (number of children) 13. I am six feet tall My sister is six feet tall, (height) 14. Songül lives in Paris Sebnem lives in Paris, (city) 15. The hotel is two miles from here The train station is Two miles from here, (distance) EXERCISE 49 COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE Complete the following sentences with "IN", "THAN", "OF", "THE", "THE SAME" or "AS . AS" 1) My father is older. my mother 2) Istanbul is . most crowded city Turkey 65 3) Tom Cruise is . handsome Mel Gibson 4)

Antalya is not. beautiful Istanbul 5) Eileen is . most beautiful girl the world 6) The city is noisier . the country 7) The cheetah is . fastest animal all 8) Julia is . richest the three 9) You are losing weight but you are eating. as you usually do 10) We stayed at. cheapest hotel the town 11) Everest is . highest mountain in the world It is higher any other mountain in Turkey 12) It was one of. most enjoyable holidays we have ever had 13) Debbie went to . school as Ann did 14) I don't read . quickly he does 15) I wear . perfume as my mother does 16) . older you grow, more intolerant you become, father! 17) The women in this factory work under. conditions as me 18) There weren't. many people at this meeting the last one 19) The meal cost less. I expected 20) Greenland is . biggest island the world 21) My exam results are nearly. as yours; that's a real coincidence 22) The leather coat is half. expensive the fur one 23) She makes

more phone calls . anyone else 24) .more he studied, easier for him to solve the maths problems 25) The weather in Konya is drier . the weather in Antalya 26) Your name is . as my uncle's 27) December is colder . November, but January is coldest all 28) My job is . difficult your father's 29) The food in Turkey is more delicious . the food in Germany 30) Today my secretary is busier . she was yesterday 31) The Toyota is . most economical car the world 32) The weather today is worse . it was yesterday 33) You are more beautiful. yesterday, less beautiful tomorrow 34) Which is . hottest season of the year? 35) Who do you think is . most handsome actor? 66 EXERCISE 50 PARALLEL COMPARATIVE (THE . THE ) Rewrite the following sentences using the "Comparative Structure" below. THE + COMPARATIVE., Example: THE + COMPARATIVE. If you eat more, you get fatter. The more you eat, the fatter you get. If you eat more, you will get fatter. The more

you eat, the fatter you will get. 1) If it becomes winner, you want to work less. 2) If the wage increases bigger, the rate of inflation is / will he higher. 3) If he had more free time, he felt more relaxed. 4) If she felt tired, she ran more slowly. 5) If he was more worried, he smoked more cigarettes. 6) If he smoked more cigarettes, he ate less. 7) If Rosemary gels richer, she becomes more selfish, 8) If I know more, I become more aware of my ignorance 9) If I work harder, I succeed / will succeed better. 10) If you climb higher, you can see more. 11) If he gets older, he becomes / will become more bad tempered, 12) If you read more carefully, you understand / will understand better. 13) If you work harder, the exam will be easier, 14) If I practise playing the piano more, I become / will become more frustrated. 15) If your children grow older, they become / will become more tolerant. 67 EXERCISE 51 COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE Answer the following

questions. 1) A: What is the most expensive city in the world to live in? B: . 2) A: What city in Turkey has the most crime? B: . 3) A: Who is the tallest person in your family? B: . 4) A: Which is more expensive, a Mercedes or a Rolls Royce? B: . 5) A: Have you got more money or less money than your father has? B: . 6) A: Which is longer, the Mississippi or the Amazon? B: . 7) A: Is your mother as tall as your father (is)? B 8) A: What is the name of the highest mountain in the world? B: . 9) A: Which is more intelligent, a horse or a monkey? B: . 10) A: What is the shortest month of the year? B: . 11) A: What is the most popular sport in your country? B: . 12) A: Do you always spend more money than your father? B: . 13) A: What is the most boring film you have ever seen? B: . 68 14) A: Is your hair as long as it used to be? B: . 15) A: Which is more comfortable, a train or a plane? B: . 16) A: Can you run as fast as your friend? B: . 17) A: Who is the

most famous person you have ever met? B: . 18) A: Can you sleep more than eight hours a night? B: . EXERCISE 52 COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE Answer the following questions. 1. A: Who is the funniest comedian in Turkey? B: ., 2. A: Who is the best football player in Turkey? B: . 3. A: Who is the richest person in Turkey? B: . 4. A: Can you speak English as fluently as your teacher? B: . 5. A: Who is the most cheerful person in your family? B: . 6. A: Which is the largest continent in the world? B: . 7. A: What is the coldest month of the year? B: . 8. A: Is France more powerful than the United States of America? B: . 9. A: Is an elephant taller or shorter than a donkey? 10. A: Is the weather today better or worse than it was yesterday? B: . 11. A: Who is younger, your mother or your father? 69 B: . 12. A: Which is more expensive, Istanbul or Tokyo? 13. A: Is mathematics more difficult or less difficult than chemistry? B: . 14. A: Forty years ago, was life easier or more

difficult than it is today? B: . 15. A: What is the most difficult language in the world? B: . 16. A: Is a monkey more intelligent or less intelligent than a donkey? B: 17. A: Can you speak French as fluently as a Frenchman? B: . 18. A: Could you run as fast as a horse when you were younger? B: . EXERCISE 53 THE PRESENT SIMPLE (VERB: BE) Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb "BE" in "The Present Simple". AM IS ARE 1. A: you from London? B: Yes, I. from London, but my sister from Edinburgh 2. A: your father a pilot with KLM? B: No, he . not He a pilot with Turkish Airlines 3. A: the windows of the car open? B: Yes, they . open 4. A: you American citizens? B: No, we . not American citizens We Turkish citizens 5. A: Atatürk in the hearts of Turkish people? B: Yes, of course, he . in the very hearts of Turkish people? 6. A: your parents the members of this club? B: No, they . not the members of this club 7. A: the weather very

cold today? 70 B: No, it. not very cold today 8. A: you and Elizabeth cousins? B: No, we . not cousins We not related to each other 9. A: the students in the garden? B: Yes, they. in the garden 10. A your baby in bed? B: No, it. not in bed It in my arms 11. A: your father very good at tennis? B: Yes, he . very good at tennis 12. A: your teachers well-qualified? B: Yes, they. well-qualified 13. A: you very clever? B: No, I. not very clever 14. A: I at the service of the King? B: Of course, you . at the service of the King 15. A: one of the teachers in hospital now? B: Yes, one of the teachers . in hospital now 16. A: all the children in front of the building? B: Yes, all the children . in front of the building 17. A: your father an officer in the Turkish Air Force? B: No, he . not an officer in the Turkish air Force He is in the Turkish Navy EXERCISE 54 THE PRESENT SIMPLE (VERB: BE) Answer the following questions in the "Affirmative" and "Negative'. Example:

Are you from the United States of America? a. Yes, I am from the United States of America b. No, I am not from the United States of America 1. Is your father fond of classical music? a. Yes, b. No, . . 2. Are there many parks in Istanbul? a. Yes, 71 b. No, 3. Are they proud of their children? a. Yes, b. No, 4. Are your children afraid of spiders? a. Yes, . . b. No, 5. Is bungee jumping a very exciting sports? a. Yes, b. No, 6. Are your classmates interested in Turkish literature? a. Yes, b. No, 7. Is there any water in the bottle? a. Yes, . b. No, 8. Are the rooms of this hotel full of tourists? a. Yes, . . b. No, 9. Ami familiar with this type of work? a. Yes, . . b .No, 10. Are you ashamed of your poor clothes? a. Yes, . . b. No, 11. Are your students in front of the theatre? a. Yes,

. b. No EXERCISE 55 THE PRESENT SIMPLE (HAVE GOT/ HAS GOT) Answer the following questions in the "Affirmative" and "Negative". Example: Have you got a calculator? a. Yes, I have got a calculator 72 b. No, I have not got a calculator Has your sister got a car? a. Yes, she has got a car b. No, she has not got a car 1. Has your mother got small hands? a. Yes, b. No, 2. Have you got a villa in Istanbul? a. Yes, b. No, 3. Has your father got a gold watch? a. Yes, b. No, 4. Have you got a long beard? a. Yes, b. No, 5. Have your parents got two dogs? a. Yes, b. No, 6. Has Maria got a beautiful garden? a. Yes, b. No, 7. Have you got three children? a. Yes, b. No, 8. Has your sister got a bad cold? a. Yes, b. No, 9. Has Istanbul got many historical places? a. Yes, b. No, 10. Have you got much money in your pocket? a. Yes, b. No, 11. Has your mother got a terrible headache? a. Yes, 73 b. No, EXERCISE 56 THE PRESENT SIMPLE

Complete the questions using 'The Auxiliary Verbs" on the list below and the correct forms of the "Main Verbs" in the answers. DO / DOES Example: A: What time do the Browns have breakfast? B: They have breakfast at seven o'clock. 1) A: Whenthe childrentennis? B: The children play tennis in the afternoon. 2) A: Howthe studentsthe problems? B: The students solve the problems easily. 3) A: What timeyour sisterto bed? B: My sister goes to bed at eleven o'clock. 4) A: How much moneyyour father? B: My father earns a lot of money. 5) A: Whoyour fatherto the cinema ever)'week? B: My father takes me to the cinema every week. 6) A: Whatyouwith? B: I write with a pen, 7) A: Whereyour son? B: My son works in a hospital in Istanbul. 8) A: Whoyour sister? B: I think she loves Kevin Costner. 9) A: How longit you to go To school by bus? B: It takes me twenty minutes to go to school by bus. 10) A: How longyour fatherin the waiting room? B: My father waits in the

waiting room until the train comes. 11) A: With whomBettyin London? B: Betty lives with her parents in London. 12) A: Who/whomthe teachera piece of advice? B: The teacher gives the students a piece of advice. 13) A: How much timethe doctorsto play tennis? B: The doctors have a lot of time to play tennis. 74 14) A: How oftenyour brotherto the theatre? B: My brother goes to the theatre twice a month. 15) A: How many hoursyour sisterEnglish every day? B: My sister studies English for two hours every day. EXERCISE 57 THE PRESENT SIMPLE Substitute "HE" or "SHE" for the subject in each of the following sentences and make other necessary changes. Example : The children study their lessons every day. He studies his lessons every day. She studies her lessons every day. 1. I teach Japanese to my parents on Sunday mornings She . 2. We have German lessons in the morning He . 3. The workmen rush at the children She . 4. We do our homework at home He . 5. They cry for

their beloved country She . 6. They fly to London every Saturday He . 7. I do not have any money in my pocket She . 8. You go to the cinema by yourself He . 9. They try to do their homework in the morning She . 10. We watch television every night He . 11. Those people box excellently She . 12. The workers hurry to the factory early in the morning 75 He . 13. The children don't go to the cinema on Sundays She . 14. My friends have a picnic on the island every week He . 15. We don't take Julia to the cinema every week She . 16. The teachers relax and forget about their problems at school He . EXERCISE 58 THE PRESENT SIMPLE Give "Negative" answers to the questions and then "Positive" answers, using the words in brackets. Example A: Is your sister married to Abbas? (Binali) B: No, She is not married to Abbas. She is married to Binali 1) A: Does your father work in London? (Paris) B: No, 2) A: Do you speak German? (Spanish) B: No, 3) A: Does your

sister live with Orhan? (Müslim) B: No, 4) A: Is your sister's name Margaret? (Julia) B: No, 5) A: Are you from Istanbul? (Mersin) B: No, 76 6) A: Does this book cost 25 dollars? (50 dollars) B: No, 7) A: Do you like playing the piano? (the guitar) B: No, 8) A: Does she always talk about slavery? (freedom) B: No, 9) A: Is your lather a teacher? ( a medical doctor) B: No, 10) A: Do you often go to Darende on business? (Gürün) B: No, 11) A: Do you want to sell your house? (my car) B: No, 12) A: Do your children like classical music? (pop music) B: No, 13) A: Is your father at home? (at work) B: No, 14) A: Does your father speak English well? (badly) B: No, 77 15) A: Do you drink coffee at the parties? (juice) B: No, 16) A: Is your brother engaged to Canan? (Jale) B: No, EXERCISE 59 THE PRESENT SIMPLE (SIMPLE SENTENCE) Answer the following questions in the "Affirmative" and "Negative". Example: Do you speak Russian very well? a. Yes, I

speak Russian very well b. No, I do not speak Russian very well 1) Do you always spend your summer holidays in Antalya? a. Yes, b. No, 2) Do you know how to make coffee? a. Yes, b. No, 3) Does money always bring happiness? a. Yes, b. No, 4) Does your father usually watch television at night? a. Yes, b. No, 5) Do your friends have a picnic on the island every Sunday? a. Yes, b. No, 6) 6. Does your English teacher always speak English in class? a. Yes, 78 b. No, 7) Do you cheat in the examination once in a while? a. Yes, b. No, 8) Do you usually help your mother in the kitchen? a. Yes, b. No, 9) Does the train always arrive at the station on time? a. Yes, b. No, 10) Does your older brother generally take you to the theatre on Saturdays? a. Yes, b. No, 11) Do I frequently ask you easy questions? a. Yes, b. No, 12) Does your father speak several foreign languages? a. Yes, b. No, 13) Do we always play tennis on Sunday mornings? a. Yes, b. No, 14) Does your mother gel up

early in the morning? a. Yes, b. No, 15) Does your sister wear very expensive clothes? a. Yes, b. No, 16) Do you always drink tea at breakfast? a. Yes, b. No, 17) Do the people in your village regularly go to mosque? a. Yes, b. No, 18) Do you always make mistakes in English? a. Yes, 79 b. No, 19) Does your teacher generally sit in the sun? a. Yes, b. No, 20) Do your parents always go for a walk in the country? a. Yes, b. No, 21) Does your teacher always tell you to practise your English? a. Yes, b. No, 22) Do people smoke cigarettes in the theatre in Turkey? a. Yes, b. No, 23) Do your parents live in Paris? a. Yes, b. No, 24) Does your father always come home after midnight? a. Yes, b. No, EXERCISE 60 THE PRESENT SIMPLE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION) Write questions for the answers beginning with the "Question Words" given. Example: A: Where does Abbas go every week? B: Abbas goes to the cinema every week. 1) A: How many. B: Melissa has got two sisters. 2) A: Who

. B: My brother doesn't play backgammon with me. 3) A: How often . B: My English teacher visits his parents twice a week. 80 4) A: How long . B: The students study English for two hours every day. 5) A: What time . B: Helen usually goes to bed at eleven o'clock. 6) A: How long . B: It takes my father three hours to go to work by bus. 7) A: Who . B: I am married to Jennifer. 8) A: What . B: The history exam starts at ten o'clock sharp. 9) A: What . B: My son is a medical doctor. 10) A: Where . B: Erzurum is in the east of Turkey. 11) A: How . B: My friends always go to school on foot. 12) A: How old . B: My brother is twenty five years old. 13) A: How . B: My daughter is very well, thank you. 14) A: How well . B: My father speaks Spanish very well. 15) A: How much . B: Matilda has got a lot of money in the bank. 16) A: With whom . B: Selma goes swimming with her father every day. 17) A: What kind . B: My sister always listens to classical music. 18) A: How. B: Sabrina

speaks French excellently. 19) A: How long. B: Rose waits until the teacher comes into the classroom. 20) A: Why. B: Miry likes playing chess because it is very exciting. 21) A: How many. B: Five people share this room. 81 22) A: Whose. B: My student's lather goes for a walk in the park. 23) A: What. B: September comes after August. 24) A: When. B: My father likes climbing mountains in the summer. 25) A: Where. B: Mandy and Nancy live in the centre of Istanbul. 26) A: What. B: My sister likes going to the cinema with Peter. 27) A: Who/whom. B: We visit our parents at weekends. 28) A: What. B: There are sheep behind the farm house. 29) A: Where. B: My father comes from Japan. 30) A: What. B: I am Turkish. 31) A: What. B: An accident happens on this junction ever)' clay. 32) A: Until when. B: Rose waits until the teacher stops talking. 33) A: When. B: The sky becomes dark after the sun sets. 34) A: What. B: Tulips grow in the Netherlands. 35) A: Where. B; The children go to

the circus every month. 36) A: How often. B: They go dancing every Saturday. 82 EXERCISE 61 THE PRESENT SIMPLE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION) Write questions for the bold typed words in the following sentences. Example: A: What time does Helen get up? B: Helen gets up at seven o'clock. 1) A: . B: Lillian arrives home at midnight. 2) A: . B: My sister teaches English to the medical students. 3) A: . B: My father walks to work because he doesn't have a car. 4) A: . B: My father is a hairdresser. 5) A: . B: No, he doesn't have breakfast at six o'clock. 6) A: . B: The student lives in the mountains. 7) A: . B: My father leaves work at five o'clock in the evening. 8) A: . B: We visit our uncle at weekends. 9) A: . B: Pamela speaks Polish very well. 10) A: . B: Lolita is from Paris. 11) A: . B: Oliver likes playing tennis with his English teacher. 12) A: . B: Mandy gets up early on Monday mornings. 13) A: . B: The book on the table is very interesting. 14) A: . B:

Matilda works in a bank in London. 15) A: . B: Yes, I go swimming on Sundays. 83 16) A: . B: I have eggs for breakfast. 17) A: . B: My sister goes to work by bus. 18) A: B: My brother works for the B.HC 19) A: B: I am fifteen years old. 20) A: B: The weather is very told today. 21) A: B: Yes, there is a television set in the living room. 22) A: B: Rose waits until the teacher stops talking. 23) A: B: My eyes are green. 24) A: B: There are three chairs in the garden. 25) A: B: I have a lot of money in my pocket. 26) A: B: William and Lucy play tennis in the evening. 27) A: B: I always go swimming in the morning. 28) A: B: There is a tree in the garden. 29) A: B: I am very well, thanks a lot. 30) A: B: The Vivaldi CD is five pounds. 31) A: B: There are sheep in the field. 32) A: B: The brown envelopes are two pounds. 33) A: B: Janet has a bicycle. 84 34) A: B: My sister has got many friends in Istanbul. 35) A: B: My parents go to the cinema on Saturday evenings. 36) A: B:

Melissa has got a lot of books in her house. 37) A: . B: An accident happens in front of the hospital every day. 38) A: . B: They go dancing every Saturday. 39) A: . B: The summer comes after the spring. 40) A: . B: The students go to Paris twice a year. 41) A:. B: Mary likes bungee jumping because it is very exciting. 42) A: . B: Lisa speaks three languages perfectly. 43) A: . B: My father is very fond of classical music. 44) A: . B: No, I am not married. 45) A:. B: Her name is Elizabeth Taylor. 46) A: . B: Five people live in my house. 47) A: . B: My English teacher speaks English fluently. 48) A: . B: My sister does her homework at home. 49) A: . B: My brother has lunch at midday. 50) A: . B: Silvia has got seven brothers. 51) A:. B: The teacher likes horror films. 85 52) A:. B: The children play football in front of the house. 53) A:. B: I always drink a glass of milk before midnight. 54) A: . B: Alison works for ten hours every day. 55) A: . B: Helen doesn't want to go to

the cinema with the teacher. EXERCISE 62 THE PRESENT SIMPLE (ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY) Answer the following questions putting the "Adverbials" in brackets in the right place. Example: Does she always speak English with her friends? (always) Yes, she always speaks English with her friends. No, she doesn’t always speak English with her friends. 1) A: Do you ever go to the circus? (never) B: No,. 2) A: Does your father ever work on Sundays? (usually) B: Yes,. 3) A: Does your sister ever play tennis on Saturdays? (sometimes) B: Yes,. 4) A: Do you ever go to the circus in Turkey? (seldom) B: No, ,. 5) A: Does your father ever go to mosque? (frequently) B: Yes, ,. 6) A: Do you ever go shopping in the morning? (once in a blue moon) 86 B: Yes,. 7) A: Does your father often go to the cinema? (rarely) B: No,. 8) A: Does your teacher often give you a piece of advice? (usually) B: Yes,. 9) A: Do you ever watch television at the weekend? (hardly ever) B: No,. 10) A: Is the weather

usually warm in May? (always) B: Yes,. 11) A: Is your father very careful about his money? (always) B: No,. 12) A: Do you always take your mother to the theatre? (sometimes) B: Yes,. 13) A: Does your sister ever forget to brush her teeth? (often) B: Yes,. 14) A: Do you often swim in the swimming pool? (generally) B: No,. 15) A: Are you nervous before you take an exam? (always) B: Yes,. 16) A: Are you usually suspicious of strangers? (always) B: No,. EXERCISE 63 THE PRESENT SIMPLE (ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY) Put the "Adverbials" in brackets in the proper positions in the sentences. Example: I speak English with my teacher, (always) I always speak English with my teacher I do not always speak English with my teacher. Do I always speak English with my teacher? 1) Maggie listens to classical music on the radio, (often) 2) Maggie does not listen to classical music on the radio, (often) 3) Does Maggie listen to classical music on the radio? (often) 87 4) My father tells me the

truth, (always) 5) 3. My father does not tell me the truth, (always) 6) Does my father tell me the truth? (always) 7) Our children get to school on time, (usually) 8) Our children do not get to school on time, (usually) 9) Do our children gel to school on time? (usually) 10) My mother takes sugar in her coffee, (generally) 11) My mother does not take sugar in her coffee, (generally) 12) Does my mother take sugar in her coffee? (generally) 13) Our English teacher helps the poor, (frequently) 14) Our English teacher does not help the poor, (frequently) 15) Does our English teacher help the poor (frequently) 16) My sister plays tennis on Saturdays, (sometimes) EXERCISE 64 THE PRESENT SIMPLE (COMPLEX SENTENCE) Answer the following questions in the "Affirmative" and "Negative". Example: Do you gel dressed as soon as you get up? a. Yes, I get dressed as soon as I get up 88 b. No, I do not get dressed as soon as I get up 1. Do you get up when the sun rises? a. Yes.

b. No. 2. Do you turn the lights on when it gets dark? a. Yes. b. No. 3. Does your mother buy a lot of chocolates if/when she has a lot of money? a. Yes. b. No. 4. Does your mother eat breakfast as soon as she gets up? a. Yes. b. No. 5. Do you understand the teacher when he speaks English quickly? a. Yes. b. No. 6. Does your mother sing while she does the housework? a. Yes. b. No. 7. Does your father drive fast when he is in a hurry? a. Yes. b. No. 89 8. Does your sister watch horror films on television before she goes to bed? a. Yes. b. No. 9. Do you sleep until the alarm clock rings? a. Yes. b. No. 10. Does your mother go on a diet when she gets fat? a. Yes. b. No. 11. Do people in Turkey pay attention to the traffic signs while they drive? a. Yes. b. No. 12. Do you always get seasick if/when you travel by ship? a. Yes, b. No, 13. Do your parents go swimming if/when the weather is sunny? a. Yes, b. No, 14. Do people in your country take off their shoes before they enter their

houses? a. Yes, b. No, 15. Do you always eat something after you get home from school? a. Yes, b. No, 16. Does your father always drink wine if/when he is not happy? a. Yes, b. No, 90 17. Do you always book a table before you go to a restaurant? a. Yes, b. No, 18. Does your mother get out of the room as soon as you start playing the piano? a. Yes, b. No, 19. Do your friends usually wash their hands before they have their meals? a. Yes, b. No, 20. Do your children play outside until they get tired? a. Yes, b. No, 21. Does your sister get up when the sun rises in the morning? a. Yes, b. No, 22. Do your friends always complain to the teacher when you make a noise? a. Yes, b. No, 23. Do you often look at the safety instructions when you travel in a plane? a. Yes, b. No, 24. Does your mother generally brush her teeth before she goes to bed? a. Yes, b. No, EXERCISE 65 THE PRESENT SIMPLE (COMPLEX SENTENCE) Answer the following sentences using the prompts on the list

below. * take a cold shower * buy a lot of clothes * stand up * go to bed * get dark * turn the lights on * go for a walk * go to (the) hospital * have a shower * drink a lot of wine * go to the cinema * go to the dentist * put on a lot of weight * go on a diet * play the piano * help the poor 91 Example: A: What does your father do if he does bodily exercises? B: My father takes a cold shower if he does bodily exercises. 1) A: What do you do when you are sleepy? B:. 2) A: What do the students do when the teacher enters the classroom? B:. 3) A: What does your brother do after he gets up in the morning? B:. 4) A: What do you do when it gets dark? B:. 5) A: What happens when the sun sets in the evening? B:. 6) A: What does your sister do when she has free time? B:. 7) A: What does your father do if he gets sick? B:. 8) A: What does your mother do when the sun shines? B:. 9) A: What does your sister always do when she is happy? B:. 10) What happens if you eat too

much? B:. 11) A: What do you do when you have terrible toothache? B:. 12) A: What does your father like to do when there is a party? B:. 13) A: What does your mother do if she gets fat? B:. 14) A: What do you do when you go to Paris? B:. 15) A: What do your parents do if they have a lot of money? B:. 92 EXERCISE 66 THE PRESENT SIMPLE (COMPLEX SENTENCE) Answer the following questions using the "Prompts" on the list below. * read funny books have a shower * smile * get dark * have a rest * change clothes * get nervous * eat something * turn the lights on * have a drink * get out of bed * put on a lot of weight * go to the cinema * go for a walk * go to the police station * go to hospital 1. A: What do you do when you are hungry? B:. 2. A: What does your mother do when she is tired? B:. 3. A: What do you do if / when you are pleased? B:. 4. A: What does your teacher do when she gets bored? B:. 5. A: What do you do when you wake up? B:. 6. A: What does your

sister do when she gets thirsty? B:. 7. A: What do your friends do when the weather is sunny? B:. 8. A: What happens when you eat too much? B:. 9. A: What do you do when it gets dark? B:. 10. A: What do you do as soon as you get up? B:. 11. A: What do you do when you come home from school? B:. 12. A: What happens when the sun sets? B:. 13. A: What does your mother do when she has free time? B:. 14. A: What does your father do when he gets sick? 93 B:. 15. A: What happens when you have an exam? B:. 16. A: What do you do when someone robs you of your money? EXERCISE 67 THE PRESENT SIMPLE (CONJUNCTIONS) Put the verbs in the following pair of sentences into "The Present Simple" and combine them with the "Conjunctions" in brackets. Example: Lisa (put on) her clothes. She (get up) in the morning, (when) Lisa puts on her clothes when she gets up in the morning. 1) Jane (not, understand) the reading passage. She (read) it twice, (until) 2) My teacher (get) angry with

me. I (leave) my books at home, (if) 3) It (get) dark. We (turn on) the lights (when) 4) I (always, play) tennis with her. I (start) doing my homework, (before) 5) Children (live) with their parents. They (get) married, (until) 6) I (get) dressed. I (finish) my work, (as soon as) 7) My father (smoke) a pipe. He (drive) his car (while) 8) We (throw) a stone into the sea. It (sink) to the bottom, (if) 9) They (spend) their time visiting the historical places. They (be) in France, (while) 10) She (take) a shower. She (play) tennis in the morning, (as soon as) 11) I always (take off) my shoes. I (enter) a mosque, (before) 12) My father (shout at) me. I (come) home after midnight, (whenever) 13) I (go) to the dentist, I (have) toothache (the moment) 14) Pamela (not, sleep) well. She (have) some problems, (when) 15) There (be) no danger in using this machine. You (stick) to the safety regulations, (as long as) 16) I (always, wear) a seat-belt. I(have) an accident, (in case) 94 EXERCISE

68 THE PRESENT SIMPLE Complete the following sentences in "The Present Simple", using "The Correct Forms of the Verbs" on the lists below. A. SHINE, HAVE, SPEAK, LIKE, SPEND, DRINK, SMOKE, GO, TAKE, WEAR 1. I always my dog for a walk in the park 2. I don't want this jacket because it is very old 3. Selda English very fluently 4. Who listening to pop music in your family? 5. The moon and the stars in the sky at night 6. How much coffee does your mother in a day? 7. Wendy breakfast at six o'clock in the morning 8. Who a pipe in your family? 9. Mr Brown neverdowntown by bus 10. They always their summer holidays in Antalya B. KNOW, RISE, STUDY, WATCH, DO, MAKE, HAVE, HELP, GET UP, BE 1. There a lot of people in the garden now 2. The students don't always their homework in the evening 3. The childrena picnic with their friends at the weekend 4. The rich lady always the poor 5. Does the sun always in the east? 6. My father doesn't everything

about the history of this city 7. My mother a lot of television at night 8. Natalie doesn't usually early on Sunday mornings 9. Nora English for two hours every night 95 10. Does Mary many pronunciation mistakes when she speaks English? C. PLAY, PAY, GET, KEEP, STRIKE, FEEL, BUY, DO, RAISE, BECOME 1. All the time my mother the dishes, I listen to the radio 2. You are happier as long as you away from your wife 3. The instant our music teacher his hand we start singing our national anthem 4. 1 backgammon with my friend till my father comes home 5. Diana attention to the traffic signs while she drives her car 6. While I travel in a plane, I always unrest 7. Every time we go out in our car, our little boy sick 8. As I get older, I more suspicious of strangers 9. I ring the bell as soon as the clock ten 10. If I go abroad, I always presents for my children EXERCISE 69 THE PRESENT SIMPLE Answer the following questions on your own. 1) What time do you get up every

morning? 2) Where do you live? 3) How many brothers and sisters have you got? 4) How often do you go to the cinema? 5) Who speaks English in your family? 6) Where do your parents spend their summer holidays every year? 7) What is the weather like today? 8) What do you do after you have lunch every day? 9) What time do you have breakfast in the morning? 10) Where does the Prime Minister of Turkey live? 11) What sort of books does your father read on his holidays? 12) What do you do before you go to bed every night? 13) How many continents are there on the Earth? 14) When does the sun rise? 15) How many times do you brush your teeth every day? 16) How long do you study English every day? 96 17) How many ears do you have? 18) How many people are there in your family? EXERCISE 70 THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS (ASKING FOR INFORMATION) Write questions for the bold typed words in the following sentences. Example: A: Who is looking at the beautiful girl? B: David is looking at the beautiful

girl. 1) A: . B: The children are watching a horror film on TV at the moment. 2) A: . B: We are visiting our English teacher at the hospital. 3) A: . 97 B: Selda is singing a Turkish song with her students now. 4) A: . B: My father is coming to Istanbul in the afternoon. 5) A: . B: Eileen's daughter is taking an English exam tomorrow morning. 6) A: . B: We are waiting for the bus at the bus-stop at the moment. 7) A: . B: My father is watching Rita Hayward's film on TV now. 8) A: . B: You are carrying two suitcases at present. 9) A: . B: Mandy is ironing the shirts at the moment. 10) A: . B: Yes, my mother is making a cake in the kitchen now. 11) A: . B: My aunt is knitting a pullover for Matilda. 12) A: . B: The soldiers are hiding in the forest 13) A: . B: The children are singing our national anthem beautifully. 14) A: . B: The girl is crying because her friends are making fun of her 15) A: 98 B: The tourist is speaking French with my father. 16) A: .: B: The boys

are cleaning my father's car at the moment. 17) A:. B: Elizabeth is going to the cinema with Matilda tonight. EXERCISE 72 THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS Put the "Verbs" in brackets into "The Present Simple or Continuous Tenses". Example: My sister (go) . to the cinema every week My sister goes to the cinema every week. Be quiet! The baby (sleep).in its cradle now Be quiet! The baby is sleeping in its cradle now. 1) Abbas (usually, study) . in the library on Saturdays 2) At present we (sit) . at the table and doing our homework 3) He (always, sing).while he (have)a bath 4) Children (live) .with their parents until they (get)married 5) The children (have) . a good time with their friends now 6) Dogs (bark). when they (get) hungry 7) Look! It (rain).again It (always, rain) when you clean your car. 8) I (think) . she (be)very happy 9) He (usually, smoke).a pipe, but he (smoke) a cigar now 10) He (usually, get) .up at seven, but this morning he (get) up at eight

o'clock 11) Listen! Somebody (sing) . a beautiful Spanish song 12) Listen! I (think). someone (knock) at the door. 13) Table tennis (become) . more and more popular these days 14) I (get).uncontrollable urges for junk food when I (watch) the television at home 15) My watch (generally, keep) .perfect time, but these days it (not, work) .properly 99 16) I (imagine) . that the teacher (speak) Italian very well. 17) For the time being we (stay) . at this hotel by the sea 18) Please go away! I (try) . to lull the baby to sleep 19) My brother (not, have) . a cold shower every morning 20) What kind of music (you love).I wonder? 21) (You/know) .who (come) to the party tonight? 22) My mother (always / take) . the dog for a walk after breakfast 23) (Your mother / think) . that smoking hubble-bubble (be) dangerous? 24) We (have) . a lot of friends in Istanbul 25) I (think) . that this book (be) very interesting 26) My sister (make) . a dress for herself these days 27) My sister

(usually, play).the piano until my father (get) angry 28) My father (work) . in the garden while we (lay) the table. 29) The referee (want) . the match because it (rain) now. 30) Your friendship (mean) . a great deal to me EXERCISE 73 THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the "Verbs" in brackets. Use "The Present Simple" or "The Present Continuous". Example : Linda . the woman standing over there, (know) Linda knows the woman standing over there. 1) I . problems with ray mobile-phone these days, (have) 2) Your pizza. 3) I. . the soup to see if it has enough sail in it (taste) 4) Mandy . 5) My friend . 6) He very delicious, (taste) . that Russian is very difficult, (think) . about what I said, (think) . his father more and more as the years goby, (resemble) 7) She . to be very busy at the moment, (appear) 8) The famous actor . at the Ritz next week, (appear) 100 9) This coffee.

10) Day by day I . bitter, (taste) . a lot of my French, (forget) 11) I don't hear anything, f think you 12) Jennifer . . things, (imagine) . a book in her hand now (have) 13) My father . 14) The hook . . a cold shower at the moment, (have) . around five dollars, (cost) 15) It . like Japanese music, (sound) 16) I. the roses to see if they 17) She . 18) Susan . . nice, (smell/smell) . that the operation will be successful, (believe) . the baby tonight while we are out (mind) 19) I am tired of working in an office. I . of changing my job (think) 20) This car . my uncle, (belong to) 21) My brother. 22) This book . 23) I. . a lot of Carol these days, (see) . all the information you need, (contain) . my lawyer tomorrow, (see) 24) He is very clever, but he. experience, (lack) 25) The grocer . 26) I. . . the apples on the scales at the moment, (weigh) . Helene very much, (love) 27) The bridge . . ten meters from one side to the

other, (measure) 28) Today, my father . the President of Turkey, (be) 29) That dress looks lovely; red really . you (suit) 30) The meal . wonderful tropical fruit, (consist of) 31) Nora. . a wonderful time at the party now (have) 32) The doctor. . my pulse now (feel) EXERCISE 74 THE PAST SIMPLE Complete the following sentences with the "Correct Forms of the Verbs" "BE" or "DO" as a "Main Verb" or "Ordinary Auxiliary Verb". AM DO WAS IS DOES WERE ARE DID WERE 101 1) A:.you go to the cinema last night? B: No, I. not go to the cinema last night, because I very ill 2) A:.your father in Paris last month? B: Yes, he . in Paris last month 3) A:.you going to the theatre tonight? B: No, I.not going to the theatre tonight 4) A:.your father in the habit of smoking a pipe now? B: No, he . not in the habit of smoking a pipe now 5) A:.you interested in photography when you young? B: Yes, I. interested in photography when

I young 6) A: What. the weather like today? B: I think it. very cloudy today 7) A:. your parents want to go sightseeing yesterday? B: No, they. not want to go sightseeing yesterday 8) A:. you very tired when you came back home? B: No, I. not very tired when I came back home 9) A:. your teachers take you to the zoo every spring? B: No, they. not take us to the zoo every spring 10) A: Who . the dishes in your family? B: My sister. the dishes in my family 11) A: What kind of music . you fond of? B: I. fond of classical music 12) A: Why . your father not write the report? B: He . not write the report because he very busy last night 13) A:. your teacher dancing with you now? B ; No, he .not dancing with me now, he dancing with Janet 14) A: What. your sister doing at the moment? B: She . not doing anything She just thinking 15) A:. I in front of the car or behind it? B: You . just in front of the car 16) A: How old . you when you came to Istanbul? B: I. ten years old when I came

to Istanbul EXERCISE 75 THE PAST SIMPLE (VERB: BE) 102 Answer the following questions in the "Affirmative" and "Negative". Example : Was your father here ten minutes ago? a. Yes, he was here ten minutes ago b. No, he was not here ten minutes ago Were your parents in London last year? a. Yes, they were in London last year b. No, they were not in London last year 1. Were you very busy last night? a. Yes, b. No, . . 2. Was your mother very happy in Cyprus? a. Yes, b. No, 3. Were your parents at the party the other day? a. Yes, b. No, 4. Were you interested in classical music five years ago? a. Yes, b. No 5. Was the weather very rainy yesterday? a. Yes, b. No, 6. Was your father married to your mother twenty years ago? a. Yes b. No, 7. Were you ill before you went to bed last night? a. Yes, b. No, 8. Was your father very happy when your little brother was born a. Yes, b. No, 9. Was 1 under the

control of the doctor when you were in Paris? a. Yes, b. No, 10. Were your children fond of swimming before they came to this school? 103 a. Yes, . b. No, EXERCISE 76 THE PAST SIMPLE (SIMPLE SENTENCE) Answer the following questions in the "Affirmative" and "Negative". Example: Did you go to the cinema last night? a. Yes, I went to the cinema last night b. No, I did not go to the cinema last night 1. Did you have breakfast this morning? A) B) 2. Did the baby drink all the milk last night? A) B) 3. Did your father wake up early this morning? A) B) 4. Did you spend all your money in

Paris last year? A) B) 5. Did the sunrise at seven o'clock this morning? A) B) 6. Did your father leave home at seven o'clock this morning? A) B) 7. Did your father sleep for ten hours last night? A) B) 8. Did you see the teacher in front of the school yesterday evening? A) B) 9. Did your father pay the electric bill at the end of the month? A)

104 B) 10. Did you meet many interesting people at the party last night? A) B) 11. Did your parents always fly with Turkish Airlines to Paris? A) B) 12. Did your sister always speak English in the class? A) B) 13. Did your friends make many grammatical mistakes in the class yesterday? A) B) 14. Did you eat an apple before breakfast this morning? A) B)

15. Did your sister wear her new dress to the party last week? A) B) 16. Did your children do their homework in the evening? A) B) 17. Did your teacher write a letter to your father? A) B) 18. Did the students get up late this morning? A) B) 19. Did the Turkish workers build this bridge many years ago? A) B) 20. Did your father

teach French to you? A) B) 105 21. Did the woman tell you the truth about the bank robbery? A) B) 22. Did the children sing Kalian songs at the party last night? A) B) 23. Did you always think of your family in Belgium? A) B) 24. Did your sister give him her telephone number the other day? A) B) EXERCISE 77 THE PAST SIMPLE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION) Write questions for the bold typed

words in the following sentences. Example: Where did you go last night? I went to the circus last night. 1. A: B: Susan bought four books when she was in Paris. 2. A: B: Melissa studied English last weekend because she had an exam. 3. A: B: My father spent all his money on books. 4. A: B: The students stayed at the hotel for three weeks. 5. A: B: The guests left the party after midnight. 6. A: B: The nurse gave Nora some medicine three hours ago. 7. A: B: I needed a passport-size photograph for my diploma. 106 8. A: B: They built a swimming pool in the back garden. 9. A: B: The sun rose at seven

o'clock this morning. 10. A: B: A terrible earthquake happened in Duzce on the twelfth of November in 1999. 11. A: B: Hakan Sükür played for Galatasaray for a long time. 12. A: B: My hair needed washing every two days. 13. A: B: Whitney Houston sang all the songs beautifully at the concert. 14. A: B: The author of the book spoke very carefully at the meeting. 15. A: B: My dog bit the girl in the garden two hours ago. 16. A: B: My mother was an English teacher many years ago. 17. A: B: The nurse gave the medicine to the patient every day. EXERCISE 78 THE PAST SIMPLE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION) Write

questions for the bold typed words in the following sentences. Example 1) A: How many times did the postman ring the bell? B: The postman rang the bell twice. A: B: My father always wore smart clothes to parties. 2) A: B: My daughter played the piano very well at the recital. 3) A: B: The weather was very cloudy yesterday. 4) A: B: Dilara thought that Betty spoke English very badly. 5) A: B: I look a cold shower when I got up this morning. 107 6) A: B: My father was very fond of watching horror films on TV 7) A: B: I found my book under the desk. 8) A: B: The man at the office sent this message to me. 9) A: B: Mary took Helen's son to school an hour ago. 10) : B: My father got up at six o'clock this morning. 11) A: B: The baby slept for nine hours last night. 12) A: B: I had breakfast with my father this morning. 13) A: B: Helen tidied her room before she left the house. 14) A: B: The students studied for the exam until midnight. 15) A: B:

My mother made a cup of coffee for my father. 16) A: B: Helga's mother played the piano at this party last night. 17) A: B: My parents went to the cinema on foot. 108 EXERCISE 79 THE PAST SIMPLE Complete the following sentences in "The Past Simple", using the correct forms of the "Verbs" on the list below. A. SEND, COME, DRINK, GO, STRIKE, GET, LOSE, HAVE, BITE, BREAKOUT 1) The poor man died because he. a lot of blood 2) The cat.all the milk in the kitchen last night 3) The dog.the boy and ran away 4) We.some flowers to our teacher the other day 5) When the war . we went to Spain as soon as possible 6) When it.dark, we went home in a hurry 7) We.our lunch before the train got to the station 8) I did my homework before my father.home from work 9) They.to the circus after they finished their work 10) Melinda got up when the clock.seven B.DO, PAY, SLEEP, RUN AFTER, STAND UP, WEAR, BUY, CRY, FLYAWAY, FALL DOWN 1) The baby was very

hungry and.all night long 2) My father .ten pounds for this book 3) He was very tired and.for nine hours last night 4) The cat climbed up the tree but the bird. 5) The policeman saw the thief and.him 6) The doctor sold his old car and .a new one 7) The teacher came into the room and the students. 8) Rita .a lot of homework before she went to bed 9) The little girl.and hurt her knee 10) Nermin.her new dress to the party last night C.TAKE, HAVE, SWIM, SPEND, EAT, DRINK, BE, DRAW, BREAK, SEND 1) 1. a lot of time walking by the river 2) The children .a good time at the party last night 3) We .in the sea when the weather was sunny 4) Melinda . two cheese sandwiches before she went to school 5) My sister .two glasses of water before she went to bed last night 109 6) We .an important message to the leader of the tribe the other day 7) I am sorry because I.her heart at the party last night 8) The teacher .a picture on the board half an hour ago 9) We .our

dog for a walk in the park this morning 10) We .in Gölcük when the earthquake took place EXERCISE 80 THE PAST SIMPLE (COMPLEX SENTENCE) Answer the following questions in the "Affirmative" and "Negative". Example: A: Were you very happy when you fell in love? B: a. Yes, I was very happy when I fell in love, b. No, I was not very happy when I fell in love 1. A: Were you in Istanbul when they offered you a job? B: a. Yes b. No, 2. A: Were your parents pleased when you passed the exam? B: a. Yes, b. No, . 3. A: Were you interested in classical music when you were ten years old? B: a. Yes, b. No, 4. A: Was your father generous before he got married? B: a. Yes, . b. No, . . 5. A: Was the Prime Minister in Ankara when thirty four soldiers lost their lives? B: a. Yes, b. No, . . . 6. A: Was your mother very tired before she laid the table? B: a. Yes, . b. No, 7. A: Were there three

teachers in the classroom when the exam started? B: a. Yes, b. No, 110 8. A: Was the train-at the station when you got there? B: a. Yes, b. No, . 9. A: Were the lights on when your father came home last night? B: a. Yes, b. No, 10. A: Were you dressed when the sun rose this morning? B: a. Yes, b. No, . 11. A: Was the beggar in agony before he died? B: a. Yes, b. No, . EXERCISE 81 THE PAST SIMPLE (CONJUNCTIONS) Combine the following pairs of sentences using the conjunctions "BEFORE" and "AFTER". Example: Mandy cleaned her room. She did her homework a. Mandy cleaned her room before she did her homework, b. After Mandy cleaned her room, she did her homework 1. I did my homework I went to bed A. B. 2. I asked some questions to the teacher The exam started A. B. 3. I took a cold shower I ran for ten miles A. B. 4. The meeting began We discussed this problem A. B. 5. The student cleaned the board

The teacher entered the classroom 111 A. B. 6. We put the fire out The firemen arrived A. B. 7. The referee blew his whistle The match began A. B. 8. Stella got dressed She got out of bed A. B. 9. Linda went to school by car She had her breakfast A. B. 10. The thief stole the money He ran away A. B. 11. Diana came home It started to rain A. B. EXERCICES 82 THE PAST SIMPLE Put the following sentences into "The Past Simple" making all the necessary changes. Example: My father always starts working before the sun rises. My father always started working before the sun rose. 1. I always say my grace before I start eating my meals 2. I take an aspirin when I have a headache 3. She thinks that the teacher speaks English very well 4. My parents get angry with me when I come home alter midnight 5. They don't watch the television when they have a lot of work to do 6. They go to the cinema when they are bored 7. When a fire breaks out, we call the fire brigade 8. Whenever

we have a party, I always play the piano 112 9. I do not sleep very well when I have some problems 10. Whenever I make a mistake, the teacher shouts at me 11. They tell me that they don't know the answer to the question 12. I am sorry that 1 can't come earlier 13. I know that Mary speaks Spanish fluently 14. It is strange that your mother doesn't know Turkish 15. What you say has nothing to do with the subject 16. It doesn't matter how much money she spends on her hooks 17. She speaks so quietly that I can't hear what she says EXERCISE 83 THE PAST SIMPLE Rewrite the following sentences using "The Past Simple" instead of the "Full Infinitive". Example: It is time for me to have breakfast. It is time I had breakfast. 1) It is time for you to run to the station if you really want to catch your train. 2) It is time for me to go to bed. 113 3) It is time for us to go to the cinema. 4) It is about time for us to get to work. 5)

It is high time for me to have my car repaired. 6) It is high time for the authorities to put an end to this injustice in the country. 7) It is high time you get a haircut. 8) It is time for the students to start learning English. 9) It is time for you to get married to that good-tempered girl. 10) It is high time for the Parliament to pass the long expected law against terrorism. 11) It is about time for your sister to change her behaviour considerably. 12) It is high time for the people to take drastic measures against forest fires in Turkey. 13) It is high time for the author to write a new novel on this subject. 14) It is time for me to have my blood pressure taken. 15) It is high time for our neighbours to train their dogs. 16) It is time for my sister to give up smoking. 17) It is about time for the Prime Minister to bring inflation under control. 114 EXERCISE 84 THE PAST SIMPLE (PREFERENCE) Rewrite the following sentences using the structure below to express

personal preferences in the Present and Future. I WOULD RATHER Example : + DIFFERENT SUBJECT + THE PAST SIMPLE I would prefer you to save more money. I would rather you saved more money I would prefer him not to smoke. I would rather he didn't smoke 1. I would prefer you to take life more seriously I would rather. 2. I would prefer Kate not to wear blue jeans all the time I would rather. 3. 1 would prefer Frank not to buy so many presents I would rather . . 4. I would prefer Müge to stop spending so much money on clothes I would rather . 5. 1 would prefer you not to call me sugar 1 would rather. 6. 1 would prefer Claudia to do her homework regularly I would rather . . 7. I would prefer Jane to come here tomorrow I would rather. 8. I would prefer Matilda to meet me at the hotel I would rather. . 9. I would prefer you not to wear that dress to the party I would rather . 10. I would prefer our English teacher

not to work on Sundays 1 would rather . 11. I would prefer Rose not to criticize her friends so often I would rather . . 12. I would prefer Wendy not to drive so fast through the streets of the city I would rather . 13. I would prefer Paul not to tell her the truth I would rather . 14. I would prefer Julia not to speak to her father like that I would rather . 15. T would prefer my neighbour not to play the piano early in the morning I would rather . 115 . EXERCISE 85 THE PAST SIMPLE (USED TO) Answer the following questions in the "Affirmative" and "Negative" USED TO Example: + INFINITIVE WITHOUT "TO" Did you use to bite your nails when you were young? a. Yes, I used to bite my nails when I was young b. No, I didn't use to bite my nails when I was young 1. Did your son use to suck his thumb when he was three years old? a. b. 2. Did you use to be very naughty when you were a little child? a. b. 3. Did your sister

use to cry a lot when she was a baby? a. b. 4. Did you use to be shy when you were at school? a. b. 5. Did you use to collect stamps when you were in Paris? a. b. 6. Did your father use to wear very expensive clothes before he got married? a. b. 7. Did there use to be so many students in the class last year? a. b. 8. Did you use to go to the cinema with your parents before you left home? a. 116 b. 9. Did your mother use to be a teacher before you were born? a. b. 10. Did your mother use to be very fat when she was young? a. b. EXERCISE 86 THE PAST SIMPLE (ANSWERING QUESTIONS) Answer the following questions on your own. 1) How old were you when you started school? 2) How long ago did you see the President of Turkey? 3) What time did the sun rise this morning? 4) When did the Second World War break out? 5) When did you last go swimming? 6) When was your father born? 7) How long did you sleep last night? 8) Where did you spend your summer

holidays last year? 9) How long did the First World War last? 10) How much money did you spend when you were on holiday? 11) How many people spent the nigh tin the tents last night? 12) What did you do when you woke up this morning? 13) Who took you to the cinema last week? 14) What sort of film did your parents watch on TV last night? 15) Who came to Istanbul when the Marmara earthquake took place? 16) What time did your parents have breakfast this morning? 17) How did you go to the cinema last night? 18) Whose bicycle did you borrow yesterday? 117 EXERCISE 87 THE PAST CONTINUOUS (COMPLEX SENTENCE) Answer the following questions in the "Affirmative" and "Negative". Example: Were you listening to the radio when I came in? a. Yes, I was listening to the radio when you came in b. No, I was not listening to the radio when you came in 1) Were you helping your mother in the kitchen when the lights went out? a. Yes, b. No, 2) Was the man standing by the side of

the road when the accident happened? a. Yes, b. No, 3) Were the men talking about the accident when you got there? a. Yes, b. No, 4) Was your brother studying politics when he was in Paris? a. Yes, b. No, 118 5) Was your girlfriend behaving very strangely when she was at the party last night? a. Yes, b. No, 6) Were many people living in luxury when there was an economic crisis in Turkey? a. Yes, b. No, 7) Were the police looking for the escaped prisoner when you were there? a. Yes, b. No, 8) Were your friends always criticizing you when you were talking about foreign policy? a. Yes, b. No, 9) Was your sister doing the dishes when you woke up this morning? a. Yes, b. No, 10) Was your brother playing the piano while you were dancing with your girlfriend? a. Yes, b. No, 11) Was your father driving very fast when a traffic policeman stopped him last night? a. Yes, b. No, EXERCISE 88 THE PAST CONTINUOUS Complete the sentences in "The Past Simple" or "The Past

Continuous" using the correct forms of the "verbs" on the list below: A. STAND, BE, SLEEP, GET, DO, LOSE, FAIL, RIDE, MEET, COOK 1) I very badly last night. 2) Harry out of bed the other night when his wife got sick. 3) While he was chatting on the phone, he his homework. 4) Melissa fish when I first asked her to marry me. 5) I was so amazed by what I heard that I there speechless. 6) I a bicycle when I had an accident. 7) I could play the guitar when I ten. 119 8) As I was going home, I an old friend of mine. 9) Orhan his job because of his honesty. 10) He was a great disappointment for Helen when she to get into university. B.STUDY, TAKE, LEAVE, TALK, RECOGNIZE, TELL, COME, FEEL, RISE, PULL DOWN 1) They the old houses when I was there. 2) Mary very nervous

before she took the exam. 3) The doctor the patient that drinking tea every day wouldn't do him any harm. 4) The doorbell rang while I on the phone. 5) We in the library when the fire alarm went off. 6) The sun behind the mountains when the baby was born. 7) The students a good time when I saw them at the party. 8) The idea to me while I was driving to work this morning. 9) I his face, but I didn't remember his name. 10) I an aspirin when I developed a terrible headache. C.HAVE, DROP, SPEND, BLOW, BREAK DOWN, LIVE, RUN, HAPPEN, ARRIVE, BREAK IN 1) He in London when the war started. 2) My car while I was going to the supermarket. 3) The wind hard when I went out this morning. 4) The man his suitcase when he was walking on the pavement. 5) We our vacations in the

mountains last year. 6) I was watching the TV when the burglar our house. 7) I to the phone after the accident happened. 8) The taxi while I was having breakfast with my wife. 9) The students were waiting at the bus-stop when the accident I couldn't answer the phone because I a shower. EXERCISE 89 THE PAST CONTINUOUS (ASKING FOR INFORMATION) Write questions for the bold typed words in the following sentences, : A: What was Gloria lolling the little girl? B: Gloria was telling the little girl a lovely story. 1. A: 120 B; Melissa was sleeping on the sofa at nine o'clock A: B; The teacher was explaining the subject to the students an hour ago 3. A: B: My mother was making a cake when the lights went out. 4. A: B: The police were taking Gila to (the) hospital when we arrived there. 5- A; B: Rebecca was driving slowly when the accident look place 6. A; R: My father was working in the

garden when a storm broke out. A: B: The students were studying in the library when the clock struck ten. 8. A: B: Yes, Helena was listening to the news at seven o'clock this morning. 9. A: B: Rose was playing the guitar outside the house when it suited to rain. 10. A; B; the sun was shining brightly when I woke up this morning. 11. A: B: Eileen was reading an exciting story when someone knocked at the door. 12. A: B: Natalie was asking the teacher a lot of difficult questions. 13. A: B: 1 paid the bill while Lisa was dancing with that man. 14. A; B: The students were doing their homework when 1 entered the classroom. 15. A: B: Linda was crying because she didn't know the answer to the question. 16. A: B: I got wet while I was waiting for the bus. 17. A: B: An accident happened while I was crossing the road 121 EXERCISE 90 THE PAST CONTINUOUS (CONJUNCTIONS) Combine the following pairs of sentences with the conjunctions "WHEN" or "WHILE" using

"The Past Simple" or "The Past Continuous". Example: I (hear) a strange noise. I (read) the newspaper a. I was reading the newspaper when I heard a strange noise b I heard a strange noise while I was reading the newspaper. 1. I (eat) my breakfast I (receive) a phone call a. . b. . 2. I (see) an accident I (drive) home from work a. . . b. . 3- The students (quarrel) with each other. The teacher (enter) the room a. . . b. . . 4. Sandra (walk) along the street She (run into) an old friend of hers a. b. 5. My sister (take) a walk in the park She (lose) her wallet a. b. 6. The girl (jump off) the bus It (move) very fast along the street a. . b. . 7. I (play) cards with my friends My father (come) home a. b. . . 8. Susan (play) in the garden It (start) to rain a. . b. 9. My sister (live) in Paris The

Second World War (break oul) in 1939 122 . a. . b. . 10. The inspector (open) the door The teacher (do) English with the students a. b. 11. The accident (happen) The children (play) hide and seek in the garden a. b. EXERCISE 91 THE PAST CONTINUOUS Put the "verbs" in brackets either into "The Past Simple" or "The Past Continuous". Example: I (have). breakfast when the phone (ring) I was having breakfast when the phone rang. 1) I (slip).on the ice while I (cross)the street 2) Carol (talk) . on the phone when I (wake up)this morning. 3) My father (have) . a bath while we (play) backgammon. 4) It (begin). to rain while the children (have) a party 5) As I (walk). home, 1 (meet) a tourist 6) Janet. (go) to school by bus, because it (rain) hard. 7) I. (drink) a glass of milk before I (go) to bed 8) Laura. (play) the piano when we (enter) the room 9) After the accident, the driver of the bus (get out) . .

of the bus and (run away) 10) When Alice (see) .me, she (stop)the car to have a chat with me. 11) He (sit) . in a cafe when I (see) him 12) When I (be). a student, I (play) the guitar in the streets to earn money for my education. 13) My father (live). in Samsun when the Second World War (break out) in 123 1939. 14) While I (watch). the 7 o'clock news, the lights (go out) . 15) What (happen). while Nermin (walk) in the park last night? 16) Who (come). . into the room while you (listen to) the radio last night? 17) Everyone (wait for). the singer when they (hear) the news 18) While he (water) . the flowers, it (start) . to rain 19) Just as I (write). a cheque, I(remember) that I had nothing in the bank. 20) Who (drive) . the car when the accident (happen)? 21) While I (walk) . to the library, I (find) . a gold ring 22) I (not, know) . that you (live) in London when I (be) there. 23) I wish I (be). in Paris now 24) It is time you (leave) . the party now if

you really want to catch the train 25) Mine speaks Turkish as if she (be). a Turkish citizen 26) While Sonya (be). busy in the kitchen, the children (lay) . the table. 27) My father's fever (drop). . after he (take) the medicine 28) Who (take) . care of you while you (be) ill? 29) If I (have). a lot of money, I would go to Turkey 30) As the man (approach). the house he (notice) that the chimney (be) on fire. EXERCISE 92 THE PAST CONTINUOUS (COMPLEX SENTENCE) Complete the following sentences using "The Past simple'1 or "The Past Continuous". 1) He broke his leg while . . 2) She met her husband when. . 3) When the phone rang, . . 124 . . . . . 4) When the accident happened,. 5) It was raining cats and dogs while . 6) We were playing backgammon when . 7) While I was studying English . 8) When it began to rain,. 9) I was laughing when. 10) When the sun rose, . .

. . . . . 11) While we were travelling in France,. . 12) As Lora was running down the street, . 13) Until she recovered from her illness, . . . . . . . . . 14) Before my parents came to Istanbul, . . 15) After 1 finished the English course, . 16) While we were approaching the village,. . . 17) While we were in London, . . . 18) Until the train arrived at the station,. 19) As soon as it got dark, . . . . 20) The moment 1 saw that beautiful girl,. 21) I apologized to her because . . . . . 22) Before I went to bed last night, . 23) As we were dancing by the candle-light, . . . . 24) I was working there as a teacher when . 25) The instant I broke her heart,. . 26) My father smoked a cigarette before . . . . . 27) We were talking loudly in the library when. . . 28) The prisoner ran away as soon as . . 29) Just as I was leaving the house, . 30)

I didn't go to school yesterday because . . . 125 . EXERCISE 93 THE FUTURE SIMPLE (VERB: BE) Answer the following questions in the "Affirmative" and "Negative”. Example: Will you be in London on Saturday? a. Yes, I will be in London on Saturday b. No, I will not be in London on Saturday 1) Will you be happy when you get married to that girl? a. Yes, b. No, 2) Will you be sorry if you lose all your money in gambling? a. Yes, b. No, 3) Will your parents be the members of this club in the future? a. Yes, b. No, 4) 4. Will your father be rich if he finds a job in the Netherlands? a. Yes, b. No, 5) Will there be many doctors at the reception tomorrow? a. Yes, b. No, 6) Will you always be my friend if 1 get married to another girl? a. Yes, b. No, 7) Will there be a famine in the country if it we don't have enough rain? a. Yes, b. No, 8) Will the weather be very windy tomorrow morning? a. Yes, b. No, 9)

Will all your teachers be at school on Saturday? a. Yes, b. No, 126 10) Will you be interested in photography if you leave your job? a. Yes, b No, 11) Will all the tourists be at the airport tonight? a. Yes, b. No, EXERCISE 94 THE FUTURE SIMPLE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION) Write questions for the bold typed words in the following sentences. Example: A: Where will you live? B: I will probably live on the island of Heybeliada. 1. A: . . . . ? B: Lolita will be a very good swimmer in the future. 2. A:- ? B: I will speak with George about this matter later on. 3. A: . .? B: Tony will give me his telephone number in the afternoon. 4. A: . . . .? B: The train will arrive at the station at ten o'clock. 5. A: . . ? B: 1 will wait in front, of the cinema until my friends come. 6. A: . .? B: They will not go to the circus because they don't have any money. 7. A: . . ? B: Helen will go to the cinema as soon as she

finishes her homework. 8. A . . .? B: I will accompany the lady while she is singing. 9. A: . . . ? B: There will be twenty soldiers in the castle tomorrow. 10. A: . ? B: There will be a quarrel between the two families. 11. A: . . B: No, she won't get up at seven o'clock tomorrow morning. 127 .7 12. A: . . . . . ? B: As soon as I find enough money, I will buy that house. 13. A: ? B: We will visit the Topkapi Palace when we go to Istanbul. 14. A: . . . . ? B: We will have a lot of time to play tennis in the afternoon. 15. A: ? B: Stella will do the exercises very carefully. 16. A: ? B: The journey from Ankara to Istanbul will take two hours in the future. 17. A: ? B: The network will extend from Edirne to Ardahan. EXERCISE 95 THE FUTURE SIMPLE Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Present Simple" or "The Future Simple". Example: We (eat) . dinner as soon

as my father (come) home We will eat dinner as soon as my father comes home. 1) If it (rain). . tomorrow, I (stay) at home 2) They (finish) .the job after we (give) them the money 3) We (wait). here until she (make) . a phone call 4) When the children (get) . here, they (be) hungry 5) If you (give) . me the letter, 1 (take) it to the post 6) I (go) . there when 1 (feel) „ a bit better 7) I (give) . him your message as a soon as I (see) him. 8) I (call for) . an ambulance if your friend (get) an electric shock 9) We (have) . lunch before the train (get to) . Paris 10) She (have) . a cup of tea before she (go) to school 11) The race (start) . as soon as I (drop) my handkerchief 12) I (never, go) . to that restaurant as long as I (live) 13) Once/when we (arrive) . 14) When he (come back) . .here . home, we (have) dinner . I (tell) him what we will do 15) We (not, start). the meeting until everybody (arrive) 16) If she (find) . a better

job, 1 (think) that she (leave) Istanbul for Paris 128 17) I (paint). the kitchen if I (have) . some free time 18) I (not, forgive). him until he (apologize) to me 19) By the time we (come back) . from our holiday, they (get) married 20) When 1 (go).home after work, I (take) a rest for 3 while 21) Dinner (be over). . by the time they (come) home 22) If I (earn) . enough money, I (buy) a car for you 23) I am sure that the shop (be).closed by the time you (get) there 24) He (not, take). the job unless we (offer) him a higher salary 25) You (stay). here until it (stop) raining 26) I (be). sure that you (like) your new teacher 27) I(give). you everything as long as you (remain) loyal to me 28) The moment the film (finish) . , we (leave) the cinema 29) I (phone). him as soon as I (finish) . my job 30) 1 (never, speak). to her as long as 1 (stay) in London EXERCISE 96 THE FUTURE SIMPLE Answer the following questions using the necessary

"Conjunctions" and the "Prompts" on the list below. * I work in a bank. Example: * She watches television. * The bull goes away. * They play football. * I find a better job. * The train passes. * He takes me to the cinema. * 1 have breakfast. * School is over. * 1 get married. * I join the navy. * I go to the United States. * I buy a villa. A: What will you do when you graduate from this school? B: I will work in a bank when I graduate from this school. 1. A: Where will you go when you finish this course? B: . 2. A: What will you do if you win a lot of money in the lottery? 129 B: . 3. A: What will you do if you cannot find a job in Istanbul? B: . 4. A: How long will you stay in Istanbul? B: . 5. A: What will your mother do after she has dinner? B:. 6. A: What will you do if you become rich? B: . 7. A: What will the students do as soon as they get out of the school? B: . 8. A: What will your father do when he comes home?

B: . . 9. A: When will your classmates go for their summer holiday? B: . 10. A: When will you go for a walk? B: . 11. A: How long will you stay up in this tree? B: . 12. A: How long will the gates remain closed? B: . EXERCISE 97 THE FUTURE SIMPLE/BE GOING TO Complete the following sentences with "shall / will" or "be going to" future form. 1. A: I think the house is on fire B: I.phone the fire brigade right away 2. A: Have you bought a present for Patricia? B: Yes, I have. I give her a gold watch 3. A: Wendy, I love you very much Will you marry me? 130 B; No, David. I am sorry I marry Michael Jackson 4. A: How do you use this? B: That's easy. I show you 5. A: This room is very cold I am freezing B: Don't worry! I. close the windows immediately 6. A: How are you feeling? B: I am not feeling very well. 1 think 1 be sick 7. A: Do you want to buy this dress or that one? B: I. have this one 8. A: Have you decided what to

study at university? B: Yes, I have. I study Chemistry 9. A: we have a picnic on the island tomorrow? B: Yes, that's a good idea. I make some sandwiches 10. A: I am freezing B: Put on your coat or you. catch a cold 11. A: we invite Sandra to the party? B: That's a good idea. It be nice if she comes 12. A: Have you made an appointment with the dentist? B: Yes, I have. I see the dentist on Friday 13. A: That parcel looks very heavy B: Don't worry! I.take it to the post office for you 14. A: The teacher has got a piece of chalk in his hand B: Yes, I know. He write something on the board 15. A: Can you give Molly a message from me? B: Certainly, I. see her at the meeting this evening 16. A: I am very tired, mother I cannot walk any further B: All right, I. take you home by car 17. A: Dad, will you please lend me your car on Saturday? B: I'm sorry, I. see that new film at the Odeon use it on Saturday 18. A: Are you out of work? B: Yes, I am. I apply for a job at the

local hospital I have been thinking about it for ages 19. A: The house is very dirty B: 1 know. I clean it this afternoon 20. A: How do you feel? B: I feel a bit dizzy. I think I faint 21. A: It is Annette's birthday on Saturday 131 B: Really, thanks. I buy her a present now 22. A: What is the mailer with you? B: I have a pain in my leg. I see the doctor on Monday 23. A: I buy you a hamburger? B: No, thank you. I eat a sandwich 24. A: What have you bought? B: I have bought some bricks. I . build a green-house 25. A: The phone is ringing I answer it for you? B: Don't worry! I. answer it right now 26. A: Look at those clouds! The sky is very dark I think it rain prelly soon B: If so, . we go to the cinema? 27. A: What you have for lunch, sir? B: I. have two cheeseburgers 28. A: Why do you have an eraser in your hand? B: I . clean the-board before the teacher comes 29. A: Where you go next week? B: I. go to China If I can go there, I

see many strange things 30. A: We don't know what to do we go to Antalya or Bodrum? B: If I were you, I would go to Bodrum. 31. A: What is your plan for tomorrow? B: [. study for my exam all day long tomorrow 32. A: Mr Swan work somewhere else He has resigned Do you know who. be the new teacher next term? B: Yes, I know. Mr Jefferson teach the same courses as Mr Swan did 33. A: I have done absolutely no work for my exam tomorrow B: Then you fail in the exam. 34. A: I have mixed up all kinds of drinks B: If so, you . be sick 35. A: There is no bread in the house B: All right, I. buy a loaf of bread right now 132 EXERCISE 98 THE FUTURE SIMPLE (CONJUNCTIONS) Combine the halves of the Following sentences by writing them. Put the corresponding letters in brackets 1) ( ) -We will go for a swim 2) ( ) -The plane will take off 3) ( ) -We will stay at a hotel 4) ( ) - We will have lunch. 5) ( ) -I will always be under your service 6) ( )-We will always

remember Atatürk 7) ( ) -Medusa will sing the songs 8) ( ) - We will go dancing 9) ( ) -I will drink a glass of hot milk 10) ( ) - I will give you the money 11) ( } - You will forget me 12) ( )-I will stay in bed 13) ( ) -We will gel married 14) ( )- I will wait for you in "he car 15) ( }-There will be a dance on the ship a. if the ship slops rolling and pitching. b. until I recover from my illness, c. while we are on holidays in Paris. d. as I play the piano. e. as long as you need me. f. as soon as my (artier comes home from work. g. while you are at the meeting. h. as soon as you tell me the truth. i. before I go to bed. j. if you look after the children. k. as long as we live on this planet. l. as won as we have enough money 133 m. before we get to the airport n. by the time we arrive in Samsun. o. the moment you leave Istanbul for Paris. EXERCISE 99 THE PRESENT PERFFECT SIMPLE (VERB: BE) Answer the following questions in

the "Affirmative" and "Negative". Example: Has he been in prison for long? a. Yes, he has been in prison for a long time b. No, he has not been in prison for long/for a long time 1. Have you been in Turkey since you were born? a. - b. 2. Has your father always been on friendly terms with his boss? a. . b. 3. Have your parents been to Paris before? a. b. 4. Has the weather been rainy since last week? a. b. 5. Have your friends been at school since morning? a. b. 6. Have you been married to Lara since you left school? a. b. 7. Have your teachers always been nice to the students? a. 134 b. . 8. Has there been a postal strike since last week? a. b. 9. Has your father been in love with your mother since they saw each other? a. . b. 10. Have you been interested in doing bungee jumping ever since you came here? a. b. . . 11.

Has the Prime Minister been in contact with the Intelligence Service? a. b. EXERCISE 101 THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Present Perfect Simple" or "The Past Simple". Example : A: Have you ever caught a fish? (catch) B: Yes, I have. A: Oh, really! When did you catch it? B: I caught t two months ago. 1. A: . you the teacher? (see) B: Yes, I have. A: Oh, really! When . you him? B: I. him when I was at the party 2. A: you ever a song in the street? (sing) B: Yes, I have. A: Oh, really! When . you it in the street? B: 1 . it in the street when I went to the carnival last year 3. A: you to her yet? (speak) B: Yes. I have A: Oh, really! When. you to her? B: I. to her only half an hour ago 4. A: your father ever in a river? (swim) B: Yes, he has. 135 A: Oh, really! When. he ? B: He . in a river when he was in Turkey 5. A: your sister ever a hat? (wear) B: Yes, she has. A: Oh,

really! When . she il? B: She. il when she was engaged to Roger 6. A: your children all their money? (spend) B: Yes, they have. A: Oh, really! When. they it? B: They. it before they came here 7. A: you your medicine? (take) B: Yes, I have. A: Wonderful! When. you it? B: I. it after 1 had breakfast this morning 8. A; the teacher the report? (write) B: Yes, she has. A: Perfect! When . she it? B: She . it before the students arrived EXERCISE 102 THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE Answer the following questions in "The Present Perfect Simple" using the words in brackets. Example : A: Why don't you read the newspaper? (Already) B: I have already read it. 1. A: Are you going to post the letters? (just) B:. 2. A: Have you ever read 'War and Peace'? (never) B:. 3. A: Have you finished your homework (yet) B:. 4. A: How many books have you written? (so far) B:. 3. A: How long have you lived in Istanbul? (for) 136 B:. 6. A: Are you going to explain the

subject? (already) B:. 1. A: How long has your father lived here? (since) B:. 8. A: Are you in love? (never / before) B:. 9.A;Why don’t you fly this helicopter?(never / before) B:. 10. A: Shall I make you a sandwich? (just) B:. 11A: Will you return the books to the library? (already) B:. 12.A: Would you like la eat dinner with me? (just) B:. 13.A: Are you going to give the dog his lunch? (already) B:. 14. A: Have you sold your car? (yet) B:. 15. A: When are you going to tidy your room? (already) B:. 16. A: Why don't you watch that film on (the) TV? (before) B:. 1 7 . A: How many letters have you written? (up to now) B:. EXERCISE 103 THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE Write questions using the words in brackets. Use the Superlative forms of "Adjectives" and "The Present Perfect Simple". Answer the questions Example: (high/ mountain / see) A: .What is the highest mountain (that) you have ever seen? B: Mount Ararat is the highest mountain (that) I have ever seen. 1.

(long / river / see) 137 A:. B: 2. (high/mountain/climb) A:. B: 3. (beautiful/city/live in) A:. B: 4. (hot / place / be) A:. B: 5. (dangerous/place/be) A:. B: 6. (interesting / book / read) A:. B: 7. (difficult/language/study) A:. B: 8. (expensive / thing / buy) A:. B: 9. (charming / girl / meet) A:. B: 10. (funny / person / see / on television) A:. B: 11. (tall / tree / climb) A:. B: EXERCISE 104 THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE 138 Rewrite the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence before it. Use the alternative form with "FOR" or "SINCE". Example: we have not had fish for a long time. It is a long time since we had fish It has been a long time since we had fish. It is five years since we last swam in the river We have not swum in the river for five years. 1. It is a long time since we played tennis We. 2. We have not heard from her for a long time It. 3. It is a long time since we had a party We. 4. My father has

not written to me for a long time It. 5. It is ages since her boyfriend took her out Her boyfriend. 6. My wife has not rung me up at the office for ages It . 7. It is years since he did any useful work He. 8. You have not bought me anything for ages It. 9. II is six months since they paid us a visit They . 10. I have not been to the United States of America for a long time It. 11. It is ten hours since I ate something I. 12. We have not had any rain for three months It. 13. U is a long time since we last studied English We. 14. I last met Helen five weeks ago It . 15. It is a long time since we last played hide and seek in the garden 139 We. EXERCISE 105 THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE Complete the following sentences with the Superlative forms of the "Adjectives" in brackets, using "The Present Perfect Simple" with "EVER". Example: A: What do you think of Carol? B: I think Carol is (beautiful). girl I (ever, see) I think Carol is the most beautiful

girl I have ever seen. 1. A: What do you think of this cake? B: I think that is (delicious). cake I (ever, taste) 2. A: What do you think of this car? B: I think this is (fast) . car I (ever, drive) 3. A: What do you think of the problem Mary has solved? B: I think it is (difficult) . problem Mar)'(ever, solve) 4. A: Have you got any idea about this bicycle? B: This is (good) . bicycle I (ever, have) . in my life 5. A: What do you know about this woman? B: I think Eliza is (intelligent) . woman I (ever, meet) 6. A: What do you think about my remark? B: I think that is (nice). thing you (ever, say) to me 7. A: What do you think about this poem? B: I think this is (lovely). poem our teacher (ever, read) . . 8. A: What do you think about this spring? B: I think this is (bad) .spring we (ever, have) for years 9. A: Do you know anything about this horse? B: I think this is (slow). horse I (ever, ride on) in my life 10. A: What do you think of

Helen? B: Helen is (fat) . girl I (ever, dance) with 11. A: What do you know about Istanbul? B: Istanbul is (crowded) . city we (ever, be to) in Turkey 12. A: What do you think of my question? B: Well, I think that is (silly) . . question you (ever, ask) 13. A: How did you spend your holiday? 140 . me B: That was (splendid). holiday we (ever, have) 14. A: What do you think about me? B: Frankly speaking, you are (annoying). person I (ever, meet) EXERCISE 106 THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE Write questions using "HOW LONG", "HOW MANY" in "The Present Perfect Simple" Example: A: My father is a medical doctor. B: Oh, really! How long has your father been a medical doctor? Oh, really! How many years has your father been a medical doctor? 1. A: What a pity that my sister smokes cigarettes B: Oh, really! . ? 2. A: My brother works for the Daily Telegraph B: Oh, really! . ? 3. A: My son attends an English course in London B: How

surprising! . ? 4. A: My brother-in-law is in hospital B: Sorry to hear that! . ? 5. A: Melissa is in love with Peter B: How wonderful! . ? 6. A: I know the new teacher B: Oh, really! . ? 7. A: The teacher keeps her temper under control B: I didn't know that. ? 8. A: We are in the dining room B: Oh, really! . ? 9. A: The children are swimming in the swimming pool B: Isn’t that strange! . ? 10. A: My parents live in Athens B: Oh, really! .? 141 11. A: I am in a dream world B: How lovely! . ? 12. A: I have a terrible headache B: How depressing it is! .? 13. A: My daughter is married to a football player B: Oh, really! . ? 14. A: My brother is unemployed B: Sorry to hear that! . ? 15. A: My husband is very much interested in politics B: Lovely! . ? 16. A: Catherine teaches English in a high school B: Oh, really! .? EXERCISE 107 THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Present Perfect" or "The Past Simple" using

"FOR", "SINCE" or "AGO". Example: He (work) . in this factory he (leave) school He has worked in this factory since he left school. 1. Lucy (be) asleep about eleven hours 2. 1 (live) here January 3. They (not, eat) meat . they (see) that film about farm animals 4. My lather (be) married twenty years now 5. She (have) her car . she (become) a doctor 6. I (study) English three years I (come) 7. She (become) more aggressive . here . she (enter) . politics. 8. I (know) Eleanor five years she (start) this school 9. I (not, play) tennis I (break) my kg 10. I (get)married forty years My husband and I (live) happily together then 11. My father (leave) home ten years and he (not, write) to us then 12. His appearance (improve) considerably . he (grow) his moustache 13. I (see) my English teacher half an hour 14. I (live)in Italy six months in 1998, but I (not, be) there then 142

15. He is the greatest boxer I (ever, know) 16. I (teach) English three years when I (be) in Saudi Arabia 17. Someone (build) the house ten years but 1 don't know who (live) in it then 18. I (drive) a car a longtime, 19. Ann (have) a bad cold the last few days 20. Bill (be) engaged to Liz two years and then he (get) married to Jane 21. They (setup) this society ten yearsand the membership (grow) ever. 22. I (write) the postcards but I(not, post) them yet 23. I (not, see) her I (graduate) from the faculty of letters 24. This is the first time I (tell) you a lie (tell) 25. The young man (never, be) to Rome, but he (read) a book about this city last year EXERCISE 108 THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE Complete the following sentences with the words on the list below. always never already before since then now up to now until now yet ever since just still for 1) I haven't visited Paris . I was ten 2) I have . seen

such a beautiful girl in my life 3) My father has written three books . 4) I Haven't had a chance to write to you . ages 5) My father has . booked a place for the wedding reception 6) We haven't ordered the flowers . 7) I have . spoken to him on the phone 143 ever since recently 8) I have seen this film., but I cannot remember when 9) Has anybody. told you that you are mad? 10) Have you . tried Turkish food? Would you like to try some? 11) My sister has . driven her car very carefully 12) I have been married . twenty years 13) I have studied Italian . . three years I came here 14) Eileen is the most beautiful girl I have. seen 15) We have known each other . a long time 16) She has been interested in classical music . 1975 17) I saw your sister last May, but 1 haven't seen her. 18) I have. read your composition How much time did you spend writing it? 19) I have . flown a helicopter 20) The news about the inflation in Turkey has been

bad. 21) He went to Paris ten years ago, and he has lived there. 22) He has . wanted to go to Paris, but he has had the chance 23) I have known Silvia . years 24) He was ill before Christmas, but he has been well. 25) I have. fallen in love . 26) This flat has been empty . two years 27) Haven't you eaten your lunch.? 28) Have you . been to Japan? 29) I have . heard anything like this in my life 30) I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have. heard of her 31) Have you seen any good films .? 32) I have been to London four times . 33) . they came to Istanbul, They have been very happy 34) Alice has . . phoned me to say good bye 35) My English teacher has . 36) I . been very nice to me . haven't found my passport! I wonder where it is 37) She has . been to London three times and she doesn't want to go again. 38) I have. flown in an aero plane but I would like To one day 39) Are you going to eat your lunch? - Oh, I have . . . eaten my

lunch 40) They . haven't finished the report about Iraq 144 145 EXERCISE 109 THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Past Simple", "The Present Perfect Simple" or "The Present Perfect Continuous". Example : I (live) . in Istanbul since I (be) born I have lived in Istanbul since I was born. I have been living in Istanbul since I was born. 1) She (write) . letters since she (get up) this morning 2) The teacher (correct) .e papers for hours and he (not / finish) correcting them yet 3) The girls (dance) . since it (get) dark 4) Gloria Stefan (stay) . at this hotel since Tuesday 5) (you, drink) . wine since you (arrive) here? 6) What (your father, do) 7) (your sister, work). . since he (desert) his family? . for this company ever since she (leave) school? 8) My brother (write) . three letters since he (get) dressed 9) The weather (be) . terrible since our holiday (begin)

10) My father (have) .: a lot of money since he (join) . this club 11) She (look for). her lost child for two hours and she (not, find) . him yet 12) I (not, have) . a letter from Janet since she (leave) Istanbul for London 13) My sister (collect) . stamps ever since she (become) a doctor 14) I (always, want) . logo to Turkey ever since I (get) married 15) He (smoke) . five cigarettes since he (have) 16) I (study) . . breakfast . German for three years and I cannot speak it yet 17) We (stand) . on the platform since lunch time and the train (not, arrive) yet 18) I (know) . him for a long time; in fact he is my oldest friend 19) We (drive) . for two hours and (not, pass) a single petrol station yet 20) My father (smoke) . ever since he (be) . ten 21) The book (lie) . on the table for weeks 22) We (be) . married for ten years since we (come) to Istanbul 23) I (love). you ever since I (become) . a teacher at this school 24) Helen

(lie) . on the beach since the sun (rise) 25) The room smells of garlic; your father (eat) . garlic again 26) He (get) . complaints from the neighbours ever since he (buy) „„„, his new hi-fi 27) I (try) . to reach you since I (arrive in) „„,„„ Istanbul 28) My sister (apply) . for several jobs recently 29) The little child (sneeze) 30) He (leave) . a lot lately. . the city ten years ago, and he (live) on the island ever since 146 EXERCISE 110 THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Combine or rewrite the sentences in "The Present Perfect Continuous" stating how long something has been going on. Use "SINCE" or "FOR" in your sentences Example: It started to rain three hours ago. It is still raining It has been raining for three hours. The wind started to blow when we got up. It is still blowing The wind has been blowing since we got up. 1) Carol started working in the bank in February. She is still working there 2) I started to study

Russian two years ago. I am still studying it 3) Roger began to look for a job five months ago. He is still looking for it 4) The students started dancing half an hour ago. They are still dancing 5) Wendy started to write the letters when the sun rose. She is still writing them 6) My boss thought of increasing my salary six months ago. He is still thinking of it 7) I was thinking of getting married when I was in London. I am still thinking of it 8) I started to smoke when I was twenty. I still smoke 9) Melissa was working as a model in 1995. She still works as a model 10) She began to drink wine five hours ago. She is still drinking wine 11) I began to decorate this room three days ago. I am still decorating it 12) Zeynep started to play tennis at ten o'clock. She is still playing tennis 13) My sister started to live in this house a long time ago. She is still living in it 14) He was trying to solve that problem half an hour ago. He is still trying to solve it 15) Helen sat in

front of the television two hours ago. She is still sitting in front of it 147 EXERCISE 111 THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Answer the following questions using the words "FOR" or "SINCE" in brackets. Note that "SINCE" must be followed by a clause. Example: A: How long have you been living in Turkey? (for) B: I have been living in Turkey for three years. A: How long have you been living in Turkey? (since) B: I have been living in Turkey since I was born. 1. A: How long has your mother been working as a housewife? (for) B: . 2. A: How long has your mother been working as a housewife? (since) B: . 3. A: How long have your children been watching television? (for) B: . 4. A: How long have your children been watching television? (since) B: . 5. A: How long have you been writing your new book? (for) B: . 6. A: How long have you been writing your new book? (since) B: . 7. A: How long has your friend been taking private lessons? (for) B: . 8. A: How long has

your friend been taking private lessons? (since) B: . 9. A: How long has your brother been wearing long trousers? (for) 148 B: . 10. A: How long has your brother been wearing long trousers? (since) B: . 11. A: How long has the cat been sitting in front of the television set? (for) B: . 12. A: How long has the cat been sitting in front of the television set? (since) B: . 13. A: How long have you been waiting for the bus? (for) B: . 14. A: How long have you been waiting for the bus? (since) B: . 15. A: How long has it been raining in Istanbul? (for) B: . 16. A: How long has it been raining in Istanbul? (since) B: . EXERCISE 112 THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE (CONJUNCTIONS) Combine or rewrite the following sentences with "BEFORE" or "AFTER". Use "The Past Simple" and "The Past Perfect Simple". Example: I received Carol's letter. Then I spoke to her father a. I had received Carol's letter before I spoke to her father, b. After I had received

Carol's letter, I spoke to her father 1. The boy went to sleep I told him a lovely story a. b. 2. First I washed my hands, and then I had breakfast a. b. 3. Maria had a cup of tea, and then she started to play the piano a. b. 4. Matilda brushed her teeth, and after that she went to bed a. b. 149 5. Rosemary wrote the address on the envelope Then she stuck a stamp on it a. b. 6. Rebecca finished her English course, and then she went to London a. b. 7. First I learned French Then I went to France a. b. 8. I took the medicine I felt a little better a. b. 9. The police arrived at the art gallery The burglars left the building a. b. 10. First the doctor examined the child Then he wrote the prescription a. b. EXERCISE 113 THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Past Simple" or "The Past Perfect Simple". Example: Nobody believed me when I (say) .that I (see) a UFO Nobody believed me when I said that I had seen a

UFO. 1) It (be).very cold when he (get to)Moscow because winter (already, arrive) 2) My car (not, start). this morning because I (leave)the lights on 3) If he (work).steadily he would have passed the exam 4) After the detectives (check). the windows for fingerprints, they (search) the house 5) He (not, realize) . his mistake until after he (post) the letter 6) The captain of the ship (he) .among the sailors who (abandon) the ship just before it (go).to the bottom of the sea 7) 1 (take) . the decision after I (speak) 150 . to John 8) They (he) . on the road for a mere five minutes when they (have) a puncture 9) The car (scarcely, stop) . when a policeman (appear) 10) He (give). me a painting which his grandfather (leave) him 11) After the accident it was quite some time before they (know). what (happen) 12) After Jack and Mary (go out). with each other for six years, they (break up) 13) It was only after Jackie (see) .the film she (decide) to read the book 14) When she heard

she (accept) . by Oxford University, she (jump) up and down with joy 15) He (work). as a mechanic for four years before they (let) him drive one of the racing cars. 16) He (say). that he (not, see) his mother for years. 17) After he (eat) . so much at Christmas dinner, he (suffer) from indigestion 18) It was the first time that I (ever, see) . such a big man 19) I would rather you (not, speak). so rudely to your teacher last night 20) They (still, be).friends even though they (be) apart for ten years 21) David (eat) .Japanese food before, so he (know) what to order 22) As the taxi was moving off, I (realize). that I (forget) to take my wallet. 23) He (no sooner, turn). the corner of the street than he (attack) by a gang of ruffians. 24) Peter (be). the handsomest man she (ever, see) 25) Before we (get) . our cat, we (never, have) a pet in our family. 26) I (hope). to talk to him but he (be) too busy to listen 27) The film (not, yet, finish). . . when we (leave) 28)

Before he (decide). to start his own business, he (learn) . . the cinema last night . . . . . all the details about the job. 29) I wish I (learn). Arabic when 1 (be) 30) It (be) . . in Libya . ten o'clock, but the children (not, get up) yet 31) By the time Peter (arrive) . at the hotel, his wife (already, die) 32) If I know. that you (be) 33) As soon as I (get). . . tired, I wouldn't have given you that task . home, I saw that someone (break into) . . my flat. 34) While I was going home, I (see). . an accident. A bus (run into) 35) By the time 1 (get). home, they (eat) 36) The man (already, tell). . . . . . . all the cake . the truth before the police (arrive) 151 a car. 37) If you (not, warn) . me, 1 would have fallen into the water 38) He said that he (be). excited because he (never, travel) . on/in a train before 39) When he went into the kitchen, he (discover). that the cat (drink) all the

milk in the plate. 40) When I (arrive) . . home, Linda (not, be) there She (go)to the park to take some fresh air. 41) She (just, complete) . her project when her friend (call) . . to invite her to the theatre 42) Rosemary (be) .late for school yesterday This (be)unusual, because she (never, be) late before. 43) When I looked at the map, I (discover) . to my horror that I (take) . . wrong road. 44) The police (catch). 45) After he (work) . the fugitive before he (drive) . 46) I (just, turn off). 47) My daughter (learn) . very far. in the hospital for three years he (decide) . to give up the job . the lights when the phone (ring) . . Spanish before she (go) to Spain 48) When my father (leave). Belgium, he (work) there for twenty years 49) She wishes she (study) . this subject when she (be) 50) I (wait) . . in London ten years ago . at the bus-stop until the bus (arrive) 152 EXERCISE 114 THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE Complete the following

sentences in "The Past Perfect Simple", using "The Correct Forms of the Verbs" on the list below. A. WASH, WRITE, TELL, PAY, DRINK, FORGET, SPEND, WORK, EAT, WATER 1) As soon as I. the bill, I left the restaurant 2) When I. the beer, I threw the empty bottle away 3) I got wet because I.to take my umbrella with me 4) I couldn't afford to buy a new shirt because I. all my money 5) After I. a letter to Peter, I put it into an envelope and posted it 6) 6. The gardener told us to keep off the grass because he it 7) 7. He bought his villa after he 8) 8. When I went home, my parents their dinner 9) 9. She went to sleep after her father her the story 10) 10. He B. for ten years in England. . his hands before he had lunch SEE, TAKE, PASS, HAVE, PREPARE, FLY, ARREST, PUT OUT, FEED, RECOVER 1) When I told the doctor that I . earache for nearly a month, he gave me a prescription, 2) 2. After she her driving test, she bought a car 3)

John said that he. that film before 4) We . to Athens before we took the terry boat to Izmir 5) I . just from the chicken pox when 1 caught measles last month 6) We discovered that we . the wrong road at the beginning of the trip 7) She wondered if the police . the thief before dawn broke 8) Linda . the meal before she left the house 9) When the fire engines arrived, the children . already the fire 10) After she . the animals, she went for a walk in the woods C LOSE, WANT, GATHER, COMMIT, BREAK INTO, DIE, START, EXAMINE, BE, SET 1) Most of the tables were occupied and the guests . already eating their meals 153 2) I. to take a good holiday this year but 1 wasn't able to get away 3) He expected people to be sympathetic because his mother. 4) He. a newspaper reporter before he became a businessman 5) The anthropologist left the village when he . enough data 6) When we got back, we discovered that someone . our house 7) After the doctor. my

leg, he told me that it was broken 8) When I questioned the boy he said he didn't know where he . his cap 9) The sun . in the west before we reached our destination 10) The prisoner confessed that he . the crime. EXERCISE 115 THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Past Simple1' or "The Past Perfect Continuous". Example: I (wait for) . the bus for two hours when I (see) Jane I had been waiting for she bus for two hours when I saw Jane. 1) All day I (feel) . nervous but the feeling (vanish) 2) I (be). . as soon as I (see) her very tired because I (play). tennis all afternoon. 3) She (think of) . studying marine biology but she (finally, decide)on chemistry 4) When I (start). working for this company, 1 (work)as an architect for six years in London. 5) She (bite). her nails for years, but last month she (make up)her mind not to bile her nails any more. 6) I (realize) . that I (overwork) for a long

time, so 1 (decide) to take a couple of days' holiday 7) When I (get) . there, they (already, lest) . the new nuclear submarine since eight o'clock. 8) Rose (feel). miserable because il (rain) 9) After he (practise) . . for an hour, James (start) . all weekend . to play the tune perfectly. 10) By the time 1 (get) . home, they (dance) 11) My feet (hurt). . badly because I (walk) for two hours 12) The orchestra (play). . for two hours . for five hours when the dance (end) - 154 13) . She (wear) that old hat for a long time when she (find) . a job in London 14) When I (last, see). him, he was living in London He (tell)me that he (think of)emigrating to Australia. 15) When I (enter).the room 1 could smell cigarette smoke Obviously, somebody (smoke) in there for hours. 16) He realized that they (cheat) .him since he (start) . to do business with them 17) When I (reach). the classroom the exam (go on) for almost half an hour 18) The girl

with whom I (play) .with suddenly (burst)into tears 19) The kettle (boil). for a quarter of an hour when we (sit down) at the table 20) After they (travel).for about two hours on the open sea, they (meet)a big steamer coming from England. EXERCISE 116 THE FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Present Simple" or "The Future Perfect Simple”. Example: I (type) .all the letters by the time I (leave) the office I will have typed all the letters by the time I leave the office. 1) Don't worry. 1 (repair) the car by the time your father (get back) . 2) The rain (stop) . before we (reach) home 3) Within five years, I (hope).I (get) a big promotion at work 4) If you (not, hurry up) . the bus (go) . before we 155 (get to). the bus-stop 5) The film (already, start) . by the time we (get) there 6) I (run out of) . money by the end of the month 7) In two years, you (forget) . . all about this event 8) By next June, 1 (work)

. for this Firm for seven years 9) In six months' time, the election (certainly, hold). We may have a new government 10) It (be). five o'clock; they (arrive) home by now 11) By the end of the month I (finish). my job if everything (go) all right 12) You (get). the result of the exam before the teacher (arrive) here 13) . Miranda speaks English very well She (take) . private lessons 14) It is already midnight. The children (go) to bed by now 15) Next year, 1 (be) . married to Patricia for twenty years 16) .They (complete) the building by the time we (receive)financial aid from the government 17) We (play).tennis for four hours if we (not, stop) before it(get) dark 18) We (have). dinner by the time the programme (begin) 19) The train (arrive).and all the passengers (leave) the station if we (not, hurry) 20) 1 (learn). English within two years, I think 21) . Monica (forget) you before she (reach) her destination 22) They (return) . by the time Angela

(get) . home 23) The ship (leave). the harbour within fifteen minutes 24) The dance (start). by the time we (arrive) there 25) I will be able to buy your car next June. I am afraid I can't wait that long By then I (sell) the car to someone else. EXERCISE 117 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE 1) Rewrite the following sentences using "IF" to make "First Conditionals". Example: Perhaps I will have a lot of money. Then I will buy a car If I have a lot of money, I will buy a cur. 1) Perhaps her husband will not like her new dress. Then she will return it to the store If 2) You may not find the address. Then don't forget to call me If 3) Perhaps I will see George. Then I will tell her to phone you 156 If 4) Paint the house. It may look better If 5) Perhaps they will offer me the job. Then I will accept it If 6) Tom may phone this evening. Then I will Take the message If 7) The flat may be too expensive. Then 1 will not rent it If

8) I may not have enough money. I cannot have a vacation If 9) Melanie may save money. She stops spending money on her clothes If 10) It may rain, so my father doesn't let me play in the garden. If 11) The weather may be too cold tomorrow. Then I will stay at home If 12) Don't touch that dog! It may bite you. If 13) You are eating too much! You are going to put on weight! If 14) It is going to rain! You will get wet! Take your umbrella. If 15) Turn the oven off. You might burn the food If 16) Hurry up! We are going to miss the train. If 17) We may lose all our money in gambling. We will not be able to buy that house If EXERCISE 118 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE1) Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Present Simple”, “The Future Simple" or "The Imperative". Example: If you (walk).under a ladder, it (bring) 157 . bad luck If you walk under a ladder, it brings bad luck. If you walk under a ladder, it will bring bad

luck 1. If it (be) foggy this evening, I (stay) at home 2. If we (take) care of the environment, our children (have) a better future 3. If you (eat) . so much carbohydrate, you (put on) weight 4. if we (plant) more trees, our children (have) a better environment 5. If 1 (get) a bad headache, I (take) one of these tablets 6. I (send) you a letter, if! (receive) the money in time 7. She (telephone) me if she (feel) that pain again 8. We (miss) the train unless we (hurry) to the train station 9. If you (not, obey) the rules, the teacher (get) angry with you 10. Unless we (stand up), we (not, see) . anything. 11. II it (rain) , (take) your umbrella 12. If you (not, feel) well, (not, go) to school 13. If you (see) Janet, please (not, tell) her the bad news 14. Where (you, go) if you (miss) the train? 15. If you (not, eat) so much, you (lose) weight 16. If I (be) late for work, I (take) . a short cut across die park to save time 17.

You (be) in danger if you (meet) a lion in the forest 18. If you (be) really sick, why (not, go) home right away? 19. If you (go) to bed late, you (feel) . tired in the morning 20. [f you (take) drugs regularly, you (become)addicted to them 21. if he (not, give) me the money, I (kill) him 22. He (not, become) very rich unless he (become) a successful singer 23. If he (drive) after dark, he (may, not, find) the house easily 24. If I (win) an Olympic gold medal, I (be) very happy 25. If you (not, tell) the truth, I (not, let) . . you go to the theatre 26. If I (win) a lot of money in a state lottery, 1 (buy) you a new car. 27. If you (take) a few drops of this medicine, you (be) in good health again pretty soon 28. (not, hesitate) to phone me if you (need) help 29. If jack (ring) while I am out, (tell) . him to be here at ten o'clock sharp 30. (not, forget) to take your umbrella if you (go out) with your friends tonight. 158

EXERCISE 119 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE 2) Put the "verbs" in brackets into either "The Past Simple" or "The Present Conditional". Example: If! (have) . ten children, I (go). . crazy If I had ten children, I would go crazy. 1) I (be). . delighted if you (come) . to stay with us next year 2) If I (be). in London now, I (visit) 3) If he (not, be). drunk, he (not, talk) to his father like that 4) If I (be) . 5) Everybody (be) . frightened to death if the sun (rise) in the west 6) If 1 (smoke). less, I (not, cough) so much 7) If you (not, give) . me the money tomorrow I (kill) you 8) If you (come) . 9) If we all (have) . good manners, the world (be) a wonderful place to live in . . the Tower of London . as rich as you are, I (go) to Italy . to my party tomorrow, we (he) 10) You (not, feel) . the cold so much if you (wear) 11) If you (pay) . more attention, you (learn) 12)

If you (not, eat) . . . very happy . thicker clothes . . our language easily . so much, you (not, put on) weight 13) If I (be) . in your place, f (not, touch) that snake 14) I (apologize). to you if I (do) 15) If I (not, be) . . . . something wrong. . afraid of the mice, f (enter) the room 16) You (understand) . the lesson better if you (listen to) 17) If I (be). . - - as strong as you are, I (heat) 18) If you (be). . him at wrestling . in trouble, my father (help) you 19) If I (know). French, I (teach) 20) I (he) . the teacher carefully . . you . very happy if Natalie (marry) me. 21) If he (get up) . early, he (be) there in time 22) If I (he) . as clever as you are, I (take up) chemistry 23) If I(have) . lots of practice in speaking Turkish, 1 (persuade) her to marry me 24) What (your father, do) . 25) Who (you, get). 26) 26. I (call) . if he (know) how to play bridge? . married to if

you (be) as beautiful as Julia . the electrician if the lights (fail) again 27) 27. If you (not, apologize) , I (not, talk to) 28) If it (not, rain) . . . . you again . we (have) a picnic on the island 29) 29. The hijackers (destroy) the bus if the police (refuse) . to meet 159 them. 30) 30. If you (arrive) late, the boss (probably, dismiss) you. EXERCISE 120 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE 2) Rewrite the following sentences using "IF" to make "Second Conditionals". Example: It is a pity that I don't have a spare ticket, so I cannot take you to the concert. If I had a spare ticket, I would / could take you to the concert. 1) I don't work hard because my father always shouts at me. If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------2) I cannot get a job easily in a bank because I don't know how to use a computer.

If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------3) I don't earn much money because I don't work as hard as you do. If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------4) She doesn't do her homework, so she doesn't get good marks. If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------5) What a pity that I have to work tomorrow, so f cannot go shopping with you. If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------6) It is a pity that I am not as handsome as you are, so 1 cannot marry Angela. If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------7) I am not happy because I am not married to Gilda. If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------8) I have to take a bus because the school is a long way from home.

If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------9) What a pity that I am not as tall as you are, so I cannot reach (to) the lop shelf. If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------10) I cannot go swimming because I don't have a swimming costume with me now. If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------11) I am sorry that I don't have much money, so I cannot help you. 160 If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------12) I gel bored because the lessons are too boring. If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------13) I am sorry that today is not a holiday, so I cannot stay in bed all day long. If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------14) What a pity that I am not a boy, so I cannot go out at nights.

If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------15) There are a lot of fatal accidents because people drive very carelessly in Turkey. If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------16) We have a baby sitter, so we can go out very often. If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------17) I don't understand the financial pages of the newspaper, so I don't read them. If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXERCISE 121 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE 2) Rewrite the following sentences using "IF" to make "Second Conditionals". Example: It is not raining, so I will not take my umbrella. If it were raining, 1 would take my umbrella. 1) What a pity that the sun is not shining, so 1 will not take a picture. If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2)

We cannot go to the cinema because 1 am doing my homework now. If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) The population of the world is increasing so rapidly, that’s why there is unemployment in the world. If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) It is not snowing, that's why we cannot play snowball outside If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) My father will leave the room, because my mother is smoking a cigarette. If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6) The student is cheating in the exam, so the teacher will punish him. If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7) The children are living in poverty, so they are begging for bread in the streets. If

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------161 I cannot concentrate on my work because my son is playing the piano. 8) If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The police are looking for the terrorists, so they are slopping all the cars. 9) If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10) We cannot go for a picnic because my father is repairing our old car. If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11) I will stay at home tonight, because 1 am taking an exam tomorrow. If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12) My father will get a divorce because he is always having rows with my mother, If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13) I am very depressed

because my mother is crying bitterly. If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14) My eyes are full of tears because the girls are singing our national anthem. If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15) My brother is very happy because he is dancing with his fiancé now. If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16) The children cannot play tennis because the wind is blowing very hard. If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17) We cannot go to the cinema because the teacher is giving a lest in the afternoon. If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXERCISE 122 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPES) Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Past Perfect Simple" or "The Perfect

Conditional". Example: If I (have) . time yesterday, I (play)tennis If I had had time yesterday, I would have played tennis. 1) I (not, go) . to Paris if 1 (know) it was so expensive 2) If Lisa (put). her concert ticket in a safe place, she (not, lose) it 3) If John (not, wear) . a t-shirt at the beach, he (get) sunburnt 4) I (die). if the surgeon (not, be) so experienced 5) If I (learn) . Arabic when I was in Saudi Arabia, I (find) a better job 6) She (miss). the train if she (not, hurry) 7) If the driver (be). careless, we (lose) our lives 8) I (be) . delighted if the teacher (come) to my party 162 9) If you (go) . to the bank yesterday, you (be) able To draw some money 10) If I (have) . a lot of money last year, I (go) to Japan 11) If Mary (know). that I was here, she (come) at once 12) If you (get). married to Betty, you (be) . very happy 13) I (not, go). there if you (not, tell) me the truth 14) If Stella (get). the money from

her father, she (buy) the car 15) If there (not, be). a storm, we (arrive) much earlier 16) If it (not, be) . foggy, I (not, stay) 17) If the horse (not, run away). . , we (not, walk) home 18) If you (not, be) . so conceited, you (make) 19) I (buy) . you a present if I (know) . more progress . that it was your birthday 20) I (take). you to the circus if you (tell) me that you were free 21) 1 (not, beat). you if you (take) my advice 22) If it (not, be). so cold, she (not, freeze) to death 23) If she (not, be). seriously interested in politics, she (can, not, be) Prime Minister 24) What (may, happen). if you (not, stop) at the traffic lights? 25) If you (tell). him that you were ill, he (not, refuse) to help you 26) If Julia (get up). earlier, she (catch) 27) If I (not, miss) . the train, I (meet) 28) If I (have) . 29) 1 (sack) the bus. . you in front of the club . the chance, I (study) medicine . him if he (not, do) the job well 30) I (have). time for

breakfast if I (not, sleep) late last night EXERCISE 123 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPES) Rewrite the following sentences using "IF" to make "Third Conditionals". Example: I was watching TV so I didn't hear what she said. If I had not been watching TV, I would have heard what she said. 1) It was raining hard, so we could not go for a picnic. If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2) Cathy was feeling tired, so she didn't dance with me. 163 If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------You were listening to the news, so you didn't understand what we were talking about it. 3) If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I was feeling ill, so my father called a doctor. 4) If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------She was suffering from toothache, so she visited the dentist.

5) If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I was feeling dizzy, so I lay down on the sofa. 6) If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The students were talking loudly, so they didn't hear what the teacher said. 7) If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The girl was not looking where she was going, so she fell down and broke her arm. 8) If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I was not watching the road, so I hit the woman. 9) If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10) The gardener was watering the flowers, so we couldn't have breakfast in the garden. If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11) I scolded the boy because he was throwing stones all the dogs.

If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12) I went to the theatre because my neighbour was taking care of my children. If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13) The gardener complained to the teacher because the students were picking the flowers. If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14) The man was painting the door, and therefore 1 could not enter the house. If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15) My mother sent all the children into the garden because they were talking loudly. If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16) I lore up the book of ray friend because he was making fun of me. If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17) My mother was taking a bath, and therefore she could not answer

the phone. If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXERCISE 124 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPES) 164 Rewrite the following sentences using "IF" to make "Third Conditionals". Example: It rained last week, so we didn't go for a picnic. If it had not rained last week, we would have gone for a picnic, I didn't go to Italy last year, so I didn't visit your sister. If I had gone to Italy last year, I would have visited your sister. 1) I punished you because you didn't tell me the truth. If. 2) He didn't go to a university because he didn't pass the exam. If. 3) The ship ran aground because they didn't drop anchor in time. If. 4) She failed in her exam because she didn't study hard. If. 5) My brother didn’t become a Member of Parliament because he didn't win the election. If. 6) My friend didn't do his job properly, so he was sacked. If. 7) The horse I backed

didn’t win the race, so 1 lost all my money If. 8) The aeroplane didn't crash because the pilot was very experienced. If. 9) Her brother didn't see the programme, so he didn't change his eating habits. If. 10) The weather was very cold, so we didn't go for a swim. If. 11) I didn't know that you were hungry, so I didn’t invite you to dinner. If. 12) I didn't put any petrol in the car before I left, so it stopped. If. 13) Claudia didn't take her umbrella yesterday, so she got wet. If. 14) I was not delighted because the teacher didn’t come to my party. If. 15) I didn’t have any time, so I didn’t play tennis. If. 16) My father was not able to learn German because he didn't go to Germany. 165 If. EXERCISE 125 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (UNLESS / IF . NOT) Rewrite the following sentences using "UNLESS" or "IF . NOT" Example : If you don't tell me the truth, 1 will not help your husband. Unless you tell me

the truth, 1 will not help your husband. 1) The party will not be any fun if you don't bring your sisters. Unless you . 2) . . She will not be able to speak Spanish unless she goes to Spain. . . . . . . The plane will not be able to land unless the weather improves. If the weather . , 7) . If 1 don't see you at the station, I will try to get in touch with you at the hotel. Unless I 6) . . If she. 5) . 1 will not do my homework if you don’t slop talking. Unless you . 4) . Unless you are more careful, you will have an accident. If you . 3) . . . I will die if you don't give me a drink. Unless you. 8) We will go for a picnic tomorrow if it does not rain. Unless it. 9) . . . . . . . They will not lose weight unless they eat less. If they. . . 10) If 1 don't have a quiet room, I will not be able to do my homework. Unless.

. . 11) Unless you write to her and apologize, she will not forgive you. If you . . . . . 12) If she doesn’t get another job, she will have to sell her house. Unless she . . 13) You cannot gel sleeping pills if you don’t get a prescription from a doctor. Unless you . 14) Unless you drive more slowly, you will have an accident. 166 . . . . . If you . . 15) If she does not start early, she will be held up in the traffic. Unless she . . . 16) You would not have succeeded unless you had taken my advice. If you . . . 17) He would not ring unless it was an emergency. If it. EXERCISE 126 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPES 1/2/3) Change the First Conditional sentences into "The Second and Third Conditionals". Example : Type 1 a. If it rains, we will go to the cinema Type 2 b. If it rained, we would go to the cinema Type 3 c. If it had rained, we would have

gone to the cinema 1. A If you eat too much, you will get sick B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. AIf I have a lot of money, I will make a trip around the world B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. AIf there is a bus strike, we will not be able to go to work, B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. AYou will not succeed if you do not take my advice

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. AI will be in London by six o'clock if I do not miss this train B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. AWe will have a party if the weather is fine B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. A If I am rich, I will send you to England B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------167

C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. A If you do more exercise, you will feel healthier B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. A If you are not careful, you will fall into the water B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. A Will you go to the post office if your letter gets lost in the post?

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. A If I get nervous, I will not be able to make a good speech B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXERCISE 127 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPES 1/2/3) Match up the two halves of the following "Conditional Sentences" (Types 1/2/3) to make logical sentences by writing them. 1) ( )If it were not so urgent, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) ( )If you had slopped at the red light. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) ( )If we lost the

match--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) ( )If you work hard, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) ( )If I were in your shoes--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6) ( )If there were a gym, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7) ( )If you do not stand up when 1 come in----------------------------------------------------------------------- 8) ( )If it had rained last night-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9) ( )If I were the Prime Minister of Turkey, -------------------------------------------------------------------- 10) ( )If I had a lot of time,------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11) ( )If it does not

rain--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12) ( )It you see Margaret, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13) ( )If I had been ill--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14) ( )If the weather does not change------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15) ( )If I had known it was going to rain---------------------------------------------------------------------------- A) We will have to put the match off until Monday. 168 B) I would not have taken my exam. C) I would play sports at school. D) I would not set up a coalition party in Turkey. E) I would not have to ask somebody quickly. F) The performance would have been cancelled. G) We will go for a walk in the country. H) I would not buy that old car. I) Will you please tell her the news? J) I would go to a concert. K) We would not be

disappointed. L) I could have taken my umbrella. M) You will pass the examination. N) I will punish you severely. O) Would not have had the accident. EXERCISE 128 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPES 1/2/3) Complete the following conditional sentences on your own. (TYPES 1/2/3) 1) If I were in your place,. 2) You will not learn English unless . 3) She will not feel better if. 4) If f had learned Arabic. 5) Would you see a doctor if .? 6) You will have a good time if. 7) If 1 were as tall as you are . 8) Would you have forgiven me if. 9) If he had been rich, . 10) He wouldn't have solved the problem if . 11) If they were in a hurry, . 12) Rose would have been angry if. 13) If Natalie comes to the party,. 169 14) Unless he earns a lot of money,. 15) If I have enough money. 16) She would make a cake for the children if. 17) If it had not rained yesterday, . 18) What would you have done if.? 19) 19.I will get my money back if 20) I would be very grateful to you if. 21) If I had worn

your raincoat. 22) If Eileen were not so busy, . 23) I would call the police if . 24) If I had taken your advice, . 25) If I had known that you were ill. 26) Would you play bridge with me if. 27) If your father shaves more often, . 28) Our cites would look beautiful if. 29) If you had gone on a diet, . 30) You would enjoy life more if. 31) If you touch that dog, . 32) What will you do if .? 33) I would definitely accept that job if . 34) I would apply for that job in Paris if. 35) I would have given up work if . 36) If I had had a lot of money,. EXERCISE 129 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (IN CASE) Combine the following pairs of sentences using "IN CASE" to express a "precaution". Example: I will give Jane my address. Perhaps she will write to me I will give Jane my address in case she writes to me. I gave Jane my address. Perhaps she would write to me I gave Jane my address in case she wrote to me. 1) I will give you a key Perhaps you will come home early 2) I will not

go out this evening. My girlfriend will probably phone me 3) You had better hurry. It is probable that you will miss the train 170 4) I will make the man lie down. Maybe he will faint and fall 5) You should take a map with you. Perhaps you will get lost in lire city 6) I will write this number down. I will probably forget it 7) You have to leave for work early. Perhaps you will gel stuck in a traffic jam 8) I will take a sweater with me. Perhaps the weather will get cold 9) 1 will play the record softly. Perhaps our neighbour will complain 10) I want to leave now. Perhaps the bus will come early 11) I will send these photographs to you. Perhaps you will be interested 12) I will take a gun with me. Perhaps the bandits will attack me 13) You had better chain up the dog. Most probably it will bite 14) You had better take an umbrella. It is probable that you will get wet 15) I bought the car at once. Perhaps the owner would change his mind 16) We will walk home. We are likely to miss

the last bus EXERCISE 130 GENERAL EXERCISES (THE AXULIARY VERBS) Complete the following sentences with "The Auxiliary Verbs" on the list below. AM ARE IS WAS WERE 171 DO DOES DID WILL HAVE HAS HAD WOULD SHALL SHOULD 1) I. been studying English for six years 2) Diana. not go to the cinema yesterday 3) .you ever been to China? 4) Somebody. 5) By this time next week, my father will. arrived in Madrid 6) Women . wearing mini skirls this year 7) He . just recovered from his illness 8) We . probably go to Germany next month 9) I wish I. learned French when I was in Paris 10) I. going to see him at three o'clock tomorrow 11) He . visited Paris many times since he became a doctor 12) How long . your parents been married? 13) Olga . singing a Russian song while they were playing cards 14) What . you doing while she was setting the table? 15) It. raining cats and dogs at the moment 16) If I had a lot of money, I. buy

a new car 17) The sun . not go round the earth 18) I. be waiting for you when you go out 19) He . been studying law for many years when he got married 20) If I . studied hard, I 21) He. been very successful so far 22) I wish my father . been here yesterday 23) I would rather you . not smoke here, 24) I. no sooner left the room than the telephone rang 25) . you think that we can have roast beef for dinner? 26) How much chocolate . you eaten this morning? 27) Which of the two girls . he take to the dance last night? 28) We .have no news of them for several years 29) The children . waiting for a bus when the accident happened 30) You . take your children to hospital right away 31) . we go fishing this afternoon? 32) . you please help me with my homework? . tapping at the window now 172 . have passed my class EXERCISE 131 GENERAL EXERCISES (ON TENSES) Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the following "verbs". BE:

1) I. . very much interested in jazz music when I was in the navy 2) I . 3) If you . careful, you will learn how to drive a car in a short time 4) I . very happy if I go to Paris next year 5) The rain had slopped by the time we . 6) My sister. in love with a pilot for four years when she left Madrid 7) When I met Miranda in Istanbul, she 8) I wish I . at the party last night 9) I wish I . 10) Lora . the most beautiful girl! have ever seen 11) If I . in your place, I wouldn't leave her 12) It. a long time since I last saw you in Paris 13) I don't know if she . married to Tom three years ago 14) It 15) I. 16) Love me or leave me and let me . 17) Linda . sick for six years before she found a better job 18) You cannot get a driving licence until you 19) Peter has been breaking things ever since he . 20) . you ever to Canada in your life? 21) Barton Lynch . in prison for ten years now 22) .

23) I . punished by my father every morning 24) Helen . in London next week if she able to pass her class 25) I want. a medical doctor when I grow up, 26) I . interested in politics ever since I joined this club 27) There used . - a church near the hospital many years ago 28) I. very happy if I gel married to that girl 29) There . 30) . you glad if you had three children now? . an English teacher since I came to Istanbul . . .ready to go . twenty years old . as handsome as you are . the best game i had ever seen . never m love with another girl until I came to Paris . lonely . . . careful when you . a postal strike since last week 173 eighteen years old. . a little boy driving a car. HAVE: 1) I. . breakfast at the moment 2) My father . a cold shower every morning 3) We . dinner when the phone rung 4) I . - a bath when 1 finish doing my homework 5) She . a car when she was in London 6)

We . a good time at the party last night 7) The students . a good time when I saw them at the party 8) My father . 9) I wish I. three children now 10) It is time we . lunch now 11) I . my car repaired tomorrow 12) We . a picnic if the weather is fine tomorrow 13) I . a lot of headaches lately 14) We . a lot of snow last year 15) We . a chat when the teacher entered the classroom 16) I. Chemistry if 1 go to London 17) When 1 heard the news, 1 gave up . 18) Do you want. French before going to France? 19) I will play the piano while you 20) I love . in the morning, not in the evening 21) After . the works of Shakespeare, 1 started writing poems 22) Stop . 23) I. German for three years, but 1 cannot speak it yet 24) If she. Japanese alone, I am sure that she cannot make any progress 25) If you want to be a medical doctor, you must. medicine 26) Maria . a cup of lea before she started playing the piano 27) If you want . a

good time, you must come to our party 28) We . 29) It is a tradition. Turkey for Thanksgiving Day dinner in the United States 30) When 1 told the doctor that I . this car since he became a teacher. . for my exams . the accounts, . the face of the man in the picture Do something else . dinner as soon as my father comes home earache for nearly a month, he gave me a prescription. STUDY: 1) I. for my exam at the moment 2) Susan . English for two hours every day 3) My father. French for two months last year 4) My friend . this subject very carefully when the Second World War started 174 5) We. Russian since we came to Istanbul 6) The scientist. the drinking habits of animals when he goes to Africa 7) Shall we . in the living room tonight? 8) . you ever the surface of the moon? 9) History and Economics . by the students at this school 10) The report you gave me . 11) Let's . 12) Would you go to London if you . 13) If I

were you I. the map of Turkey before going there 14) My parents didn't let me . in my bedroom 15) If they allow us . in the living room We will have a wonderful time 16) 1 17) When f heard the news, f gave up . for my exams 18) Do you want 19) If will play the piano while you . 20) 1 love . . in the morning, not in the evening 21) Alter. . the works of Shakespeare, I started writing poems 22) Stop . 23) If. 24) If she . Japanese alone, f am sure she can't make any progress 25) If you want to be a medical doctor, you must . . . . by the doctors tomorrow . the life of Atatürk . . . Chemistry if I go to London. . . . under Etude Menuhin? French before going to France? . the accounts . the face of the man in the picture Do something else . German for three years, but I cannot speak it yet . 175 . . medicine EXERCISE 132 GENERAL EXERCISES (ON TENSES) Complete the following sentences with the

correct forms of the "verbs" in brackets. Example: I (make). a lot of friends since I cometo Istanbul I have made a lot of friends since 1 came to Istanbul. 1) Why (you/look) . at me like that? Have I said something wrong? 2) The River Amazon (flow) . into the Pacific Ocean 3) Look! Somebody (climb) . up that tree over there 4) I will have eaten my dinner by the time they (come) . 5) The teacher (be) . at the meeting two days ago 6) I (phone). you as soon as 1 arrive in London 7) We (just / sit). down to dinner when a fire (breakout) last night 8) The exam (already / begin). when they (discover) that one the exam papers (be) . . .here missing. 9) Mr. Brown (usually/go) to the theatre on Fridays He (do)that more than twenty years. 176 10) (you/meet) . . your English teacher? Yes, I have I (meet) her yesterday. 11) (you/have). a good time at the party last night? 12) My feet hurt badly because I (walk) . 13) My father

(conduct) . an orchestra since 1997 14) I wish I (be) . there to help when your mother (be) so ill last for an hour and a half. night. 15) It is time you (go) . if you want to catch that train 16) They (not / write) . to us since they (go) to Madrid 17) Tom feels tired now. He (practise) his new guitar all day long 18) He (teach) . hundreds of students, but he (never/meet) such a hopeless class like this. 19) Mrs. Smith (often / drink) . tea, but today she (drink) . coffee 20) The house (be). very quiet when 1 got home Everybody (go) to bed. 21) He (sleep) . for ten hours It is time he (wake up) now, 22) When we reached the bus-stop, we (see) . . . that the bus (already / go) . . 23) I (make) . cakes That's why my hands are all covered with flour 24) What would you do if you (have). a million pounds? 25) By the end of the month we (work) . on this book for ten months 26) The telephone (ring) . for five minutes

Why don't you answer it? 27) They were all exhausted because they (work) . hard since morning 28) She (hardly / enter) . the classroom when the exam started 29) They (not / leave) . the office until I had completed my report 30) What a pity that I don't know her telephone number. I wish I (know) her number EXERCISE 133 GENERAL EXERCISES (ON TENSES) Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the "verbs" in brackets. 1) Columbus (try). . to reach India for a long time when he (discover) 177 .America 2) None of the students (know). the answer to that question, because the teacher (not/teach)that subject yet. 3) I see that you (still/do) . . your math homework How many problems (you/solve) so far? 4) This is the house where I used to live, but I (not/live) 5) I (be). . . there any longer . - - in the cafe for nearly two hours when she finally arrived 6) The accident happened after we (leave) . . the

restaurant 7) I am on a strict diet. I (eat) nothing but bananas for the last ten days 8) I would rather you (not / say) 9) If I (know) . anything about this to anybody, please . that you (be) 10) He told me that he (be). . . ill, I would have visited you in London for ten days. 11) I swear that there (never/be) . such a wonderful game of cricket before 12) No sooner had she got onto the motorway than her car (break down). . 13) The Browns (buy). a big house in London last year, and they (live) there ever since 14) When I last (see).him, he (live)in London He (tell)me that he (think of)emigrating to Australia. 15) I posted the parcel today, so I am sure that you (get). it ma few days time It (usually /take)two days. 16) The watch you (buy) . yesterday (not/work) I (take)it back to the shop if I were you 17) Do you mind if I (smoke) . . 18) Your eyes were all red. (you/cry) 19) What do you think you (do) 20) 1 wish you (turn down) . a cigarette

here? . . . when I (see) you? . ? That's my car you (try) to get into . that music I am trying to make a phone call 21) Next Monday (be). a national holiday 22) The President (only just/leave). . . the Palace when a time-bomb (explode)yesterday 23) I cannot carry this heavy table. I wish someone (help) . me 24) You (not /tell).me that the buses were running I wish you (tell) me before I (leave) the house. 25) When the results of her medical tests (arrive) . she realised that she (not/be) 26) He told me that he (be). . . a waiter before (become) 27) They have been looking for the dog which (be) . . 178 . in good health . a taxi-driver . missing for three days EXERCISE 134 GENERAL EXERCISES (ON TENSES) Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the "verbs" in brackets. 1) There (be). many students at the meeting tomorrow, 2) That child (be) . ill He (eat) ever since he sat down 3) I wish I (learn).

French when I (be) . in Paris ten years ago 4) I (go). to London two years ago, but I (not / be) 5) John (be) . busy now He (write) .there since then . a letter 6) We (be). in Madrid for two months last year 7) The wind (always / blow).very hard during the month of March 8) He says that he (be). here in a few minutes 9) (not/make) . a noise here, children! My baby (sleep) 10) If you (not /know) .the meaning of a word, (look)it up in a dictionary 11) It is high time you (make up). your mind about (choose) a career If you (not / decide) soon, you can never settle down to work. 12) Whenever her husband (leave). on business, she feels very lonely until he (come back) 13) We (go) . to the circus last week It (be)very interesting for me, because I (not/be)to a circus before. 14) I am sure my life (change). a lot after I (graduate) „„„„„ from the university 15) I (be). to the cinema twice this week, but normally I (not/go) to the cinema so often 16) I have

noticed that since 1 (start). this course, my English (improve) a lot. 17) It is years since I last (see). him, so I may not recognize him when 1 (meet) him again 18) There (be) . great progress in computer technology in recent years 19) The project I (work). on at the moment (seem) to be difficult, but it isn't in fact 20) Sheila (always / catch). the 830 train, but this morning she (catch) the 845 21) I (run into) . him at nine o'clock this morning just before the exam; I (not / see) him since then. 22) I (ring) . his phone for ten minutes, but nobody (answer) it yet 179 23) When Columbus (land).in America in 1492, he (not/know) that he (discover) a new continent. 24) When I(arrive) . at the theatre last night, the play (just/begin) 25) I am very nervous because this (be) . . the first time 1 (drive) a car in my life EXERCISE 135 GENERAL EXERCISES (FINDING THE VERBS) Find the necessary "verbs" and put their correct forms

into the blanks. 1) Please. . not . so much noise I am doing my homework 2) Where is Margaret? She . 3) Silvia . 4) The population of the world . 5) Why. 6) Excuse me, 1. a phone box Is there one near here? 7) These days food . more and more expensive 8) Hello. Steve [ 9) The earth . round the sun 10) Nurses . patients in hospitals 11) Rice . not in England 12) In summer Tom . 13) The River Amazon . 14) The kettle . Could you turn it off, please? 15) . those people What language are they speaking? 16) That machine isn't working. It this morning . a bath now . English with ray lather at the moment you very fast. . at me like that? Have 1 said something wrong? . not . . you for ages tennis twice a week. into the Pacific Ocean. 180 17) My parents live in London. They . . there for twenty years 18) Look! Somebody . . that tree over there 19) Do you 20) I usually .

to work by bus 21) You can. my umbrella I don't need it at the moment 22) My father is in London at the moment. lie 23) What . your father . ? -He is a medical doctor 24) Alex. . 25) Does the film . at 330 or at 430? 26) What time . the train at the station this morning? 27) He was going to travel round the world but in the end he . 28) I. 29) The sky is full of black clouds. I think it 30) What would you like . ? -I'll have a lemonade, please 31) Will you please . quiet? 1 am studying English 32) My bicycle has a flat tyre. Can you 33) I think Tom will like the present you . 34) Wait here until I . 35) I’ll phone you as soon as 1 . London 36) I'm going to finish reading this book. Then I'll the dinner ready . God? . . . at the Hilton Hotel married to Helen next month. . his mind . my new dress to the party tomorrow evening . . it for me? . for him . back EXERCISE 136

GENERAL EXERCISES (FINDING THE VERBS) Find the necessary "verbs" and put their correct forms into the blanks. 1) We. not her to the party, so she didn't come 2) . you a good time at the party last night? 3) I was hungry, so I. something to eat 4) Tom's father . him how to drive when he was seventeen 5) Don fell down the stairs this morning and . his leg 6) We needed some money so we. our car 7) Jim. the ball to Sue, who caught it 8) Peter didn't shave this morning because he . not time 9) 1 . not' anything because I was not hungry 10) While we . dinner, Tom came home 181 11) Last night I was reading in bed when suddenly I . a scream 12) I. . not very fast when the accident „ yesterday 13) While I. . the dishes, I broke a plate 14) Peter. a photograph of me while I was not looking 15) I have . my key Can you help me look for it? 16) Are you going to the bank? - No, I. already to the bank 17) I. never a car

before because I haven't got a driving licence 18) Fred. ill a lot in the past few years 19) Hamlet was . . by Shakespeare 20) America was . by Columbus in 1492 21) I. . very tired when I got home 22) What time . Mar}' usually lunch? 23) . you . a swim this morning? 24) Can you . any foreign languages? 25) I. not my mind where I am going to hang that picture 26) What is Jill going to do when she . . from school? 27) Excuse me! Could you tell me how to . the station? 28) What would you do if you . a million pounds? 29) I wish 1. . rich now 30) 1 told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to be . . at 630 31) Her new book will be . into French by me 32) What. to you last night? 33) I. coffee to tea 34) Would you . closing the door, please? 35) Do you . if I smoke? 36) If you don't know the meaning of a word,. . . it up in a dictionary EXERCISE 137 GENERAL EXERCISES (COMPLETION) Complete the following sentences on your own. 1) I make

mistakes when 2) We always take our shoes off before 3) After I get up 4) If pay attention to the traffic signs while 182 5) My sister gets dressed as soon as 6) As soon as f finished my homework, 7) She stayed in bed until 8) Till she gels better, 9) While he was in Paris, 10) When it got dark, 11) She didn't tome to school yesterday because 12) When 1 was very young,

13) While we have a bath, 14) I played tennis before . 15) I turned oil the lights after 16) I am going to let you know as soon as 17) I am going to wait here until 18) I feel nervous whenever 19) Whenever I sing a song, 20) I didn't eat anything because 21) I finished my homework but 22) Shall we ? 23) Let's 24) I wonder how much.

25) Iwonderif 26) Do you know where ? 27) My father doesn't let 28) Do you know who. ? 29) What will you do if ? 30) I wonder how long 31) Was it raining when ? 32) Could you speak English when ? 33) What are you going to do when ? 34) I saw the lion which 35) 1 have had this car since 36) She is the

most beautiful girl I 183 EXERCISE 138 WISHES IN ENGLISH Make a comment for each of the following situations using the structures below to express your wishes for the Present or Future. Example: SUBJECT + WISH + SUBJECT IF ONLY + SUBJECT + THE PAST SIMPLE + THE PAST SIMPLE What a pity that I am a poor man. I wish I were not a poor man. If only I were not a poor man It is a pity that Olga does not love me. I wish Olga loved me. If only Olga loved me 1) It is a pity that I don't know the name of that pretty girl. I wish 2) There is a party this evening, but I have a terrible headache. If only 3) We are very sorry that we live in a city with a lot of air pollution. I wish 4) It is a

shame that we don't have a television set at home. If only 5) Natalie feels sorry that her parents live in misery. Natalie wishes 6) It is a pity that I have to work in the office tomorrow. If only 7) I am very sorry that I am not a king. I wish 8) I am sorry that I cannot speak French as fluently as my father. If only 9) What a pity that I am not as handsome as you are. I wish 10) I am sorry that I have an old father. If only 11) It is a great pity that people do not obey the traffic rules properly. I wish 12) I am very

sorry that I cannot go to the wedding party of my friend. If only 13) What a pity that I am not in London now. I wish 184 EXERCISE 139 WISHES IN ENGLISH Make a comment for each of the following situations using the structure below to express your wishes for the Present or Future. SUBJECT + WISH + SUBJECT IE ONLY + SUBJECT Example: What a pity that I am not living in luxury. + + THE PAST CONTINUOUS THE PAST CONTINUOUS I wish I were living in luxury. If only I were living in luxury. I am sorry that you are teasing my daughter about her spots. I -wish you were not teasing my daughter about her spots. If only you were not teasing my daughter about her spots. 1) It is a pity that I am not going to London with ray father. I wish 2) What a pity that I am not dancing with that beautiful girl now. If

only 3) They are not doing the Polka now and 1 am sorry for that. I wish 4) I am sorry that you are not helping Helen with her homework. If only 5) I cannot see the Queen because you are sitting in front of me. I wish 6) I think you are lying to your father now. If only 7) I am sorry that you are selling your car. I wish 8) It is a pity that you are helping my enemies. If only 9) What a pity that Patricia is not expressing her opinions clearly. I wish 10) What a pity that you are not taking your fathers advice all the

time. 185 If only 11) I am sorry that you are not speaking as clearly as possible. I wish 12) It is a pity that the children are making a lot of noise now. If only 13) What a pity that you are not driving your car very carefully now. I wish EXERCISE 140 WISHES IN ENGLISH Make a comment for each of the following situations using the structure below to express your wishes for the Present or Future. SUBJECT + WISH + SUBJECT + WOULD/COULD + PLAIN INFINITIVE Example: I know that I cannot slop eating too much chocolate. I wish I could stop eating so much chocolate. It is a pity that my father smokes hubble-bubble. I wish my father would stop smoking hubble-bubble. 1) I am sorry that I won’t be able to play tennis as well as Mary does. I wish 2) What a

pity that I won't be able to come to your party on Saturday. I wish 3) It is a pity that your friend smokes too much. I wish 4) According to the weather prediction, it is going to rain tomorrow. I wish 5) My son is not coming to London for Christmas. All the rest of the family will be here I wish 6) Aren't you tired of wearing that old sweater? I wish 7) This clock doesn't function properly. I wish 8) My wife says it is her holiday too, and won't help with the children. I wish 186 9) My husband doesn't try to find a better job. I wish 10) We won't be able to start the English courses in the near future. We wish 11) They are not doing anything for the welfare of Turkey. We wish 12) You are getting married to that girl, but I must warn you that she is bad-tempered. I wish 13) I notice that you are not paying attention to the traffic rules. I wish 14) Margaret is always having her meals at that restaurant. I wish 15) You are not behaving

properly at the party. I wish EXERCISE 141 WISHES IN ENGLISH Make a comment for each of the following situations using the structure below to change other people's irritating habits or behaviour for the Present or Future. SUBJECT + WISH + SUBJECT + WOULD + PLAIN INFINITIVE Example: The children are always asking me for money. I wish the children wouldn't always ask me for money. Your friend is constantly having rows with his wife. I wish he wouldn't constantly have rows with his wife. 1. Our neighbours are always quarrelling It is really irritating I wish our neighbours 2. The children upstairs are making a lot of noise at the moment I wish the children upstairs 3. My sister is always cracking her knuckles in front of visitors I wish my sister 4. My husband doesn't take me out to dinner once a year I wish my 5. The woman doesn't dust the furniture when she comes here I wish the woman 187 6. My brother is perpetually cheating me at cards I wish my

brother 7. My friends are always joking about my moustache I wish my friends 8. The students are constantly yawning in the class I wish the students 9. Your daughter is always asking me silly questions I wish your daughter 10. Miranda is always coming to me with some stupid requests I wish Miranda 11. My father is constantly leaving his socks on the carpet I wish my 12. You are continually finding fault with me I wish you 13. My brother is always playing loud music, I am fed up with it I wish my brother 14. Monica is perpetually biting her nails I wish Monica 15. Helga is constantly tapping her foot like that It is driving me crazy I wish Helga. EXERCISE 142 WISHES IN ENGLISH Make a comment for each of the following situations using the structure below to express your wishes for the Past. SUBJECT + WISH IF ONLY Example: + SUBJECT + THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE + SUBJECT + THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE It is a pity that I spent all my money on clothes yesterday. I wish I had not spent all my

money on clothes yesterday. I am sorry that I didn't tell him the truth last night. If only I had told him the truth last night. 1) What a pity that I didn't work for that company until 1 got married. I wish I 2) I didn't learn Spanish when 1 was in Madrid, and now I am sorry for that. 188 If only I 3) I left the house before my friend came and I am sorry for that. I wish I 4) I am sorry that I didn't wear my new dress to Helen's party last night. If only I 5) Lillian stole her friend's lighter last week, and now she feels very sorry for it. Lillian wishes she 6) Tina has just painted the door red. Now she thinks that it doesn’t look nice If only Tina 7) Gila mixed up all kinds of drinks last night, and now she has got a terrible headache. Gila wishes she 8) It is a pity that my father got wet, because he had not taken his umbrella yesterday If only my father 9) Lucy didn't look after her mother when she was sick, and now she is sorry

for it. Lucy wishes she 10) It is a pity that they couldn't take any pictures, because they had not brought their camera. If only they 11) I didn't get married to the girl I loved, and now I arn very sorry for it. I wish I 12) I was rude to my friend yesterday, and now I am very sorry. If only I 13) What a pity that I couldn't buy the car I desired, because I didn't have enough money. I wish I 14) My sister got up very early this morning, and now she is very sleepy. If only my sister EXERCISE 143 THE PASSIVE (ALL TENSES) Put the correct "Passive Forms of the Verbs" in brackets in the following sentences. A. THE PRESENT SIMPLE : Example: Atatürk . . by everybody all over the world, (love) Atatürk is loved by everybody all over the world. 189 1) I. 2) English. . a piece of advice by my teacher every day (give) . all over the world, (speak) 3) 3. You . by your father every day (punish) 4) 4. Our children . 5) 5. Thousands of

rare birds . . by die doctor every month, (examine) . by hunters every year, (kill) 6) You . to go there if you are not a Christian, (not, allow) 7) The Olympic Games . 8) The President of Turkey . . every four years, (play) . by Turkish people, (not, elect) 9) My shirts . by my mother, (always, iron) 10) This medicine . . every four hours, (take) B. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS : Example: My daughter. . an interview by the manager now (give) My daughter is being given an interview by the manager now. 1) 1. The flowers . 2) 2. The criminals . . by the gardener at the moment, (water) . by the detectives now (question) 3) This case . by Scotland Yard now (investigate) 4) An inquiry . . into the cause of the lire, (make) 5) Research . . to find a cure for cancer every day (do) 6) My friend . . by that famous surgeon next week, (operate on) 7) The big lorry . . by the customs officer at the moment, (check) 8) The exam papers .

9) Animals . 10) The thieves . . by the teacher at the moment, (mark) . for experimentation, (always, use) . by the police car now (follow) C. THE PAST SIMPLE : Example : I think the Eiffel Tower. in 1889 (construct) I think the Eiffel Tower was constructed in 1889. 1) The king of Nepal . 2) He. . . by his own son, Dipendra (murder) . to prison for embezzling his client's money, (send) 3) America . by Christopher Columbus in 1492 (discover) 4) The fire . by an electrical fault in the television yesterday, (cause) 5) The Statue of Liberty . to the United States by the French government, (give) 6) The conference . under the auspices of the United Nations, (hold) 7) The house . by an earthquake last night, (damage) 8) The airplane . by the Wright Brothers, (invent) 9) The accused. to five year imprisonment by the jury, (sentence) 10) The Prime Minister. by the performance of Haris Alexiou (impress) 190 D. THE PAST CONTINUOUS: Example: The men . .

very closely by the police, (watch) The men were being watched very closely by the police. 1) The injured man died while he . to (the) hospital, (take) 2) I saw that two hooligans . by the police, (beat) 3) My shirts . by my sister when 1 entered the room, (iron) 4) The lost sheep . by the shepherd, (look for) 5) The corpse . by a pathologist to determine the cause of death, (examine) 6) Did you notice that old houses . yesterday? (pull down) 7) We . by a private detective, (follow) 8) The letters. by the secretary when Eliza came, (write) 9) The wheels of the car . by the mechanic this morning, (change) 10) Lora’s car . to a garage this morning, (tow hack) E. THE FUTURE SIMPLE: Example: The match . if it doesn't rain, (play) The match will be played if it doesn't rain. 1) I am sure the escaped prisoners . within ten days, (catch) 2) All the prisoners in Turkey . next year, (release) 3) A peace treaty. between the European countries in

the future, (sign) 4) 4. The results of the examination by the time we arrive, (announce) 5) The new hospital . before the end of the year, (complete) 6) I hope that one day a cure for Aids . (find) 7) We . a new song by the teacher on Friday, (teach) 8) The old radio . by the man we saw at the meeting, (repair) 9) Our troops . by the general tomorrow, (inspect) 10) The football game . by millions of people tonight, (watch) E BE GOING TO (FUTURE FORM) : Example: The letter . by the secretary tomorrow, (fax) The letter is going to be faxed by the secretary tomorrow. 1) A comedy by Shakespeare . by the teachers of the school, (put on) 2) The car . by the mechanic in the afternoon, (repair) 3) This orchestra . by a girl of sixteen, (conduct) 4) I . to London by the Turkish Navy, (send) 5) This play . by the students next month, (perform) 6) The students . to the circus by the teacher tomorrow, (take) 191 7) The furniture we ordered .

to your home next month, (deliver) 8) You . very closely by the police, I think, (watch) 9) The board . by the student before the teacher comes, (clean) 10) The flowers . by my father in the morning, (water) G. THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE: Example: The student. to Paris for a year, (send) The students have been sent to Paris for a year. 1) The costumes have been made but they. 2) The escaped prisoner . . yet. (not, iron) . by the police, (just, catch) 3) I . by the doctor since last month, (not, examine) 4) The living room . . since we moved, (not, paint) 5) In most countries, capital punishment. . (abolish) . 6) A large area in Turkey . by a major earthquake, (shake) 7) A lot of new laws . . by the new government this year, (make) 8) A new air conditioner. in our office today, (install) 9) I think you . . the wrong address, (give) 10) We . that Oksana is going to get married soon, (tell) H. THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE: Example : Mandy

asked me if I . to the wedding party, (invite) Mandy asked me if I had been invited to the wedding party 1) I noticed that the wrecked car . yet (not, take away) 2) Kate was annoyed after she . by the man (cheat) 3) Angela . by her boss some months before we met her (dismiss) 4) Julia said that the new hotel. by the Prime Minister, (just, open) 5) The jet. by the mechanic when we got to the hangar, (not, check) 6) Most of the questions . correctly by the candidates, (answer) 7) The man who . by a snake was given a serum, (bite) 8) He wondered if the murderer . by the police, (catch) 9) All the questions . before the exam began, (prepare) 10) The letter . by my father before you came here, (write) I. THE FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE: Example: By the time you arrive, your car . . , I think, (repair) By the time you arrive, your car will have been repaired, I think. 192 1) All nuclear weapons . within ten years, 1 think, (destroy) 2)

We . to the island by the end of this month, (send) 3) The answer to this question . before they come here, (find) 4) The city . by the enemy before our soldiers arrive there, (capture) 5) Three hundred new houses . by the end of next year, (build) 6) The injured man . to hospital within half an hour, (take) 7) You 8) All the chocolates . by the children before we get there, (eat) 9) Your bicycle . by the time we finish our homework, (repair) 10) All the questions . before the teacher comes here, (prepare) . by the doctor before ten o'clock, (examine) EXERCISE 144 THE PASSIVE (ALL TENSES) Put the following sentences into the "Passive Voice". A. THE PRESENT SIMPLE: Active : a. the mechanic checks the brakes every month Passive: b. the brakes are checked by the mechanic ever month 1. a The police protect the city day and night b 2. a My sister irons my shirts and trousers every week b.

3. a The Prime Minister visits this hospital every year b. 4. a Turkish people elect the Members of Parliament every five years 5. a My mother usually picks up mushrooms in the early morning b 6. a Bank robbers generally wear stocking masks b. 7. a The Prime Minister sets up the government in Turkey according to the present laws b 8. a My company sends me to London every month b 9. a The doctor examines the patients early in the morning b 10. a They obtain different products From crude oil 193 b. B. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS: Active : a. the

police car is following the criminals Passive: b. the criminals are being followed by the police car 1. a The British Council is considering Helena for the job b. 1. a The police are watching the terrorists very closely b. 3. a The police are holding the thief for further questioning b. 4. a The doctor is examining her in front of the other students b. 5. a The students are singing our national anthem at the moment b. 6. a The lawyers are discussing this case for the first time b. 7. a The director is interviewing all the applicants for the post b. 8. a The man is driving the car very

carelessly b. 9. a They are installing a new air conditioner in our office today b. 10. a The manager is always criticizing my friends b. C. THE PAST SIMPLE: Active : a. the teacher explained the subject very well yesterday Passive: b. the subject was explained very well by the teacher yesterday 1. a The traffic police fined my father for driving dangerously the other day b. 2. a The force of the explosion shattered all the windows last night b. 3. a The doctor gave the wrong prescription the other day b. 4. a The nurse sterilized the instruments before the operation b. 194 5. a They

confiscated Peter's passport a couple of weeks ago b. 6. a Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founded the Turkish Republic on 23rd, April, 1923 b. 7. a The man reported the theft to the police immediately b. 8. a The Russian spies stole the plans of the atomic bomb b. 9. a The students answered all the questions in the exam b. !0. a The lawyer defended the accused very well b. D. THE PAST CONTINUOUS: Active : a. the police were looking for the murderer Passive : b. the murderer was being looked for by the police 1. a The students were singing our national anthem when it began to rain b. 2. a My

mother was watering the flowers while we were having a rest b. 3. a The economists were discussing a lax problem when the lights went out b. 4. a We moved aside while the students were carrying the chairs into the room b. 5. a My father was repairing the car when the earthquake took place b. 6. a The firemen were putting the fire out when the police arrived b. 7. a The old woman was doing the dishes at the time of the accident b. 8. a My father was punishing the naughty child for bad conduct b. 9. a The teacher was taking the children to the circus when we arrived there b.

10. a They were building a nuclear power plant next to the military zone b. E. THE FUTURE SIMPLE: 195 Active : a. The Prime Minister will sign the peace treaty next week Passive: b. the peace treaty will be signed by the Prime Minister next week 1. a The committee will announce the names of the Nobel Prize winners b. 2. a They will complete the new bridge before the end of this year b. 3. a We will never forget the Beatles b. 4. a The boy will throw the stone at the poor dog b. 5. a The principal will send the parcel to my father tomorrow b. 6. a A famous surgeon will perform the operation tomorrow morning

b. 7. a The President of Turkey will make an important speech about the impostors tonight b. 8. a The soldiers will defend the castle bravely b. 9. a The people who are the ardent supporters of Fenerbahce will celebrate the victory b. 10. a The military doctor will examine all the wounded soldiers in the afternoon b. F. BE GOING TO: Active : a. the enemy submarine is going to sink the German destroyer Passive : b. The German destroyer is going to be sunk by the enemy submarine 1. a They are going to take me to hospital if 1 don't get over my shock b. 2. a The woman is going to clean all the carpets in the house b.

3. a The teacher is going to send her into the garden b. 4- a. The students are going to perform the play in June b. 5. a My father is going to sell our old car next month b. 196 6. a People are going to use a lot of solar energy in the near future b. 7. a My daughter is going to memorize a lot of dialogues, b. 8. a The teacher is going to correct all the mistakes in my composition b. 9. a My mother is going to keep this medicine out of the reach of children b. 10. a The candidates are going to answer all the questions in two hours b.

G. THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE: Active : a. the children have taken the injured woman to hospital Passive : b. the injured woman has been taken to hospital by the children 1. a The tourists have made a lot of complaints about the soaring prices b. 2. a The captain of the ship has changed the course of the ship b. 3. a Scientists have made great progress in the conquest of space b. 4. a The students have put forward many ideas to solve the problem b. 5. a The police have arrested the man who robbed the bank last week b. 6. a The soldiers have just shot down the United States war-plane b. 7. a They have found the

missing child's bicycle in the river b. 8. a The boss has not interviewed the applicants yet b. 9. a George has already painted the wall b. 10. a The children have already seen the film b. H. THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE: Active : a. my father had written the letters before we had dinner Passive: b. the letters had been written by my father before we had dinner 197 1. a My mother had brought up Diana after the death of her mother b. 2. a People had parked their cars before the police came b b. 3. a The police had issued a description of the wanted man before the arrest b. 4. a The

earthquake had shaken the hotel violently when we heard the news b. 5. a The students had broken the window of the room before the exam started b. 6. a Doctors had reported a case of small pox when the Premier made a speech b. 7. a The robbers had already robbed the bank when dawn broke b. 8. a The blackmailer had threatened the woman before she informed the police b. 9. a They had vaccinated us before we left Paris for London b. 10. a They had used the room for the clandestine meetings b. 1. THE FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE: Active : a. they will have sold the old car within two weeks Passive: b.

the old car will have been sold within two weeks 1. a The student will have written the letter by the time we come back b. 2. a They will have decorated the Christmas tree before midnight b. 3. a We will have paid the electric bill by the end of this month b. 4. a You will have forgotten all your troubles by next week b. 5. a They will have found a remedy for cancer within three years b. 6. a They will have released all the prisoners by the time a new election is held b. 7. a The teacher will have explained the lesson by noon 198 b. 8. a We will have visited all the museums before we leave

Istanbul for Paris b. 9. a They will have painted our house by the time we come back b. 10. a The mechanic will have repaired your car by the time we have dinner b. EXERCISE 145 THE PASSIVE (ALL TENSES) Put the sentences into the other lenses as in the example below. Example: The car is repaired by the mechanic. 1. The Present Simple 2. The Present Continuous 3. The Past Simple 4. The Past Continuous 5. The Future Simple 6. Be Going to 7. The Future Continuous 8. The Present Perfect Simple 9. The Past Perfect Simple 10. The Future Perfect Simple 11. The Present Conditional 12. The Perfect Conditional The car is repaired by the mechanic. The car is being repaired by the mechanic. The car was repaired by the mechanic. The car was being repaired by the mechanic. The car will be repaired by the mechanic. The car is

going to be repaired by the mechanic. The car will be being repaired by the mechanic. The car has been repaired by the mechanic. The car had been repaired by the mechanic. The car will have been repaired by the mechanic. The car would be repaired by the mechanic. The car would have been repaired by the mechanic. 199 1. I am examined by the doctor 1) I am examined by the doctor. 2) -------------------------------------------------------3) -------------------------------------------------------4) -------------------------------------------------------5) -------------------------------------------------------6) -------------------------------------------------------7) -------------------------------------------------------8) -------------------------------------------------------9) -------------------------------------------------------10) -------------------------------------------------------- 11) -------------------------------------------------------- 12)

-------------------------------------------------------- 1) The Prime Minister is criticized by his opponents. 2) The criminal are questioned by the detectives. 3) The naughty boy is punished by his father. 4) The mistakes are corrected by the teacher. 5) Stocking masks are worn by bank robbers. 6) You are watched very closely by the police. 7) The peace treaty is signed by the Prime Minister. 8) I am tortured by your difficult questions. 9) My mother is taken to the cinema by my brother. 200 EXERCISE 146 THE PASSIVE Answer the following questions in the "Affirmative" and "Negative". Example: Are you loved by your parents? a. Yes, I am loved my parents b. No, I am not loved by my parents, 1. Were you examined by the doctor yesterday? a. Yes, b. No, 2. Will your car be repaired tomorrow? a. Yes, b. No, 3. Were you brought up by your grandfather? a. Yes, b. No, 4. Have you ever been invited to dinner by a stranger? a. Yes, b. No, 201

5. Is your father's car being repaired by the mechanic now? a. Yes, b. No, 6. Has a new museum been opened in the city centre? a. Yes, b. No, 7. Is your father paid at the end of the month? a. Yes, b. No, 8. Do you want to be sent to the moon? a. Yes, b. No, 9. Do you hate being treated like a child? a. Yes, b. No, 10. Is football liked by everybody in Turkey? a. Yes, b. No, 11. Have all the mistakes been corrected by the teacher so far? a. Yes, b. No, EXERCISE 147 THE PASSIVE Answer the following questions using the words in bracket. Give the answers in the "Passive Voice" Example: A: Who wrote Hamlet? (William Shakespeare) B: Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare. 1. A: Who composed the Magic Flute? (WA Mozart) B: 2. A: Who played James Bond in 'Gold Finger'? (Sean Connery) B: 3. A: Who wrote ' War and Peace'? (Leo Tolstoy)

B: 4. A: Who invented the character of Sherlock Holmes? (Canon Doyle) 202 B: 5. A: Who invented the radio? (Marconi) B: 6. A: Who sang 'Heartbreak Hotel'? (Elvis Presley) B: 7. A: Who discovered America? (Christopher Columbus) B: 8. A: Who painted the Mona Lisa? (Leonardo Da Vinci) B: 9. A: Who built the Selimiye Mosque? (Mimar Sinan) B: 10. A: Who invented the telephone? (Alexander Bell) B: 11. A: Who discovered Penicillin? (Dr Alexander Fleming) B: 12. A: What

overturned the little boat? (A huge wave) B: 13. A: Who showed the new An Gallery to the tourists? (Our Tourist Guide) B: 14. A: Who sent the first man into space? (The Russians) B: 15. A: Who cleaned the board in your classroom? (The English teacher) B: 16. A: Who makes the best tea in the world? (The English) B: EXERCISE 148 THE PASSIVE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION) Write questions for the bold typed words in the following sentences. Example: A: Who was taken to (the) hospital last night? B: My grandfather was taken to (the) hospital last night. 1. A: 203 B: The match will be cancelled by the referee. 2. A: B: Two

children were killed by [lie mob the other day. 3. A: B: The mechanic was repairing my uncle's car at the service station. 4. A: B: The air conditioner must be repaired by the mechanic. 5. A: B: A shower must be taken before entering the pool. 6. A: B: John has been called a liar by the mayor. 7. A: B: Smith has been arrested three times before. 8. A: B: The students were sent to London on Monday. 9. A: B: The car was damaged by the explosion yesterday. 10. A: B: The tourists were being questioned by the police at the police station. 11. A: B: A young man has been put in prison because he has committed a

crime. 12. A: B: The hell has been rung three times. 13. A: B: Smokers are often treated unfairly. 14. A: B: Works of art are kept in the museums. 15. A: B: Babies are named after they are born. 16. A: B: The house was destroyed by fire. 17 A: B: Coca-cola is liked all over the world. 204 EXERCISE 149 THE PASSIVE (UNIMPORTANT SUBJECT) Put the following sentences into the "Passive Voice" without using the "Agent". Example: Active : Passive Someone has left this book on the floor. : This book has been left on the floor. 1. People play football in most countries of the world 2. Someone has stolen my car 3. Somebody pushed me into the river yesterday 4. People speak Arabic in some countries 5. They were pulling

down all the houses in the district 6. We insist on punctuality in this office 7. We have settled this matter by peaceful means 8. Somebody has written the main points on the board 9. Nobody has looked at that book for years 10. People are using computers in all kinds of work 11. You cannot do anything about these people 12. They obtain protein from a variety of foods 13. They do not allow you more than three books 14. Nobody has heard of Mary since she went to live in Madrid 15. They have put off their wedding for six months 16. Nobody has invited the doctor to the garden party 17. Someone is taking care of this mailer now 205 EXERCISE 150 THE PASSIVE (VERBS TAKING TWO OBJECTS) Put the following sentences into the "Passive Voice". Example: Active : The doctor sent Matilda a lovely present. Passive: a. Matilda was sent a lovely present by the doctor b. A lovely present was sent (to) Matilda by the doctor 1. The teacher asked Rose a difficult question a. Rose .

b. A difficult question 2. Carmen taught Tom the meaning of love a. To b. The meaning of love 3. Selcuk bought Olga a white horse a. Olga b. A while horse 4. Susan will write George a love letter a. George b. A love teller 5. The new teacher has given us our exam papers a. We . b. Our exam papers 6. The rich man left Belinda a large fortune a. Belinda b. A large fortune . . 7. The professor was explaining the students the origin of the universe a. The students . b. The origin of the universe . 8. Linda is showing the man the picture of the blue whale a. The man b. The picture of the blue whale 206 9. Carol tells the students the answer to the question a. The students b. The answer to the question 10. The farmer had offered Julia a glass of milk a. Julia b. A glass of milk . 11. My father read the girls the life of Atatürk a. The girls b. The life of Atatürk EXERCISE 151 THE PASSIVE (VERBS TAKING TWO OBJECTS)

Put the following sentences into the "Passive Voice". Example: Active Passive: : The man gave the book to the teacher. a. the teacher was given the book by the man b. The hook was given (to) the teacher by the man 1) The judges have given the first prize to the gardener. a. The gardener . . . . b. The first prize . . . . . . . 2) Susan wrote a letter of complaints to the Prime Minister last week. a. The Prime Minister . b. A letter of complaints . . . . . . . 3) The man brought a lot of flowers for all the ladies. a. All the ladies b. A lot of flowers . . . . 4) Tom is choosing a present for the beautiful girl in the corner. a. The beautiful girl in the corner . . b. A present 5) The artist is sending the picture to a rich American film star. a. A rich American film star . b. The picture 6) The dog brought the ball to the lady standing over there. a.

The lady standing over there . . . b. The ball 207 . . 7) My mother has saved some sweets for the other children. a. The other children . . . . . . . . b. Some sweets 8) Mrs. Brown is making a dress for the woman living on the top floor a. The woman living on the top floor b. A dress . . . . . . . . . . 9) The president promised a prize to anyone who could answer all the questions, a. Anyone who could answer all the questions . . b. A prize 10) The boss offered the job to a young girl of seventeen. a. A young girl of seventeen . b. The job . . . . . . . . . . . 11) Angela showed the new born baby to the visitors. a. The visitors . . b. The new born baby . . . . . . EXERCISE 152 THE PASSIVE (MIXED TENSES) Complete the sentences with the correct Passive forms of the "verbs" in brackets. Example:

Slavery . in England in the 19th century, (abolish) Slavery was abolished in England in the 19th century. 1) My father . a gold watch when he retired, (give) 2) A fire broke out in the building; luckily everybody. (evacuate) 3) You . out by the teacher if you go on talking like that, (send) 4) The house . 5) The woman who lived next door. last week, (arrest) 6) The villa . by public auction in two weeks' time, (sell) 7) My car . by the mechanic at the moment, (repair) 8) I wish I. how to use a computer when 1 was at school, (teach) 9) The building . ten minutes before the explosion took place, (evacuate) 10) As they. by the tragedy, they didn't know what to say (shock) 11) The singer . some flowers after the concert the other day (send) 12) His house burned down and according to the inspector the fire .by lightning, (cause) 13) Last week I. a job at a local bank but I didn't accept it (offer) by Rose by the time we got there,

(already, clean) 208 14) In my country, prices . by the government, (control) 15) When you arrive at the airport, you . by a friend of mine, (meet) 16) Sun tan cream can prevent your skin from.by the harmful effects of the sun's rays(damage) 17) I don't mind. but 1 do when such dreadful insults are used, (insult) 18) When Mount Vesuvius in Italy blew up, the people and animals in the town of Pompeii. under a thick layer of ash. (bury) 19) I am not sure if Smith . to be a trusty witness by the court tomorrow, (consider) 20) John . to Buddhism by a Chinese priest last week, (convert) 21) I put all my money in a bank because 1 was afraid of ., (burgle) 22) The old man was not satisfied with what the students . (teach) 23) The first conference on waste disposal. 24) He was very happy because he . a better job in London, (offer) 25) Champagne. first in the seventeenth century (make) 26) The search was abandoned when night came even though

the child of the woman .(not, find) 27) She was the first woman who . to Parliament, (elect) 28) By the time Einstein was thirty years old, his most important theories. (publish) 29) His trousers were too long and had to . (shorten) 30) Honest politicians cannot . easily nowadays, (find) 31) I want this door . 32) It cannot. that smoking is dangerous to health, (deny) 33) We strongly believe that our rights 34) Look at those dirty walls! They must . 35) The government . by a vole of no confidence yesterday, (bring dow) 36) The President wants this law . . 37) He hired a car while his own car . by the mechanic, (repair) 38) I want to watch her while she . by the surgeon, (operate on) 39) Before the sun rose, breakfast. by my mother, (prepare) 40) His car got lost last week, and it. yet (not, find) 41) If I . 42) The garden . 43) A lot of wells . by the time we comeback to Turkey, (open) 44) When 1 arrived at the

scene of the accident, the road . for traffic, (already, open) 45) There is no room in the garden for a swimming pool. 46) 1 was there while his injury . .by a nurse, (bandage) 47) If you obeyed the traffic rules, you . . (not, fine) 48) 1 wish my car . last year, (not, sell) . . . . in Istanbul today, (hold) . at night (lock) . . . by law. (protect) . as soon as possible, (paint) by the Parliament, (reconsider) . I will go to the wedding party (invite) . three times this week, (water) 209 . (build) 49) The wounded man said that he didn't see by whom he . (shoot) 50) We all stood up while our national anthem . (sing) 51) The Japanese discovered that many of their warships . . by the United States submarines, (sink) 52) The man has died today because he . by a snake yesterday, (bite) 53) The door . blue now (paint) 54) Everything must. according to the present laws, (do) 55) Insane people . in

special hospitals, (treat) 56) Radiation . to treat cancer nowadays, (widely, use) 57) Jim went home as soon as the work . by the workers, (finish) 58) The damage to the eyes had been recorded by the specialist technicians by the time the test . (complete) 59) An important speech 60) Life . to have begun first in the seas, (say) 61) The bad news . throughout the building by loudspeaker when we got there, . , by The Premier tomorrow, (deliver) (relay) 62) The lady . . her handbag while she was walking in the street, (rob of) 63) It . that Rome is a marvellous city, (say) 64) That old school building . by the end of this month, (demolish) 65) All the escaped prisoners . by the police before it gets dark, (catch) EXERCISE 153 ACTIVE - PASSIVE Complete the following sentences with the correct "Active" or "Passive Forms of the "verbs" in brackets. Example: The search. when it The search was abandoned when it got

dark, 210 . dark, (abandon / get) 1) Caesar . to death by his best friend, Brutus, in Rome, (stab) 2) While I. at the window, 1 saw the accident, (sit) 3) The film which . on TV at the moment is very boring, (show) 4) The thief who . the woman last week has not been caught yet (kill) 5) What is the name of the boy whose bicycle . last night? (steal) 6) Many lives would have been lost if penicillin . (not, discover) 7) While the thief. by the police, he jumped over the fence, (chase) 8) The curtains haven't been washed since they . last year, (put up) 9) They . the winner with a silver cup yesterday, (present) 10) They always make a noise whenever I . to do my homework, (try) 11) I by my father if I don't do my homework, (always, beat) 12) She .: a terrible headache last night, (have) 13) These houses . between 1980 and 1990 (build) 14) 1 am not accustomed to . in that way (treat) 15) The Berlin wall. in 1990-(knock down) 16)

The train . for two hours last night because of the snow, (hold up) 17) While he . in France, he was killed by a Russian spy (fight) 18) The frog turned into a prince when it. (kiss) 19) We .,„„„„„„„„„„„„ a rest while the car is being repaired by the mechanic, (have) 20) After he . from the company, he opened up a supermarket, (sack) 21) This method . to cure the patients who are mentally ill (use) 22) The situation is getting worse, something. at once, (must, do) 23) The rules of the game . when 1 entered the playground, (already, explain) 24) Helen . the flowers to the teacher yesterday, (send) 25) Rose and Tom . 26) David . in hospital ever since the accident happened, (be) 27) The man who was bitten by a snake . 28) After the letter . , he went for a walk an hour ago (write) 29) Football . in many countries, (play) 30) The bank . many times since this economical crisis began, (rob) 31) The Tower of London

. as a prison many years ago (use) 32) My brother . French since he came to Istanbul, (study) 33) You are not allowed to smoke until the plane . (land) 34) Since 1 phoned you this morning, I. 35) The car looked as if it . . . by the captain of the ship the other day. (marry) . to hospital tomorrow, (take) . my clothes yet (not, change) . for months, (not, clean) 211 36) We could call him if we . his telephone number, (know) 37) In many parts of the world trees and takes . . . 38) We didn't know the reason why he . . . us (leave) 39) If students don't pay attention, nothing 40) While the tank . , I was having a chat with Helen, (fill) 41) People . 42) After their mother died, the two daughters . 43) The chair had to be thrown away because Us springs . (break down) 44) You . by the police until you tell the truth, (question) 45) More than one language . m Switzerland, (speak) 46) The atomic bomb .

47) The author doesn't mind . 48) When I was offered this job, I . it immediately, (accept) 49) In the end, it . 50) The weather . terrible yesterday, so all the flights were cancelled, (be) 51) Up to now, nothing . from the lost pilots, (hear) 52) The last ticket had been, sold just before we . 53) This cat . food twice a day (must, give) 54) The prize money . equally between the two winners yesterday, (share) 55) The judge was taken it just after trial . (begin) 56) Trams . in several European countries, (still, use) 57) I am sure you . very well in the exam last week, (do) 58) This house . for ten years, (not, paint) 59) My cousin was evicted from his flat because he . 60) The sheep . to the market by the shepherd tomorrow, (take) 61) The doctor . the patient the wrong prescription yesterday (give) 62) While our house . , we stayed in a tent, (repair) 63) When he was threatened by

the blackmailer, he . 64) My sister wants her son . 65) We . that the fire had been started by a cigarette, (think) 66) They said that the riot. 67) If you . . drugs, you are put in jail, (smuggle) 68) We . . to discuss political matters at school, (forbid) 69) We. 70) I . my mind to buy a new car (already, make up) . . . . . by acid rain, (destroy) . by them, (can, learn) . French in many parts of Europe (speak) . . . by their aunt, (bring up) . in the Atlantic Ocean at the moment, (test) by his friends, (critize) . that Joe was the thief, (discover) . . . . . . the box office, (gel to) . the rent, (not, pay) the police, (inform) . to the United Slates, (send) . by the anarchists, (start) . this country according to the present laws, (rule) 212 EXERCISE 154 THE PASSIVE (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES) Change the following sentences into the "Second" and "Third" conditionals. Example:

a. fl am found guilty, I will be sent to prison b. If I were found guilty, 1 would be sent to prison c. If I had been found guilty, 1 would have been sent to prison 1. a If the painting is bought, it will be hung in the gallery B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. a He will be tried in court if he is arrested B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. a If the German team is beaten, the Turkish footballers will be rewarded

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. a Where will you work if you are appointed manager? B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. a If you do not study hard, you will be punished by your teacher B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. a If it does not rain, a lot of crops will be lost

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. a I will be frightened by the horror film if you do not stay at home B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. a If the soldiers are examined by the doctor, they will be sent to the front B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------213 C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. a If the children are taken to the zoo, they will enjoy themselves

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. a If you do not lock the car, it will be stolen by the car thieves B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXERCISE 155 THE PASSIVE (THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS) Put the following sentences into the "Passive Voice". Example: Active : The doctor must examine the child before it is too late. Passive : The child must be examined by the doctor before it is too late. 1. The students have to answer all the questions properly 2. We had better summon a doctor right away. 3. The Turkish workers ought to construct the suspension bridge. 4. My

mother may look after your baby if you give her some money 5. The teachers must check these books very carefully 6. All the guests must vacate their rooms by twelve o'clock tomorrow. 7. We need to fix the date of the next meeting. 8. You had better iron your father's shirts in the evening. 9. The referee has to cancel the match because of the bad weather. 10. The police had to stop our car because we were going too fast. 11. The teacher used to explain the lesson every morning. 12. They had to exhibit the new machine at the Agricultural Fair. 13. The students may discuss these subjects at the meeting tomorrow. 14. They can only prevent smuggling by means of international laws. 15. All drivers should obey the new traffic laws. 16. You ought to take the money to the police station at once. 214 EXERCISE 156 THE PASSIVE (THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS) Change the following sentences into the "Passive Voice", using the "Perfect Passive"

structures below. Example: MUST + HAVE BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE CAN'T + HAVE BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE COULD + HAVE BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE MAY + HAVE BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE MIGHT + HAVE BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE SHOULD + HAVE BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE OUGHT TO + HAVE BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE Active : The student must have taken the book. Passive : The book must have been taken by the student. Active The student can't have taken the book. : Passive : The book can’t have been taken by the student. 1) A fish must have swallowed the gold ring. 2) They must have built this house when I was born. 3) They should have rewarded the soldier for his bravery. 215 4) The police might have arrested the man if we had not told him the truth. 5) The teacher may have corrected the mistakes by mistake. 6) The girl could have sold all the flowers if it had not rained so heavily. 7) They should have sent the application form last week. 8) The referee ought to have

warned the player for his bad conduct. 9) They might have beaten the Romans if they had invented the plane. 10) The workers could have finished the work if they had not played backgammon. 11) The students might have answered all the questions if they had been careful. 12) The doctor can't have written this prescription because he was not in Turkey. EXERCISE 157 THE PASSIVE GERUND Put the verbs in brackets into the "Passive Gerund" forms using the following structure. TO TREAT : ACTIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE TO BE TREATED : PASSIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE BEING TREATED : PASSIVE GERUND Example: I don’t like . like a child, (treat) I don't like being treated like a child. I don't like my son . . . like a child, (treat) I don’t like, my son being treated like a child. 1) I don't like animals . in captivity, (keep) 216 2) I can’t stand . by a girl, (beat) 3) I saw the convict. 4) My father doesn't like.

waiting, (keep) 5) My children enjoy . by their teachers, (praise) 6) I don't remember . to the wedding party, (invite) 7) Hilda dislikes . by her students while she is teaching, (interrupt) 8) My brother hates 9) Instead of . to prison, the shoplifter was set free, (send) 10) I can't endure . by the smugglers, (swindle) 11) Melissa loves. by her boyfriends, (take out) 12) I object to the car . on the pavement (leave) 13) I saw many houses . in our area when I was there (build) 14) When I saw the horse . cruelly, I felt angry, (beat) 15) I was disappointed in. like a child, (treat) 16) I was angry at. by the children when I was on holiday (disturb) 17) The man is conscious of . 18) These books should be thrown away after . (read) 19) The other day Rose narrowly escaped. (run over) 20) She misses. by her friends in the evenings, (visit) 21) I was frightened of. alone in the house at nights,

(leave) 22) I avoided. by the traffic police yesterday, (fine) 23) If you kill a human being, you cannot escape. (punish) 24) Are you afraid of . ? (hurt) 25) My friend resents . taking the money from the safe, (accuse of) 26) The eggs should be boiled or fried before . (eat) 27) I saw the man. by the police, (arrest) . by the police, (take away) . fun of by his friends, (make) . by the police day and night, (watch) EXERCISE 158 THE PASSIVE (PASSIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE) Put the verbs in brackets into the "Passive Present Infinitive". TO KISS : ACTIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE 217 TO BE KISSED Example : : PASSIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE I want. my mother every morning, (kiss) I want to kiss my mother every morning. I want. by my mother every morning, (kiss) I want to be kissed by my mother every morning. 1) A: What does the old woman wish? B: The old woman wishes . in this cemetery (bury) 2) A: What does the patient want? B: The

patient wants . by this doctor, (examine) 3) A: What is the matter? B: There are several letters . by Friday, (answer) 4) A: What do you want? B: I want. early tomorrow morning, (wake up) 5) A: What does that woman want? B: That woman wants . . by everybody (love) 6) A: What is your father hoping? B: My father is hoping . a member of this party, (elect) 7) A: What is she expecting? B: She is expecting. for what she has done, (reward) 8) A: What are you so worried about? B: The roof of my house needs . immediately, (repair) 9) A: What will happen tomorrow? B: The hospital is going. by the Prime Minister tomorrow (visit) 10) A: Why is your son so nervous? B: He is waiting . the interview (call for) 11) A: Are you busy today? B: Yes, there is a lot of work. today, (do) 12) A: Why are you so sad? B: I am very sad; I don't want. as an invalid any longer, (treat) 13) A: What do you think about these customs and laws? B: We want these laws . as soon as

possible (abolish) 14) A: When shall I send this application form to the office? B: The application form has . to the office by Friday, (send) 15) A: What doesn't the teacher want? B: The teacher doesn't want . by the students, (criticize) 218 EXERCISE 159 THE PASSIVE (PASSIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE) Put the "verbs" in brackets into the "Passive Present Infinitive". Example : I want these letters . . .in English, (write) I want these letters to be written in English. 1) 1. The captain ordered the ship 2) 2. 1 would like this car to the garage, (take) 3) 3. The woman wanted her children 4) 4. The officer ordered the Hag 5) 5. We expect great changes this year, (make) 6) 6. We were waling for the shops at nine o'clock, (open) 7) 7. I ordered the fugitive by the guardians, (punish) 8) 8. They wanted the piano by John at the party, (play) 9) 9. My mother wants the carpets . . Tree,

(set) . right away, (hoist up) 10) The patient didn't want his illness . 11) The teacher wanted the letters . immediately, (abandon) . by the man (beat) . (cure of) . into Spanish, (translate) 12) I am expecting my son . . to London, (send) 13) I will order him . . if he does that again, (beat) . 14) Do you want the child . , 15) Does she want her car . . 16) She doesn't allow her picture . 17) Monica ordered the car by next Monday? (repair) . in the art gallery, (exhibit) . 18) We don't want animals . . by the doctor now? (examine) . by the driver, (fetch) . in cages, (keep) 19) Do you want German and French . . 20) Don't you want your children . . 21) We wish Atatürk. . . . at this school? (teach) . by your maid? (kiss) . by everybody all over the world, (respect) 22) I want these subjects . . 23) Did you expect political matters . by the students? (discuss) 24) Did they want the criminal . 25) Did

you want the (lowers . . by the teacher once again, (explain) . at dawn? (hang) . . by the gardener yesterday? (water) 26) Do you want the doors of the palace . . at night? (lock) 27) Did they want the portrait of Atatürk . . . on the wall? (hang) 219 28) We desire our national anthem . every Friday, (sing) 29) Who has wanted the questions . . by the teacher? (answer) 30) Do you want these stocking masks . 31) The government wants big industries . 32) Do you want your bad tooth . . by the robbers? (wear) . with greater efficiency (nm) . by the dentist? (pull out) 33) I want this poem . by my students, (memorize) 34) The teacher wanted this reading passage . . . by the students, (read) 35) My father wanted the piano . . in two clays, (tune) EXERCISE 160 THE PASSIVE (PASSIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE) Change the following sentences into the "Passive" using a "Passive Present Infinitive". Example: Active : I want the

student to close the door at once. Passive: I want the door to be closed by the student at once. 1) I expect you to discuss the problem at the meeting. 2) My father wants me to open the wine before the meal. 3) He ordered the students not to clean the board. 4) The man wished me to do all the exercises in the first chapter. 5) The man didn't allow me to examine the child. 6) The teacher wants the students to write the sentences on the board. 7) My father wants me to lock the door at night. 8) I want the gardener to water the flowers every morning. 9) I wanted the servant to hang the picture on the wall. 10)I don't want the students to sing our national anthem at the end of the performance. 11)Alice doesn't want the policeman to take her son to the police station. 12)Maria doesn't allow us to take her picture. 13)Sharon ordered the boys not to throw pieces of paper onto the floor. 14)The President wants the Members of Parliament to discuss this issue once again.

15)My father wants the mechanic to repair his car as soon as possible. 220 EXERCISE 161 THE PASSIVE (MIXED TYPES) Put the following sentences into the "Passive Voice". Example: Active : Mary looked after the baby yesterday. Passive : The baby was looked after by Mary yesterday. 1) We keep the glasses in this cupboard. 2) They do not allow you to play in the garden. 3) People rumour that the coalition is in trouble. 4) Angela delayed opening the letter. 5) They say that inflation is gelling worse and worse. 6) We had to putt off our visit to the palace because of the weather. 7) People rumour that your son had fallen in love with Calculi. 8) The teacher could finish the book if she had more time. 9) They report that the river has risen five meters. 10) They didn't use to take the children to the cinema. 11) The tourists are visiting the historical places. 12) People rumour that the thief has gone to Spain. 13) He confessed stealing the

jewels from the safe. 14) The firemen departed alter they had extinguished the fire. 15) They believe that they are on a sightseeing trip. 16) I made Tom write the letter. 221 17) They saw him getting into a car with a woman. EXERCISE 162 THE PASSIVE (COMPLEX SENTENCE) Put the following "complex sentences" into the "Passive Voice" using a "Full Infinitive" where necessary. Example: Active : Passive : People believe that the Earth is round. a. it is believed that the Earth is round b. The Earth is believed to be round 1. People believe that Atatürk is the greatest leader of all times a. b. 2. They think that Sally acts foolishly at the meetings a. b. 3. They think that Melissa speaks English with an American accent a. 222 b. 4. They say that the car is in good condition a. b. 5. People believe that the leader of the Ruling Party lives in luxury a. b. 6. They think that this dog is very intelligent a. b. 7. They say

that Rose knows some very influential people in Turkey a. b. 8. They believe that the Queen is one of the richest people in the world a. b. 9. Most people claim that Istanbul is the most beautiful city in the world a. b. 10. People think that the weather is predicted by watching animals a. b. EXERCISE 163 THE PASSIVE (COMPLEX SENTENCE) Put the following "complex sentences" into the ''Passive Voice'1 using a "Full Infinitive" where necessary as in the example below. Active : People expect that the three parties will form a coalition. Passive : a. It is expected that the three parties will form a coalition b. The tree parties are expected to form a coalition 1. They think that Prime Minister will go to the United Slates next month

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------223 2. People expect that the economic situation in Turkey will improve very soon B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. People expect that the weather will be warmer this month B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. People claim that major changes will take place in Turkey in the near future

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. They expect that their representatives will defend the rights of Turkish people B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. People say that the President will be at the Naval Academy next week B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. People think that the Opposition Party will win the election

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. People expect that pollution will increase in the near future B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. They predict that the storms will reach the city tomorrow B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. Scientists believe that the level of the sea will rise considerably

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXERCISE 164 THE PASSIVE (COMPLEX SENTENCE) Put the following "complex sentences" into the "Passive Voice" using a "Present Infinitive Continuous" as in the example below. 224 Active : Passive : They think that Sharon Stone is living in luxury. a. It is thought that Sharon Stone is living in luxury b. Sharon Stone is thought to be living in luxury 1. They say that the Princes is staying incognito at the Hilton hotel B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. People consider that crime rate is increasing in Turkey because of

unemployment B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. People rumour that the escaped prisoner is hiding in the jungle B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. They report that the space craft is approaching Saturn B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. They believe that the universe is expanding all the time

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. People think that the terrorists are living in the mountains B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. They say that researchers are developing better methods B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. People rumour that the ship is carrying gold bars to Libya

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. People believe that this woman is working as a spy against Turkey B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. They firmly believe that Turkish people are following the footsteps of Atatürk B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 225 EXERCISE 165 THE PASSIVE (COMPLEX SENTENCES) Put the following "complex sentences" into the "Passive Voice" using

a "Perfect Infinitive" as in the examples below. Active : They think that Olga acted foolishly at the party last night. Passive : a. It is thought that Olga acted foolishly at the party last night b. Olga is thought to have acted foolishly at the party last night Active : They said that the man had killed the poet in self defence. Passive : a. It was said that the man had killed the poet in self defence b. The man was said to have killed the poet in self defence 1. They thought that Laura had lived in Norway B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. They believe that the ship sank a long time ago

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. People say that our postman has won a lot of money in gambling B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. They fear that many lives have been lost in the train crash B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. They believed that Marjorie was innocent

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. They believed that The President of the United States had been assassinated B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. The police said that the American spy checked in at a luxury hotel in Ankara B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. They told rne that Diana had left the town

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------226 9. People thought that a strange animal lived in this cave B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. Many people think that the Viking sailed to Canada B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. The radio reported that the strike was a success

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. They found that the riot had been started by the anarchists B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13. They think that the man has been killed in an air crash B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14. People thought that the President was ill

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15. They said that the country was on the verge of civil war B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16. People believe that the brave girl led the French army to free the city of Orleans B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17. They reported that demonstrators were taken away by the police

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18. They say that the poor man was evicted from his flat for not paying the rent B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19. They believe that the President has visited all the countries in the world B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20. They claim that the political meetings have been broken up by the police

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------227 EXERCISE 166 THE PASSIVE (COMPLEX SENTENCES) Put the following "complex sentences" into the "Passive Voice" using a 'Terfecl Infinitive Continuous" as in the examples below. Active : Passive : They say that Lisa was living in Paris. a. It is said that Lisa was living in Paris b. Lisa is said (o have been living in Paris Active : Passive : They say that Lisa has been living in Paris. a. It is said that Lisa has been living in Paris b. Lisa is said to have been living in Paris 1. They think that the ship was sailing towards the North Pole

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. They believe that the captain was spending his money on unimportant things B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. They report that the spacecraft was getting in touch with the satellite in space B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. They believed that the population of Istanbul was increasing

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------228 C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. People thought that Richard was living in the mountains B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. They say that Helen has been working on this project for a long time B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. They claim that the driver was listening to his Walkman at the time of the accident

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. The radio said that the volcano was erupting on the island B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. They said that Sandra was making a living as an English teacher B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXERCISE 167 THE PASSIVE (MIXED TYPES) Change the following sentences into the "Active Voice". Example : Active : The policeman is following me. Passive :

I am being followed by the policeman. 1. I was punished by the teacher yesterday 2. The answer must be written in ink 3. The flowers were being watered by the gardener at seven o'clock 4. The old radio will be repaired by my father tomorrow 5. It is believed that the fire had been caused by a cigarette butt 6. Has the city been defended by the brave women? 7. Is the library cleaned by that woman every day? 8. All the carpets were being cleaned by the servant 9. The cow will be milked by the woman before the sun rises 10. This problem cannot be solved easily by the students 11. An exam may be given by our history teacher tomorrow 229 12. Is the contract going to be signed by the manager tomorrow? 13. An effective law against terrorism has been passed by the Parliament 14. The teacher is going to be invited to the wedding by my father 15. The books had been borrowed from the library by Jennifer 16. The patient was given the wrong prescription by the doctor 17. The victim is

believed to have been poisoned by the soldiers EXERCISE 169 GERUNDS/INFINITIVES (1) Complete the following sentences with the "Gerund" or "Full Infinitive" forms of the "verbs" in brackets. Example : In winter months, I really miss . . in the sun (lie) 230 In winter months, I really miss lying in the sun. (gerund) We are expecting. abroad this summer, (go) We are expecting to go abroad this summer, (full infinitive) 1) I don't like. alone in the house at night, (be) 2) We aired the room by . the windows, (open) 3) Do you remember. to the seaside when you were young? (go) 4) I would like . you on behalf of all the staff, (thank) 5) Rana forgot. the lights when she went to bed (turn off) 6) When I go shopping, I must remember 7) If you haven't got too much luggage, 1 suggest. 8) It was very careless of you . that coffee cup (break) 9) I am considering . my cousins in Mersin next summer, (visit) 10) I

recommend you . the time wisely, (use) 11) When I go on holiday, I like . plenty of exercise, (take) 12) I didn't finish . the room because I didn't like the colour, (paint) 13) The citizens are waiting for the Pied Piper . 14) I told a white lie to avoid . my wife's feelings, (hurt) 15) I don't usually like . early, but I like 16) I can't help . him when I see him (laugh at) 17) I regret. you that we are not in a position to explain it (inform) 18) Why don't you find something to do, like 19) . a degree enables you 20) These children need . (look after) 21) I am fed up with. this film on the television, (watch) 22) Brenda is very good at. phone numbers, (memorize) 23) She persuaded me . 24) It is no use. me the way I am only a visitor here, (ask) 25) I cannot seem . rid of this cold, (get) 26) Don't bother. the lift, it is out of order, (try) 27) I cannot stand . early in the morning, (get up)

28) She found it difficult. the busy street, (cross) 29) It was very kind of you . me chocolates, (bring) 30) Those children are too young . themselves, (look after) 31) I am not hungry but I don't feel like . anything, (eat) 32) I don't think it is worth . government money on space explorations, (spend) 33) His impossible. . some bread, (buy) . the underground, (take) . their children back, (bring) . . when 1 am on holiday, (get up/get up) . the car? (clean) . a better job (have/get) in this play, (act) . to Rose, she thinks she knows everything, (talk) 231 34) If your father gives up . he will live longer, (drink) 35) One of my main ambitions is . 36) I cannot afford . a car at the moment, (buy) 37) If you want to stop . 38) The athlete tried . the world record but he failed, (break) 39) Tom Cruise was very excited about.the Academy Award, (receive) 40) After . 41) She is always the first. and the last

(arrive /leave) 42) I don't fancy . 43) The teacher doesn't permit . during the exam, (talk) 44) The best thing is . your local library, (ring up) 45) I like . every day, it keeps me fit (exercise) 46) They were delighted. their father standing on the deck of the ship, (see) 47) It was very thoughtless of you . 48) I chose . on the island because of my health, (live) 49) I was busy. 50) The captain ordered the passengers . 51) Muge is very fond of. chocolates, (cat) 52) This seems. a serious matter, (be) 53) My father doesn't allow me . in the evening, (play) 54) I always remember . the door before I go out (lock) 55) Are you planning 56) When you finish . the letter, could you please help me? (write) 57) If you walk in these mountains, you risk . 58) My father suggested . to the cinema tonight, (go) 59) Everyone tried . 60) I haven't decided what. to the party, (wear) 61) I was made . for two

hours for an appointment, (wait 62) The apples keep . from the trees in my garden, (disappear) 63) I don't mind people . about my family, (gossip) 64) These scissors need . immediately (sharpen) 65) If you carry on . , I will have to ask you to leave the room, (misbehave) 66) This film is worth . , I think, (see) 67) She cannot stand . alone during my absence, (be) 68) She refused . the shoes I bought yesterday, (change) 69) It is silly of you . time like that, (waste) . . . around the world, (travel) ., try gum instead, (smoke/chew) the agenda, we went on discuss finance, (approve) . for a walk in the rain, (go) . . such things to a sick old man (say) the letter when the boss came, (type) . . the ship, (abandon) . a vacation this year? (take) . lost, (get) . the car, but it didn't move at all (lift) 232 70) It is no good . him; he is deaf, (shout at) 71) Don't forget. me as soon as you arrive

home, (phone) 72) Angela asked me. to the cinema with her (go) 73) I'll take you to hospital. I cannot bear you in pain, (see) 74) We are thinking of. to Italy for our holidays, (go) 75) Do you want. tennis this afternoon? (play) 76) Linda suggested . a day in Paris, (spend) 77) Sally has decided . him a new watch for his birthday, (buy) 78) Paul agreed . it again, (not, do) 79) The children have really missed . in your lovely garden, (play) 80) I think George is interested in . 81) . a new language is very interesting thing to do (learn) 82) There is a regulation which forbids . in hospitals, (smoke) 83) Where did you get the money? 1 don't remember. it to you (give) 84) Bill carried on . when his friends went on strike, (work) 85) She stopped . on her project when she became sick, (work) 86) You had better stop . so much alcohol, (drink) 87) I am afraid you are not allowed . 88) I cannot help . when I am tired, (yawn) 89)

Please leave off. the carpet; the baby is sleeping, (hover) 90) A good servant knows how . table, (wait at) 91) I like . in the new swimming pool when it opens, (swim) 92) Did you have any trouble . the hotel I mentioned? (find) 93) Advertisements encourage people . more money, (spend) 94) Getting to work on time means. very early in the morning, (get up) 95) She has abstained from . for a long time, (drink) 96) There is no . what will happen Don't waste time talking, (tell) 97) Jane took three weeks . her illness, (get over) 98) You will have no difficulty (in) . 99) You will find it difficult. this subject to the students, (explain) . a lawyer, (become) in here, sir. (smoke) . this letter into Turkish, (translate) 100) The travel agent recommended our. near the airport, (stay) 101) I cannot put up with your constant 102) The teacher advised me . . (complain) . carefully, (listen) 103) Your piano needs . (tune) 104) You should

practise . . . English at every opportunity (speak) 105) Try . the bell Someone may be in (ring) 233 106) I have never imagined the mountain 107) Do you prefer . . so high, (be) . your letters to them by hand? (type/write) 108) My father didn't want me . . a ballet dancer, (become) 109) I study hard, this means . 110) You are supposed 111) There is nothing . a lot of time in the library, (spend) . your parents without . why. (obey / ask) . us from married, (prevent/get) 112) He slopped . the map and then walked on (look at) 113) I will never forget. . Rosemary standing on the balcony, (see) 114) I don't mind . in a lent if there are no snakes, (sleep) 115) I am sorry I forgot . the letter you gave me (post) 116) Don'1 pretend . him, you know you don't really (like) 117) [hate. . any kind of sports on television, (watch) 118) Children should be encouraged . 119) I really appreciate your . . as early as

possible, (swim) . to help the poor, (try) 120) The main subject of the talk is how . 121) My friend suggested . . . crimes from . (prevent / happen) . a picnic on the island on Sunday, (have) 122) I quit. comic books when I was twelve years old (read) 123) I got the students . . the sentences three limes, (repeat) 124) The school doesn't allow . here, (smoke) 125) I cannot imagine . . in a place like that, (live) 126) I would recommend you . Turkey in the summer, (visit) 127) We expect Jane. . in the office on Saturdays, (work) 128) The policeman admitted (to). 129) The teacher explained his . . . bribes, (take) . ill (be) 130) There were a lot of girls, but I favoured . with Lucy, (dance) 131) Why don't you forbid your daughter . cigarettes? (smoke) 132) Pedro claimed . the last heir to the fortune, (be) 133) How did you come . her? (know) 134) Should I include . a diploma on my application form? (have) 135) I happened .

the teacher in the park the other day (see) 136) Paola is not well enough . to the party tomorrow, (come) 137) It is boring . there doing nothing, (sit) 138) It isn't worth while . . to Paris for only one day (go) 139) Caroline forgot when. the children to the concert, (take) 140) It is useless . roses in this kind of soil, (plant) 141) Mandy was on the point of. Istanbul when we got there, (leave) 234 142) Will you excuse my . . early? (leave) 143) My sister went on. . about the other matter, (talk) 144) I meant. married last year but I didn't have enough money, (get) 145) If you want to go to the cinema, it will mean . . a baby-sitter, (get) 146) She asked me . the car in front of the house, (not, leave) 147) Stop. . of the window and listen to me (look out) 148) The policeman warned my father. . fast, (not, drive) 149) I know him . honest, (be) 150) I don't understand your . angry with me (get) 151) The teacher cannot tolerate my

. late every day (come) 152) I would like you . your holidays in Italy, (spend) 153) I cannot stand your . 154) If you gamble, you risk. . so rudely towards my father, (behave) . your money, (lose) 155) The puppies looked so sweet that I couldn't resist. . . them, (stroke) 156) I don't recommend . your summer holidays in Paris, (spend) 157) Heidi offered . me a lift to the station, (give) 158) My father promised me that he would give up. .(smoke) 159) I don't recall. to have lunch with you (promise) 160) I would prefer you . at home, (stay) 161) I had a good time. at the party (dance) 162) She explained to me what kind of food. (eat) 163) They keep (on). . their minds all the time, (change) 164) Helen mentioned. me on television last week, (see) 165) The baby appears . hungry (be) 166) I cannot forgive Julia for. . her promise, (break) 167) She heard the noise, but she was afraid . downstairs, (go) 168) My sister is afraid of. in the

dark, (walk) 169) What you do is . the eggs with flour, (mix) 170) Can you imagine. . ten thousand dollars in the state lottery? (win) 235 EXERCISE 174 GERUNDS Answer the following questions using the structures below. Example: BE USED TO + GERUND/GERUND PHRASE BE ACCUSTOMED TO + GERUND/GERUND PHRASE BE USED TO + NOUN BE ACCUSTOMED TO + NOUN A: Do you drive on the right? B: No, I don't. I am not used to driving on the right No, I don't. I am not accustomed to driving on the right 236 A: Does the hot weather bother you? B: No, it doesn't. I am used to the hot weather No, it doesn't. I am accustomed to the hot weather 1. A: Do you always walk quickly? B: No, . 2. A: Does your father always have a cold shower in (he morning? B: Yes, . 3. A: Does your sister always have a siesta in the afternoon? B: No, . 4. A: Does your friend always live on his own? B: Yes, . 5. A: Do you like this kind of food in Turkey? B: No. 6. A: Can you live in the

Polar region? B: Yes. 7. A: Do you always sleep with the windows open? B: No. 8. A: Do the insults of your friends bother you? B: Yes. 9. A: Can you live in such a climate like this? B: No. 10. A: Are you fond of listening to Turkish music? B: Yes. 11. A: Do you like eating spicy food? B: No. 12. A: Do you always go to work at sunrise7 B: Yes, . 13. A: Does your father always go to bed so late? B: No,. EXERCISE 175 GERUNDS Answer the following questions giving long answers. 1) Are you in the habit of smoking Hubble bubble? 237 2) Do you love walking in the snow? 3) Do you think that knowing a foreign language is useful? 4) What is your father used to doing in the morning? 5) What are you afraid of doing at night? 6) Are you tired of living in Istanbul? 7) What do your parents enjoy doing at the weekends? 8) What is your mother tired of doing every day? 9) Are you accustomed to eating the same kind of food all the time? 10) Do you think that using a computer is

absolutely necessary nowadays? 11) What are you fond of doing on Sundays? 12) Do you avoid drinking coffee if it keeps you up at night? 13) Did you have fun watching the football match on TV last night? 14) What do you do if you consider quitting your job? 15) Do you feel like going to the cinema tonight? 16) Are you allowed to enter a mosque without taking your shoes off? 17) Do you think that teaching English calls for a lot of patience? 18) Is there a possibility of going to Mars in the future? 238 EXERCISE 176 GERUNDS/INFINITIVES Complete the following sentences with the "Gerund" or "Infinitive" forms of the "verbs" on the list below. A. WRITE, TALK, LEARN, WATER, LISTEN TO, STUDY, PLAY, TAKE, DO, DRIVE 1) I am very good at . 2) Do you like. . classical music? 3) Do you think it is easy . 4) My brother learned . 5) I finished . 6) He promised . . chess Nobody can beat me . a foreign language? . a car when he was seventeen .

the first few pages of my term paper . the flowers while! was out of town 7) My mother fell better after . . her medicine 8) It is pointless . . a language if you are never going to use it 9) Could you please sit down and stop . . ! 10. My sister is busy her homework at the moment B. BE, CRY, PLAY, SPEAK, WAIT, POST, SPEAK, FIND, WIDEN, ARRIVE 1) There is always a traffic jam here. The road needs 2) Taking care of the neighbour's house proved . 3) I had a lot of difficulty . . . . a difficult job . another job in Istanbul 4) After not. to each other for a year, they decided to bury the hatchel 5) It was rather childish of him . 6) 1 would prefer . . when he did badly in the test . here a bit if you don't mind 7) Could you remind me . this letter? 8) I will never forget . 9) I couldn't resist . . in New York the first time . a trick on the teacher 10. Why do you always insist on my . .

English all the time? C. CHECK, WORK, BLAME, GET, INTERRUPT, FIND, TELL, DRIVE, ARGUE, EMIGRATE 1) I hope you won't mind my . . you are having a chat 2) I don't feel like ., so T will say no more about the subject 3) The traffic policeman stopped the man for. 4) It is not much use. . . intoxicated our defeat on the weather. 5) It won't be easy for Melissa . a new job in London 6) I am interested in . to Canada 7) Remember. 8) I regret. . your answers before you leave the exam room . you that I will not be able to atlend the reception next week 239 9) It means . a raise or being thrown out of the office 10) My parents always encourage me . as hard as I can EXERCISE 177 PERFECT GERUNDS (ACTIVE / PASSIVE) Rewrite the following sentences using a "Perfect Gerund". ACTIVE PERFECT GERUND : HAVING + PAST PARTICIPLE PASSIVE PERFECT GERUND : HAVING + BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE Example : Carol denied that she had stolen the money.

(ACTIVE) Carol denied having stolen the money. Martha denied that she was seen with a Russian spy (PASSIVE) Martha denied having been seen with a Russian spy. 1. I remember that I had seen that girl at the ball I remember . 2. Mary resents that she hasn't been invited to the wedding party Mary resents. 3. They accused me that I had taker, part in the bank robbery They accused me of . 4. Helen complains that she wasn't given enough freedom in choosing her husband Helen complains of. 5. My father forgot that he had posted the letters My father forgot. 6. Sheila feels sorry that she wasn't taken to the circus by her father Sheila feels sorry . 7. The manager apologized that he had charged too much The manager apologized for . 8. The teacher admits that she has been criticized severely by her students The teacher admits (to) . . . 9. She is glad that she had studied English when she was at high school She is glad of. 10. The man objects that he was sent to the

doctor by the manager 240 . The man objects to . 11. Do you regret that you didn't go to university? Do you regret not. ? 12. Helen admitted that she had left the door unlocked Helen admitted (to) . 13. Emily doesn't enjoy that she has been pushed into the swimming-pool by her friends Emily doesn't enjoy. 14. The American remember that Lincoln abolished slavery The American remember .„„„„„ 15. I am depressed that I had a row with my wife this morning I am depressed about. EXERCISE 178 INFINITIVES Complete the following sentences with the "Plain Infinitive" or "Full Infinitive" forms of the verbs in brackets. Example: Rose made me .miserable, (feel) Rose made me feel miserable. (Plain Infinitive) Would you like . to the cinema with me? (go) Would you like to go to the cinema with me? (Full Infinitive) 1) I didn't dare . the doctor that she was wrong, (tell) 2) I would prefer you . me up at, eight,

o'clock, (pick) 3) It was foolish of you . so last in the centre of the city, (drive) 4) They would rather . a boxing match than a football] match, (see) 5) Lora is not well enough. tennis this evening, (play) 6) Thank you for your postcard, it was very thoughtful of you . it (send) 7) They didn't allow Julie . tennis at school, (play) 8) I am too scared . the tent There are some bears outside, (leave) 9) He would rather. 10) How old were you when you learnt. 11) Chris does nothing but. all the time, (complain) 12) I don't mind walking there, but 1 would rather . a taxi, (take) 13) How do you make this machine .? -1 am not sure, (work) 14) I like . carefully about things before 1 make a decision, (think) 15) It was wrong of you . your mother like that, (scare) . his evenings alone than . . other people, (spend / mix with) .? (drive) 241 16) I didn't want . the film It wasn't worth seeing, (see)

17) Rather than . it back to the shop he decided to repair it himself, (take) 18) The doctor made the patient. in bed for a few days, (stay) 19) The robber made everyone in the bank . down on the floor, (lie) 20) I would rather. tennis than golf, (play/play) 21) He was made . his homework, (do) 22) She seems . nothing but 23) She would prefer . out rather than at home, (go/stay) 24) She didn't let me . the flute in the living room, (play) 25) Where do you usually . your summer holidays? (spend) 26) I will let you ., the result of the game tomorrow, (know) 27) You had better 28) Let's . for a walk as soon as it stops raining, (go) 29) She suggested that the teacher. the subject once again, (explain) 30) She stopped . a cigarette but she couldn't a lighter, (smoke/find) . (do/sleep) . me the truth before the police arrive, (tell) EXERCISE 179 GERUNDS/INFINITIVES Rewrite the following sentences using a

"Gerund Phrase". Example: It is boring to spend the whole day at home. Spending the whole day at home is boring. 1) It is a wonderful thing to live in luxury. 2) It is enjoyable to walk in the rain. 3) It is essential to understand the basic points. 4) It is not very difficult to learn to drive a car. 5) It was extraordinary to see the actual Hollywood film set. 6) It requires a lot of patience to write an English grammar book. 7) It was a waste of time to argue with those Russian students. 8) It was not easy to make money in Saudi Arabia. 9) It is foolish to make a decision without knowing the facts. 10) It is relaxing to take a walk in the park. 11) It is difficult to learn a foreign language within six months. 242 12) It is wonderful to fall in love. 13) It was a marvellous idea to spend the summer at the seashore. 14) It requires considerable skill to make race cars. 15) It was Hamlet's main occupation to take the revenge of his father. 16) It

is dangerous to swim after a heavy meal. 17) It is difficult to study when a radio is on. EXERCISE 180 GERUNDS/INFINITIVES Rewrite the following sentences using a "Full Infinitive Phrase". Example: Playing with matches is dangerous. It is dangerous to play with matches. 1. Spending a few days in Antalya is a good idea It. 2. Living in a foreign country was not easy It. 243 3. Cheating in the examination is wrong It. 4. Making friends was not very difficult in those days It. 5. Getting enough sleep is important It. 6. Going to the cinema with your friends is not a good idea It. 7. Looking up words in a dictionary takes a long time It. 8. Living on a deserted island is really hard It. 9. Teaching children at this age must be extremely difficult It. 10. Playing any kind of musical instrument requires a good sense of rhythm It. 11. Making elderly people happy is very difficult It. 12. Being a good neighbour is a wonderful thing It. 13. Living in this part of the city is

very dangerous It. 14. Predicting when an earthquake will occur is very difficult It. 15. Protecting whales and other endangered species is very important It. 16. Going further was impossible It. 17. Giving time to the project became more difficult It. EXERCISE 181 INFINITIVES (ENOUGH/TOO) Rewrite the following sentences using "ENOUGH". Change the adjectives if necessary Example: This skirt is too short for an old lady to wear. 244 This shirt is not long enough for an old lady to wear. 1) The weather is too cold for us to go swimming. 2) Natalie is too careless to see her mistakes. 3) This tangerine is too sour for me to eat. 4) My sister is too young to get married. She is only sixteen 5) The puzzle was too difficult for anyone to solve. 6) You are too young to be a member of this club. 7) Stella is too short to reach (to) that high shelf. 8) She is too weak to walk without help. 9) We were too far to be able to see their faces. 10) My grandfather

was too old to travel on his own. 11) Julia is too poor to buy that house. 12) The sea was too rough for us to go sailing. 13) The house is too expensive for us to buy 14) This room is too dark for me to take pictures. 15) Gloria was too old to apply for the job. 16) The horse was too slow to win the race. 17) They are too stupid to know the answer. 245 EXERCISE 182 INFINITIVES (ENOUGH) Combine the following pairs of sentences using the structure below. Change the adjectives if necessary ADJECTIVE + ENOUGH + FULL INFINITIVE Example: Maria is very rich. She can buy a villa by the sea Maria is rich enough to buy a villa by the sea. 1) Diana is very tall. She can touch the ceiling 2) The electric torch is very small. It tan go into a pocket 3) My brother is very strong. He can lift a horse 4) The stadium is very big. It can hold sixty thousand people 5) I am not very well. I cannot make a trip around the world 6) This soldier is not very brave. He cannot

fight the enemy 7) My sister is not very clever. She cannot solve that problem 8) Susan was very clever. She answered all the questions 9) Kate is very poor. She cannot buy an expensive car 10) Diana was very old. She could not apply for the job 11) George was not very experienced. He could not tackle the problems 12) You are not old. You cannot watch this film on the television 13) Belly was not old. She could not go to school 14) The horse was very fast. It could win all the races easily 15) He was very thirsty lie drank five glasses of water. 16) That small chair is not very strong. It cannot support that heavy man 246 EXERCISE 183 INFINITIVES (TOO) Rewrite the following sentences using "TOO" using the structure below. TOO + ADJECTIVE + FULL INFINITIVE Example: Pamela was so worried that she couldn't concentrate on her homework. Pamela was too worried to concentrate on her homework. 1) Eileen was so impatient that she couldn't tolerate

the children for very long. 2) The coffee was so sweet that I couldn't drink it. 3) The Adana Kebap was so hot that we couldn't eat it. 4) This film is so violent that my children cannot watch it on TV 5) Molly was so poor that she couldn't pay the rent of her flat. 6) I was so tired that I couldn't go to the cinema with my friends. 7) They were so busy that they couldn't have a chat. 8) Angela is so upset that she cannot stop crying. 9) It is such a heavy box that I cannot lift it. 10) The lesson was so boring that I couldn't stay there the whole time. 11) The man was so fat that he couldn't go through the door. 12) The weather was so cold that the children couldn't go swimming. 13) The room was so dark that we couldn't take any pictures. 14) The meeting was so short that we couldn't reach any decisions. 15) The exercise is so difficult that 1 cannot do it. 16) I am so busy that 1 cannot take you to the cinema tonight.

247 EXERCISE 184 INFINITIVES (TOO) Combine the following pairs of sentences with "TOO" using the structure below. TOO Example: + ADJECTIVE + (FOR + NOUN/PRONOUN) + FULL INFINITIVE It is very cold. We cannot have a picnic on the island It is too cold (for us) to have a picnic on the island. 1) This book is very boring. I cannot read it in two clays 2) The coffee was very hoi. I couldn’t drink it 3) Life is very short. We cannot worry about every little thing 4) The staircase is very steep. My grandmother cannot climb it 5) The sky was very cloudy. We couldn't see the UFO at all 6) That car is quite expensive. I cannot afford to buy it, 7) This orange is very sour. I cannot eat it 8) This room is very cold. We cannot sit in it, 9) The exercise was quite difficult. We couldn't do it within two hours 10) It is very far. We cannot walk there 11) Russian is very difficult. I cannot learn it within two years 12) The film was very touching. I

couldn't watch it on TV last night 13) These letters are very long. Helen cannot type them in two hours 14) This coffee is very strong. I cannot drink it without milk 15) The river was very deep. The children couldn't swim in it 16) The dress is very long. Stella cannot wear it 248 EXERCISE 185 INFINITIVES (TOO) Combine the following pairs of sentences with "TOO" using the structure below. TOO Example: + ADJECTIVE + FULL INFINITIVE I am very old. I cannot fall in love again 1 am too old to fall in love again 1) These people are very afraid. They cannot fight for their rights 2) My sister is very young. She cannot vole at this election 3) Kate was quite tired. She couldn't help me with my homework 4) I was extremely shy. 1 couldn't make a speech in front of strangers 5) I was very tired. I couldn't have a chat with my neighbour 6) Your mother is very old. She cannot wear a mini skirt 7) My friend is exceedingly nervous. She cannot

answer all the questions 8) They were very proud. They couldn't ask for help 9) My girlfriend is very conceited. She cannot accept that kind of job 10) Jane's new car is very wide. It cannot go into her garage easily 11) Tom is very stupid. Me cannot understand the meaning of that poem 249 12) Hilda was quite sensible. She couldn't be influenced by flattery 13) Linda is very cautious. She cannot risk her money 14) He is very drunk. He doesn't know what he is talking about 15) My father is very busy. He cannot take you to the circus tonight 16) The famous man was very proud. lie couldn't go back to his parents' house again EXERCISE 186 INFINITIVES (ENOUGH) Combine the following pairs of sentences with "ENOUGH" using the structure below. ENOUGH + NOUN + FULL INFINITIVE NOUN + ENOUGH + FULL INFINITIVE Example: There is a lot of bread. It will last for three days a. There is enough bread to last for three days b. There is bread

enough to last for three days, 1. We haven't got much money We cannot eat in restaurants every day 250 B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. I haven't got much money I cannot go on holiday this year B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. There is a great deal of poison in this bottle It can kill an elephant B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. There isn't much flour here I cannot

make a cake B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. I have a lot of strength I can carry this heavy box without any help B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. There wasn't much room in the car We couldn't all get into it B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. We didn't have many chairs The other people couldn't sit on

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. I haven't got much experience I cannot apply for this job B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. There were not many cups I couldn't make coffee for all the guests B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. She didn't have much courage She couldn't criticize the Prime Minister

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXERCISE 187 INFINITIVES (LET/ALLOW) Answer the following questions using the structures below. LET + SOMEONE + DO + 251 SOMETHING Example: ALLOW + SOMEONE + TO DO + SOMETHING BE ALLOWED + TO DO + SOMETHING (PASSIVE) + Can you play cards at school? a. No, the teachers don't let us play cards at school b. No, the teachers don't allow us to play cards at school c. No, we are not allowed to play cards at school 1. Can you speak loudly in the library? a. No, the librarian b. No, the librarian c. No, we 2. Can the students of this school wear jeans at school? a. No, they b. No, they c. No, they 3. Did your sister go to the circus last night? a. Yes, my father b. Yes, my father c. Yes, she „ 4. Could

your brother go to the disco five years ago? a. No, my parents b. No, my parents c. No, he 5. Are you going to pick up flowers in the park? a. No, the gardener b. No, the gardener c .No, I 6. Can you do bungee jumping from this bridge? a. No, the police b. No, the police c. No, we 7. Can your sister go to the night clubs by herself? a. Yes, my parents . b. Yes, my parents c. Yes, she 252 EXERCISE 188 INFINITIVES (PREFERENCES) Rewrite the following sentences using the structures below. Example: SUBJECT + WOULD PREFER SUBJECT + RATHER + + FULL INFINITIVE PLAIN INFINITIVE I prefer staying at home to going to the cinema. a. I would prefer to stay at home rather than go to the cinema b. I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema 1. Rose prefers studying English to watching television

a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. I prefer going swimming to playing tennis a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. My father prefers typing letters to writing them by hand a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. Many teachers prefer going on a holiday to working for extra money

a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. My mother prefers flying to going by train a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. My son prefers playing chess to flying kites a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. My mother prefers doing the dishes to dusting the furniture

a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. My father prefers listening to the radio to discussing political matters a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. My sister prefers playing the piano to playing the flute a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------253 b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. My brother prefers studying in the morning to studying in the evening

a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXERCISE 189 INFINITIVES (EXPRESSING PURPOSE) Answer the following questions using the words in brackets. You can use the prompts on the list if you like Example: * lose weight * buy a new car * be more successful * impress the boss * do the shopping * catch the train * make some tea * cash a cheque * be able to go to sleep * look smart * buy some petrol * get hungry on the journey * get a better job * make a good impression on people A: Why does your sister do bodily exercises every morning? (to) B: My sister does bodily exercises every morning to lose weight. 1. A: Why is your father learning English? (in order to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. A: What for did Monica stop at the

petrol station? (to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. A: Why did Michael go to the bank? (in order to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. A: Why did David put the kettle on the electric heater? (to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. A: Why is Lisa borrowing some money? (in order to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. A: Why does Jeremy sometimes take a pill? (to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. A: Why did the children run to the train station? (in order to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. A: Why is Tom going to wear his new suit? (to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------254 9. A: Why are you going to study these books on

business? (in order to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. A: Why does Diana get to work earlier than usual? (to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. A: Why did you take so much food? (so as not to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. A: Why do you have to be well dressed? (so as to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------13. A: Why did they hold a meeting? (so as to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXERCISE 190 INFINITIVES (EXPRESSING PURPOSE) Answer the following questions using the words in bracket. You can use the prompts on the list if you like * buy some milk * buy some food for her goldfish * waste time * complete the project on time * make new friends * break your heart * operate the machine * investigate the case * bring

her round * disturb his room-mate * take interest * give you a wrong impression * reduce crime * buy a pair of glasses Example : A: Why did Rose go to the supermarket? (in order to) B: Rose went To the supermarket in order to buy some milk. 1. A: For what reason do people put their money in a bank? (so as to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. A; What did the government take these measures for? (in order to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. A: Why did Peter press the red button? (to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. A: For what purpose did your daughter go to London? (in order to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. A: Why are the staff working at weekends? (so as to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------255 6. A: Why

didn't you say anything? (in order not to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. A: Why didn't the teacher say anything? (so as not to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. A: Why did Marty go to the opticians? (in order to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. A: Why did you turn the radio down? (so as not to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. A: Why did your wife join this club? (so as to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. A: Why did they start working early in the morning? (so as not to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. A: Why did Susie go to the pet-shop? (in order to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------13. A: Why did they

throw water over the woman? (to) B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXERCISE 191 PRESENT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS) Rewrite the following sentences using a "Present Participle" for the "Adverbial Clause of Time". Use "BEFORE" or "AFTER". Example: After I finished my homework, I went to the cinema. After finishing my homework, I went to the cinema. 1) After they got married, they settled in London. 2) We went to the circus after we had dinner. 3) She washed her hair before she got dressed. 4) Before he became a dentist, he worked for a computer firm. 5) After I saw a film on Spain, I decided to go there for my summer holidays. 6) Before I had breakfast, I had a cold shower, 7) After Laura left home, she went to the cinema. 8) Before Jennifer went to bed, she drank a glass of milk. 9) After they lived in Ankara for a long time, they moved to Antalya. 10) I will settle in

Istanbul after I get married to Dilara. 256 11) My father buys a newspaper before he has breakfast. 12) I feel very tired after I stay awake all night. 13) After I have a hot drink, I usually have a rest at home. 14) I will learn Japanese before I go to Japan. 15) I took every possibility into consideration before I went there. 16) I felt relaxed after I came back from my holiday. 17) I turned the lights off before I went out of the room. EXERCISE 192 PRESENT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS) Rewrite the following sentences using a "Present Participle Phrase" for the "Adverbial Clauses of Time". Examples: When the old man walks along the street, he talks to himself. a. (When) walking along the street, the old man talks to himself b. The old man talks To himself (when) walking along the street While my father is watching TV he falls asleep. a. (While) watching TV, my father falls asleep b. My father falls asleep (while) watching TV 257 Paul broke his

ankle while he was playing tennis. a. (While) playing tennis, Paul broke his ankle b. Paul broke his ankle (while) playing tennis While Peter was walking home, he saw an accident. a. (while) walking home, Peter saw an accident b. Peter saw an accident (while) walking home After Melissa realised her mistake, she decided to correct it. a. (After) realizing her mistake, Melissa decided to correct it b. Melissa decided to correct her mistake (after) realizing it 1) When I leave the office, I always check my appointments. 2) After I get dressed, I have breakfast. 3) Before I leave home, I always check the doors. 4) My sister drinks a lot of water after she plays tennis. 5) While I was making the salad, I cut my finger. 6) After she got into her swimming costume, she ran to the river. 7) After Peter climbed over the prison wall, he got away by stealing a car. 8) When he peeped through the chinks of the wooden door, he saw the criminal. 9) After Pamela finished her homework,

she turned on the television set. 10) After I worked hard all day, I found it rather difficult to walk. 11) As I was walking in the park, I saw a bird building a nest. 12) When Tony completed the course successfully, he was awarded a diploma. 13) When the pilot realized that he could do nothing, he jumped off the plane by parachute. 14) I hurt my knee while I was playing football. 15) Before he left the house, he put the letter in his pocket. 16) The fans ran into the football pitch while they were waving their scarves. 17) After the children chose their holiday, they made a reservation. 18) I slammed the door when I left the room. 19) As/while I was running for the bus, I carne across a very old friend of mine. 20) Carlos was sitting at the table while he was writing the letter. 21) When I went to the cinema, I saw Veronica. 22) When Maria heard the explosion, she looked out of the window. 23) Margaret ate her pear while she was listening to the radio. 24)

As / when the prisoner crossed the road, he saw the policeman. 25) While the man was shouting for help, he ran from the burning building. 26) When I am sitting in the room, I do my homework. 27) As / when Carol was walking down the street, she bumped into a friend of hers. 258 28) While we are chewing something, we should not talk. 29) Since they returned to London, they have been very busy 30) Before my mother heard the news, she was very happy. 259 EXERCISE 193 PRESENT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS) Rewrite the following sentences using a "Present Participle Phrase" for the "Adverbial Clauses of Reason". Example: Helen didn't go to work because she felt / was feeling ill. Helen didn't go to work feeling ill. Feeling ill, Helen didn’t go to work As/because I didn’t understand the question, I couldn’t answer it. Not understanding the question, I couldn’t answer it. 1) As / because I fell restless, I look a walk in the park. 2)

Because the swimmer was gasping for breath, he was pulled from the churning water. 3) Since / because we finished our work early, we were free to go home. 4) Because George ate a good dinner, he began to feel better. 5) As Lora was intelligent, she learned geometry quickly. 6) As I didn't know where to go, I asked for directions. 7) As / because Mandy was ill, she stayed in hospital for ten days. 8) As/because I was not able to afford to take a taxi, I went home on fool. 9) As Peter didn't expect any letter, he was surprised to be given one. 10) As we were tired of waiting, we decided to go home. 11) Because Tom is unemployed, he hasn't got much money 12) As the teacher was cautious, he read the letter twice. 13) Since/because I was the only teacher in the village. I was in a fortunate position 14) Since / because Maria heard a scream, she went out to investigate. 15) As he was poor, he couldn’t afford to buy books. 260 EXERCISE 194

PRESENT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS) Combine or rewrite the following sentences using a "Present Participle Phrase" Example: A time-bomb exploded. It killed ten students A time-bomb exploded killing ten students. 1) The Earth goes round the sun. The Earth rotates on its axis 2) Janet is sitting under the tree. She is writing a love letter 3) Julia is here. She is playing with the dogs 4) There is a bearded man in the street. He is begging for bread 5) There is a teacher on the floor. He is dancing with his student 6) Paul's father died. He left all his fortune to him 7) Maggie came back from her holiday. She felt completely refreshed 8) My father sat up till midnight. He studied the documents I gave 9) Lisa is sitting beside the man. She is watching TV 10) The car turned the corner and hit a tree. 11) The factory burned down and caused many deaths. 12) He spent most of his time in Paris. He visited all the museums 13) Tony walked out of the

room. He slammed the door behind him 14) Stella lay awake all night and recalled the events of the day. 15) The children ran down the street. They shouted and waved their hats 16) Susan phoned and told me what she had done on her holiday. 17) I cut my hand while I was trying to open the tin. 261 EXERCISE 195 PRESENT PARTICIPLES Rewrite the following sentences using a "Present Participle Phrase" for the "Relative Clause". Example: The man who is looking at the beautiful girl is very handsome. The man looking at the beautiful girl is very handsome. There was a man who swam in the river when it was raining. There was a man swimming in the river when it was raining. 1) The car which belongs to my uncle is more expensive than mine. 2) It was a mixture which consisted of oil and vinegar. 3) The woman who is playing tennis over there is my English teacher. 4) There is a car which is waiting for us outside. 5) There are some children who are running

towards the theatre. 6) 1 saw a bear which was dancing in the street. 7) The men who stayed at the Hilton hotel were all carrying guns. 8) There were a lot of children who were playing in the giant's garden. 9) There was a policeman who was shouting at the children at the top of his voice. 10) I stayed in a collage which belonged to my friend. 11) The students who don't obey the school rules must be punished. 12) It was only Michael, who was chopping wood in the garden. 13) It was our neighbour, who wanted to borrow some sugar. 14) It is Pamela, who is asking if she can use the telephone. 262 15) I gave the message to the man who resembles your father. EXERCISE 196 PRESENT PARTICIPLES Complete the following sentences with the "Present Participle" forms of the verbs on the list below. A. BUY, PUT, WANT, LEAVE, SHAKE, FEEL, FIND, HAVE, CLOSE, TURN 1) . the water off his body, the dog ran after his master 2) She entered the room silently.the door

softly behind her 3) Lucy cried softly . her head in her hands 4) You waste your money.things that nobody wants 5) . the key, he opened the door 6) After . a hot drink, I usually go to bed 7) Before . the house, she put the letter in her handbag 8) When.depressed, I always spend my money on useless things 9) Not . to frighten the poor man, Rose hid in the store-room under the stairs 10) Not. anyone at home, Olga pushed a note through the letter-box B. COME, KNOW, FLY, GREET, PLAY, SING, WAIT, PUT, SWIM, GO OUT 263 1) After . her costume on, Eileen went downstairs to open the door 2) 2. Girls usually make up their faces before . „ . with their boyfriends 3) 3. I have never heard a nightingale . in the forest. 4) The American pilots observed a strange object. in the sky yesterday 5) We saw three children. towards the shore 6) There is a car. in front of the hospital 7) There are some children . hide and seek in the garden 8) There

was blood . from a wound in his chest 9) The woman . the crowd is the wife of the Prime Minister . 10) Not. quite what to do, the old woman sat down on the rock C. TAKE, SEIZE, PAY, TRAIN, CROSS, ASK, BE, OPEN, FIGHT, BELONG TO 1) . furious with the referee, George started to swear 2) Peter is having a lot of trouble . his mortgage every month 3) . the door, Natalie found two letters on the floor 4) People . the train to Paris must go to platform three 5) . power in the country, they started to make a lot of new reforms 6) After . for ten years, Julia joined the National team 7) While. the street, Pamela nearly got knocked down by a bus 8) While . in Palestine, he was seriously wounded 9) 1 stayed at the hotel . my friend's father, 10) After. . such a simple question, Fiona felt ashamed EXERCISE 197 PRESENT PARTICIPLES (DIFFERENT SUBJECTS) Combine the following sentences using a "Present Participle Phrase". Example: The boy watched the

girls. The girls were playing hide and seek The boy watched the girls playing hide and seek. I am looking at the student. The student is cheating in the exam I am looking at the student cheating in the exam. 1) I caught the man. He was stealing money from the safe 2) I heard Mrs. Smith She was arguing with her husband 3) Rose spoke to the man. He was playing tennis 264 4) She noticed two men. They were working on the farm 5) They found the dog. It was lying on the floor 6) I heard Lynda. She was playing Beethoven's violin concerto 7) I observed two witnesses. They were looking at the documents 8) I felt someone. He was touching my shoulder 9) My father saw the girl. She was playing backgammon with her friend 10) I met Betty; she was running after her child in the street. 11) I saw Tom's spirit. It was walking beside me 12) We saw the children. They were opening the door 13) 1 watched the men. They were destroying the furniture 14) My father noticed the

child. He was entering the courtyard 15) The woman heard someone. He was shouting at the top of his voice 16) The children watched the farmer. He was walking the dog in the park 17) When he passed the ball to Renaldo, he ran towards the penalty area. 18) Because I was not told to come at nine, I arrived late. 19) As I had never studied English before, I failed (in) the exam. 20) After Paul did his homework, he went for a swim. 21) As I had left my wallet at home, I couldn't pay for the meal. 22) She finished cleaning up and then she started cooking. 23) Because he had made no profit that year, he set fire to his own factory. 24) When Daniel has typed the letter, she will go to the cinema. 25) After I had eaten lunch, I drank coffee. 26) As we had not seen each other for ages, we had a chat for hours. 27) Because I have lost my job, I am now unemployed. 28) Since / because we had never been to the city before, we bought a guide-book. 29) As / because I didn't notice the time,

I missed the train. 30) When Sandy had finished her work, she started to play the piano. 31) As / because George has worked hard, he will probably be promoted. 32) After I had eaten lunch, I went out to play football. 33) When Rain bird has typed the letter, he will go to the theatre. 34) When she found a good job, she began to look for a flat. 35) When I heard a noise in the street, I looked out of the window. 36) After she had paid at the cash desk, she left the supermarket. EXERCISE 198 PRESENT PARTICIPLES (DIFFERENT SUBJECTS) Answer the following questions using a "Present Participle Phrase" for the information given in brackets. Example: A: What did you notice? (The rope was hanging from the ceiling.) 265 B: I noticed (that) the rope hanging from the ceiling. 1. A: What did you observe? (The two witnesses were looking at the prisoner) B:. 2. A: What did you see? (Tom was playing tennis) B:. 3. A: What did your mother hear? (The phone was ringing) B:. 4. A: What did

Melissa feel? (The room was spinning round Melissa) B:. 5. A: What did the children hear? (A nightingale was singing in the forest) B:. 6. A: What did you spot? (A body was floating near the seashore) B:. 7. A: What did the woman observe? (A strange object was flying over the sea) B:. 8. A: What did your father notice? (Three men were swimming towards the shore) B:. 9. A: What did the teacher see? (My aunt was looking at the students strangely) B:. 10. A: What did your sister overhear? (Pamela was shouting at the secretary) B:. 11. A: What did your father smell? (The cake was burning in the kitchen) B:. 12. A: What did Mary watch? (Carmen was reading the programme at the concert) B:. 13. A: What did you listen to? (Jennifer Lopez was singing on the stage) B:. 14. A: What did your sister witness? (The man was beating the woman cruelly) B:. 15. A: What did you hear? (Helen was playing Beethoven’s violin concerto) B:. 16. A: What did the policeman notice? (The criminal was crossing the

street) B:. 266 EXERCISE 199 PRESENT/ PAST PARTICIPLE (AS ADJECTIVES) Complete the following sentences with the correct participles in brackets. Example: I am reading an . article about love, (interesting/ interested) I am reading an interesting article about love. (Present Participle) Helga is very much . in architecture, (interesting/interested) Helga is very much interested in architecture. (Past Participle) 1) I am a little bit . About my lather's health, (worrying / worried) 2) I was very . when I arrived home, (tiring / tired) 3) It is the most. film I have ever seen, (exciting / excited) 4) The lecture was very . 5) I have felt. 6) When I opened the door, there was a . 7) It has been an awfully . day I must sit down for a moment, (tiring/ tired) 8) She was . 9) The teacher was quite . . ever since I left home, (depressing/depressed) . noise, (terrifying / terrified) . with her son when he failed the test, (annoying/

annoyed) 10) What is the . 11) Rose was very . ., so a lot of people left, (boring / bored) with my progress, (satisfying /satisfied) . point of this metal? (breaking /broken) . about her new job (boring/bored) 12) The capacity of this man for hard work is . . (amazing/ amazed) 13) The. . child didn't know what to do. (terrifying/ terrified) 14) I was . . when I saw a man walking on the roof (amazing/amazed) 15) My father was repairing the . . . chair in the garden, (breaking/ broken) 16) He told us funny stories but they weren't very . 17) Kate looked . . (amusing / amused) . rather than pleased, (embarrassing/embarrassed) 18) I have just heard some . . news about her (worrying/worried) 19) When I feel . I always go to the cinema, (depressing / depressed) 20) It was. . to see how little had been done, (disheartening/ disheartened) 21) You will be . 22) It was a very . 23) I am very . . . by the beauty of the city, (enchanting

/enchanted) . experience for a small child, (frightening / frightened) . with the results, (pleasing/pleased) 24) The epidemic is spreading at an . . rate, (alarming / alarmed) 25) The possibility that 1 might lose my job is very . 26) Thank you very much for a very 27) We are . . . (worrying/worried) . presentation, (interesting/ interested) . to hear about this new project, (exciting /excited) 267 28) We were all. . . by your joke at the party (amusing /amused) 29) There was an . . smile on her face, (enchanting /enchanted) 30) Mary was very . 31) I was . 32) It wasn’t. . and she wanted to go to bed. (tiring/ tired) . of the man I saw in the street, {frightening/ frightened) . . performance by a young musician, (astonishing/ astonished) EXERCISE 200 PERFECT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS) Rewrite the following sentences using a "Perfect Participle Phrase" for the ''Adverbial Clauses of Reason". Examples: As/because John

worked hard all day, he got tired. Having worked hard all day, John got tired Because I was not told to come at nine, I arrived late. Not having been told to come at nine, I arrived late. As/because I had never studied English before, I failed the exam. Never having studied English before, I failed the exam. 1) As/because I had left my wallet at home, I couldn't pay for die meal. 2) Since/because I have lost my job, I am now unemployed. 3) Because I had La ugh I my son to swim. I let him go swimming alone 4) As/because we had not seen each other for ages, we had a chat for hours. 5) Since/because we had never been to the city before, we bought a guide-book. 6) As/because George has worked hard, he will probably be promoted- 7) I didn't see the letter. I didn't know what ii was about 8) As/because he had drunk too much at the party Johnny had a terrible headache. 9) As/because he had been warned that bad weather lay ahead, he changed course. 10)

As/because I was deeply shocked, 1 made up my mind not to speak to her again. 11) Jane forgot to take her book. She is unhappy now 12) Tom had broken his leg. He didn't take part in the tennis tournament 13) I had broken her heart. I went back to apologize 14) As/because I didn't notice the Time, I missed the train. 15) Since/because I didn't have any money, I couldn't go to the concert with her. 268 EXERCISE 201 PERFECT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS) Combine or rewrite the following sentences using a "Perfect Participle Phrase" for the "Adverbial Clauses of Time and Reason”. Examples: After I have talked to my father, I led much better. (After) having talked to my father, I fed much better. When Isabel saw the police, she got frightened. Having seen the police, Isabel got frightened. As / because Sabrina finished the job, she gave a sigh of relief. Having finished the job, Sabrina gave a sigh of relief, I didn't see the letter. I didn’t

know what it was about Not having seen the letter, I didn’t know what it was about. 1) As/because I have acted upon your recommendation, I have decided to be a pilot. 2) Tom had broken his leg. He didn't take part in the tournament 3) I have broken her heart. I went back to apologize 4) Matilda saw her ex-husband. She became worried 5) Jack had taken off his overalls and now wore a suit. 6) Once / when she had said good bye to Gila, she packed her bags. 7) My mother gave Melanie her breakfast and then watched her eat it. 8) As I spent the whole afternoon watching TV, I didn’t manage 10 finish my homework. 9) When I had spent all my money, I asked my brother to lend me some. 10) The postman was out of breath after he had run so far. 269 11) As I drank some coffee last night, I couldn’t go to sleep until three in the morning. 12) As I have lived in Hong Kong for twelve years, I have a wide knowledge of China. 13) After he had eaten so much at

dinner, he suffered from indigestion. 14) After I had made a reasonable amount of money, I didn’t need to do any more work. 15) As/because Sheila had worked all day, she got tired. EXERCISE 202 PERFECT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS) Rewrite the following sentences using a "Perfect Participle Phrase" for the "Adverbial Clauses of Time". (WHEN /AFTER) Example: + HAVING + PAST PARTICIPLE Linda saw the police. She became worried Having seen the police, Linda became worried. When Isabel saw the police, she got frightened. Having seen the police, Isabel got frightened. After Daniel had finished her dinner, she paid the bill. (After) having finished her dinner, Daniel paid the bill. 1) After I had eaten lunch, I went out to play football. 2) After Janine had done her shopping, she went for a swim. 3) When Rainbird has typed the letter, he will go to the theatre. 4) When she found a good job, Emily began to look for a flat. 5) When I heard a noise in the

street, I looked out of the window. 270 6) When 1 found the front door open, I became suspicious. 7) After I looked up their number in the phone book, I phoned again. 8) Alter she paid / had paid at the cash desk, she left the supermarket. 9) When he passed the ball to Peter, he ran towards the penalty area. 10) Alter I have talked to my father, I feel much better. 11) Melinda saw her ex-husband. She became worried 12) After 1 had finished decorating, I felt completely exhausted. 13) After the judge heard both sides, he gave his verdict. 14) When the woman got off the bus, she saw a man with a bear. EXERCISE 203 PRESENT/PERFECT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS) Rewrite the following sentences using either a "Present Participle Phrase" or a "Perfect Participle Phrase" Example: Present Participle: I was going to the bus-stop. I met an old friend Going to the bus-stop, I met an old friend. Perfect Participle or Present Participle: I finished my homework. I went

to the cinema Having finished my homework, I went to the cinema. Finishing my homework, I went to the cinema. 271 1) I watched the discussion about boxing on TV I made up my mind not to be boxer. 2) He stole the silver cup. He looked for a place to hide 3) I stood at the rear window. I used a pair of binoculars 4) I knew that he was poor. I offered him a proper job 5) I heard that the caves were dangerous. I didn't want to go any further without a gun 6) I knew that he was hard of hearing. I shouted to him at the top of my voice 7) She believed that she could trust him. She gave him the cheque 8) I was very tired. I went straight to bed 9) Rose complained loudly. She asked the man to wait until she came back 10) I found him sick. I sent him to (the) hospital right away 11) I spent three years with him in Paris. I knew what he was interested in 12) I made up my mind. I got married to the girl I loved 13) She sat down in the kitchen. She drank her coffee 14)

James came back from his run. He felt good EXERCISE 204 PRESENT/PERFECT PARTICIPLES (DIFFERENT SUBJECTS) Combine or rewrite the following sentences using a "Present or Past Participle Phrase". Notice that the subjects of the two clauses and sentences are different, so we cannot omit the subjects in the Participle Clauses. 272 Example: Present Participle: As (he dog was barking furiously, Silva threw a stone at it. The dog barking furiously, Silva threw a stone at it. Perfect Participle: After her father left/had left the house, I told them the truth. Her father having left the house, I told them the truth. 1) The restaurant was closed, so we had to go to another one. 2) The bus had gone. I offered her a lift 3) The children were not sleepy, so we decided to stay a little longer at the party 4) My clothes had been returned to me. I was free to go 5) The bus drivers were on strike, so we decided to walk to work. 6) The chair leg was in my hand. I stammered an

apology 7) Our clothes were wet, so we decided to sit by the fire. 8) Tears were rolling down her face. Helga screamed more loudly 9) The job had been done. I left the house 10) My son had taken the car. We were forced to travel by car 11) Maria was ordered to stand for several hours. I soon grew weary waiting for her 12) The crowds cheered. The royal party drove to die palace 13) Since / because Natalie had broken her leg, the doctor sent her to hospital. 14) After the fire had been extinguished, the firemen departed. 273 EXERCISE 205 PRESENT/PAST PARTICIPLES Complete the sentences with the "Present Participle" or "Past Participle" forms of the "verbs" in brackets. Example : Present Participle: It is the most. film I've ever seen, (excite) It is the most exciting film I've ever seen. Past Participle: He became very . about the Cup Final, (excite) He became very excited about the Cup Final. 1) We found her . music in the attic,

(listen to) 2) The protestors marched down the street. banners, (wave) 3) The two people . in the accident are still in a critical condition, (injure) 4) Not. to create a scene, she waited until her husband came, (want) 5) The town . for the next Olympics was one nobody had expected, (choose) 6) The man . to repair the television set was useless, (send) 7) He looked at her hard,. her face, (study) 8) Rosemary was in the West Indies . some friends, (visit) 9) He went into the kitchen . his coffee, (drink) 10) Not having . her for many years, I cried with joy (see) 11) Here is a letter . by your ex-husband, (write) 12) . a teacher, you are used to this kind of exercise, (be) 13) Natalie came into my study . a Russian song, (sing) 14) The concert. by the Orchestra was a great success, (conduct) 15) Rose was sitting there . the teacher in admiration, (stare at) 16) It is a temporary delay . by the weather, (cause) 17) The student. to the hospital is very

poor, (take) 18) The play which I saw was very . (interest) 19) The woman . in the house was crying with fear, (trap) 20) The . child was waiting in front of the house, (cry) 21) After the exhaustive search, they found the . children, (miss) 22) Anyone . by a strange dog should see the doctor, (bite) 23) Most of the people . to the party were old friends, (invite) 24) There is a student. at the board, (yawn) 25) What Mary said was very . (touch) 274 26) I was trying to save the . child, (drown) 27) Many children take part in plays . by their school, (organise) 28) I don't know the number of the books . (order) 29) The doctor found him . with pain, (groan) 30) . the envelope, he was to see his name, (look at/ astonish) EXERCISE 206 EXPRESSING SIMILARITIES (SO/NEITHER) Write a short response using "SO" or "NEITHER" to agree with each of the following statements. Use the words in brackets and the necessary "Auxiliary

Verbs". Examples: My father speaks English well. (I) My father speaks English well. So do I I go to the cinema every week, (my father) . I go to the cinema every week. So does my father Melissa wrote the sentence on the board. (Kathleen) Melissa wrote the sentence on the board. So did Kathleen My sister doesn't smoke. (I) My sister doesn't smoke. Neither do I I didn't have breakfast this morning, (my sister) . I didn't have breakfast this morning. Neither did my sister 1) Our English teacher is very rich, (my father) . 2) This book isn't very interesting. (Helen's book) 3) I will spend my holidays on the island, (my parents) . 4) We cannot speak English very well, (the teacher) . 5) My father was in the Turkish Navy, (ray children) . 6) I wasn't very happy when I was in London, (my friends) . 7) Betty had an accident yesterday. (I) 8) I have been to London many times, (my uncle) . 9) The teacher isn't interested in

history, (the students) . 10) I couldn’t understand the teacher yesterday. (Matilda) 11) My father is a generous man. (mine) 12) I am not going to the cinema tonight, (we) . 13) f have a terrible headache. (Hilda) 14) My father doesn't like sitting in the sun. (they) 275 15) We were sitting in the kitchen at six o'clock, (my father) . 16) I am going to complain to the principal. (Mandy) 17) The students are listening to the news, (the teacher) . 18) Jane has just graduated from school. (Angela and Kate) 19) I have an appointment with the dentist, (my mother) . 20) We didn't enjoy the film last night. (Natalie) 21) She doesn't have any time to play tennis, (you) . 22) They were looking for the lost sheep, (we) . 23) Belinda will go to Germany next month, (they) . 24) We didn't have a good time at the party. (Betty) 25) I couldn't speak English when I was five, (my sister) . EXERCISE 207 EXPRESSING SIMILARITIES (EITHER/NEITHER) Complete the

following sentences using "EITHER" or "NEITHER" and the necessary "Auxiliary Verbs". Example: A: I don't like walking in the rain. B: I don’t, either Neither do I A: I am not listening to the radio. B: My mother isn't, either Neither is my mother 1. A: My father doesn't speak French B: William's father ., 2. A: 1 didn't see the accident B: We . 3. A: I can't run very fast B: My sister . 4. A: We will not send the flowers to Rose B: The children . 5. A: My English teacher isn't fond of pop music B: Mine . 6. A: They couldn't understand the teacher B: Steve Martin . 7. A: I have never been to Japan in my life B: Tom Carol. 8. A: Cathy wasn't dancing at the party when I got there 276 B: Barbara . 9. A: Angela hadn't learned Turkish before she went to Turkey B: You . 10. A: They shouldn't cross the street without looking both sides B: Your mother . 11. A: Veronica was not looking at the paintings

on the wall B: Patricia . 12. A: My father didn't get up early this morning B: My children . 13. A: They are not jumping up and down on the bed B: I. 14. A: Helen was not in Paris last year B: My sister . 15. A: My English teacher will not be very happy if she goes to Paris B: The principal. EXERCISE 208 CHOICES OR ALTERNATIVE (EITHER . OR) Answer the following questions using the "EITHER . OR" in order to express a Choice or Alternative Examples: A: Are you going to learn French or Spanish. B: I don't know. I am going to learn either French or Spanish A: Will you go to the cinema or stay at home? B: I am not sure. I will either go to the cinema or stay at home A: Which one will tell the truth, your sister or your brother? B: I am not certain. Either my sister or my brother will tell the truth 1. A: Must I tell you the truth or go to jail? B:. 2. A: Can I have tea or coffee? B:. 3. A: Must the students come to school on Monday or Tuesday? 277 B: . 4.

A: Shall we go to Ankara by plane or by bus? B: . . 5. A: Can I play tennis or basketball? B: . . 6. A: Is Lara going to spend her holidays in Italy or in Spain? B: . 7. A: Are the students at home or in the garden? B:. . . 8. A: Is Sandra studying English or Russian? B:. 9. A: Which one will meet you at the airport, Martha or Julia? B: . 10. A: Are you going to buy a car or a motorbike? B:. 11. A: Should we go to Antalya or Bodrum for our summer holidays? B:. 12. A: What do you think that I should do, study my lessons or go to the party with Jane? B:. 13. A: Which of your brothers will go to university, George or David? B: . 14. A: Are you going to get married to Lillian or Monica? B: . 15. A: Will you go swimming or study for your exam? B: . EXERCISE 209 NEITHER . NOR Combine or rewrite the following sentences using "NEITHER . NOR" Example: Tom is not a good husband. He is not a good father, either Tom is neither

a good husband nor a good father. Kate doesn't like fish. Her father doesn't like fish, either Neither Kate nor her father likes fish I don’t like beer and 1 don't smoke, either. I neither like beer, nor do I smoke. 278 1. Anne didn't pass the test Susan didn't pass the test, either 2. I don't like cheese for breakfast My wife doesn't, either 3. Lora cannot speak Russian She cannot speak French, either 4. I haven’t read the book I haven’t seen the play, either 5. Julia hasn't eaten anything and she hasn't drunk anything, either 6. They didn't allow her to go to the disco They didn't allow her to go to the party, either 7. I didn't see the teacher I didn't write a letter to him, either 8. The teacher doesn't play tennis The children don't play tennis, either 9. I don't know the teacher My father doesn't know the teacher, either 10. Jennifer hasn't got a Mazda She hasn't got a Toyota,

either 11. I was not hungry I was not thirsty, either 12. I cannot make a cake I cannot make an omelette, either 13. My sister doesn't like pop music My brother doesn't, either 14. Istanbul is not in Africa Samsun is not in Africa, either 15. I don’t go to church I don't go to mosque, either EXERCISE 210 NOT ONLY. BUT ALSO 279 Answer the following questions using "NOT ONLY . BUT ALSO " Example : A: You speak Spanish. Do you also speak French? B: Yes, I speak not only Spanish but also French. A: You locked the door. Did you secure the windows as well? B: Not only did I lock the door, but I also secured the windows. 1. A: Turkish people are very hospitable Are they friendly, too? B: Yes, . . . 2. A: Your parents like classical music Do they like pop music, too? B: Yes, . . . 3. A; You lost your wallet Did you lose your keys, too? B: Yes, . . . . 4. A: Olga failed in chemistry Did she also fail in literature? B:

Yes, . 5. A: Michael is very handsome Is he very rich, too? B: Yes, . . . 6. A: You visited the National Gallery Did you visit the London Tower, too? B: Yes, . . 7. A: Your sister made her bed Did she also do her homework? B: Yes, . . . . . 8. A: You returned the money Did you pay interest, too ? B: Yes, . . . . 9. A: Your sister plays the piano very well Does she play the violin very well, too ? B: Yes, . . 10. A: You have written the letters Have you posted them, too? B: Yes, . . . . . . 11. A: Miranda passed her exam Did she get a very good mark, too ? B: Yes, . . . . . 12. A: You speak German very well Do you speak Italian very well, too ? B: Yes, . . . 13. A: You are angry1 with me Are you angry with my wife, too? B: Yes, . . . . 14. A: You were a very good singer Were you a very good pianist, too ? B: Yes, . . . . 15. A: Your father is very

rich Is your father very generous, too? B: Yes,. . . 280 EXERCISE 211 NOT ONLY . BUT ALSO Combine or rewrite the following sentences using "NOT ONLY . BUT ALSO" Example: Maria has been awarded a prize. Lisa has been awarded a prize, too Not only Maria but also Lisa has been awarded a prize. Isabella is lazy. She is dishonest, too Not only is Isabella lazy but she is also dishonest. 1. Julia invited her parents to the party She invited her friends to the party, too 2. Peter was a well-known detective He became a successful writer, too 3. Roger is a champion athlete He is a first-class musician, too 4. Sandra can speak Portuguese She can speak Spanish, too 5. Caroline is getting married this month Pamela is getting married this month, too 6. The restaurant is dirty The food is awful 7. This hotel is very expensive and the waiters are rude 8. Mandy has helped a lot of people She has donated a lot of money to charity, too 9. Melissa made a lot of mistakes

She avoided using verbs in her composition 10. Jennifer Lopez sings and dances 11. This exercise is tedious It is hard, too 12. Paul smashed a window He damaged the television set, too 13. This car is fast It is economical, too 14. Smith washed the car He polished the car, too 15. This encyclopedia is cheap It is informative, too 16. You are funny You are actually witty, too 281 EXERCISE 212 ASKING FOR PERMISSION Rewrite the following sentences using the structures when we are asking for permission as in the examples below. Examples: I want to close the window. 1) May 1 close the window? 2) Might I close the window? 3) Can I close the window? 4) Could I close the window? 5) Do you mind if I close the window? 6) Would you mind if I closed the window? 7) Is it all right with you if I close the window? 8) Would it be all right if I closed the window? 9) Do you object to my closing the window? 10) Do you raise any objection to my closing the window? 11) Do you have any objection to

my closing the window? 1. I want to play the piano 1) . . ? 2) . 3) . ? 4) . ? 5) . 6) . 7) . 8) . ? 9) . . ? . ? . . 282 . ? . . ? . ? 10) 11) . ? . . ? 2. I want to go To the cinema with my friend tonight 3. I want to play hide and seek with my friends in the garden 4. I want to turn the radio up a little bit 5. I want to take a picture of the villa EXERCISE 213 MAKING SUGGESTIONS "Make Suggestions" using the sentences given in the imperative form as in the examples below. Examples: Have a picnic on the island this weekend. 1) Let's have a picnic on the island this weekend. 2) Let's have a picnic on the island this weekend, shall we? 3) Shall we have a picnic on the island this weekend? 4) What about having a picnic on the island this weekend? 5) How about having a picnic on the island this weekend? 6) Why don't we have a picnic on the island this weekend? 7)

Why not have a picnic on the island this weekend? 8) We could have a picnic on the island this weekend? 9) I suggest that we have a picnic on the island this weekend. 10) I suggest that we (should) have a picnic on the island this weekend. 11) I suggest having a picnic on the island this weekend. 1. Go to the cinema tonight 1) . 2) . 3) . 283 4) . 5) . 6) . 7) . 8) . 9) . 10) . 11) . 2. Visit the Topkapi palace on Sunday 3. Go for a walk in the park 4. Go dancing with the girls tonight 5. Climb up the mountain tomorrow 6. Buy some flowers for our teacher 7. Have a cocktail party in your house 8. Play tennis on Saturday morning 9. Have a drink at the soda fountain 10. Fight against the cruel Serbs EXERCISE 214 MAKING POLITE REQUESTS Make "Polite Requests" using the sentences given in the "Imperative Form" as in the examples below. Examples : Open the window. 1. Open the window, please 2. Please open the window 3. Open the window, will you?

4- Will you open the window, please? 5. Will you please open the window? 6. Would you open the window, please? 7. Would you please open the window? 8. Can you open the window, please? 9. Can you please open the window? 284 10. Could you open the window, please? 11. Could you please open the window? 12. Do you mind opening the window, please? 13. Would you mind opening the window, please? 14. Will / Would you be kind enough to open the window? 15. Will / Would you be so land as to open the window? 16. Would it possible for you to open the window? 17. Do you think that you could possibly open the window? 18- I wonder if you could kindly open the window? 19. I wonder if you would mind opening the window? 20. I was wondering if you could open the window? 21. I will appreciate it if you will open the window? 22. I would appreciate it you would / could open the window? 1. Tell me the time 2. Show me the way to the train station 3. Take the dog for a walk in the afternoon 4. Write your

name on the board 5. Help me with my homework 6. Raise your voice 7. Turn your radio down a little bit 8. Take this book to the teacher 9. Check my tyres while I wait 10. Leave your camera at the desk 11. Explain the subject to the students 12. Speak quietly in the library 13. Do the dishes while I am studying 14. Feel my pulse 15. Lie on the floor EXERCISE 215 MAKING AN OFFER Rewrite the following sentences using "Shall I.?" as in the example below Example : Do you want me to do the shopping for you? Shall I do the shopping for you? Would you like me to help you with your homework? Shall I help you with your homework? 1) Do you want me to lock the door? 2) Would you like me to write the questions on the board? 285 3) Do you want me to iron your shirt? 4) Would you like me to type the letter for you? 5) Do you want me to pick some flowers for you? 6) Would you like me to explain the lesson once again? 7) Do you want me to move the furniture? 8) Would

you like me to feed the cat? 9) Do you want me to write down the telephone number? 10) Would you like me to count the books on the shelf? 11) Do you want me to open the windows? 12) Would you like me to turn the lights on? 13) Do you want me to take your car to the garage? 14) Would you like me to carry these boxes for you? 15) Do you want me to explain the meaning of this poem? 16) Would you like me to water the flowers in the garden? 286 EXERCISE 216 DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (SUBJECTIVE CASE) Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative Pronouns "WHO", "WHICH" or "THAT". Example: The man will be very rich. The man won the first prize last week The man who won the first prize last week will be very rich. 1) The girl is very beautiful. She is sitting next to me 2) The girl is my Talker's secretary. The girl had an accident yesterday 3) The clerk doesn't work here

anymore. He was the most impolite person in the world 4) The boy threw a stone at me. He has just gone to the cinema with his friend 5) The woman is in love with my brother. She has been living in Italy for a long time 6) The man rushed into the bank. He was wearing a silk stocking over his face 7) The article was about the Turkish troops in Iraq. It was criticized by the press 8) The books are lying on the table. They are very interesting 9) The man has been arrested by the police. He lives on the third floor 10) The woman cannot play tennis very well. She has poor eyesight 11) The fire started on the third floor. It destroyed the whole building 12) The aeroplane frightened the students. It was flying very low over the school 13) The story was very amusing. It was told by my teacher yesterday 14) The doctor is on holiday now. He usually attends my mother 15) The roads will he blocked with snow soon. They lead to Artvin 16) The men have been put in prison. They shot the

seals last week 287 EXERCISE 217 DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (SUBJECTIVE CASE) Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative Pronouns "WHO", "WHICH" or "THAT". Example: I know the girls. The girls went to Paris last week I know the girls who went to Paris last week. 1) I saw the woman. The woman dropped her purse on the bus yesterday 2) I visited the man. The man used to live with my family years ago 3) I am going to get married to the man. He went to London on business last week 4) Where can I catch the bus? It goes to Piccadilly Circus. 5) They put the blame on the woman. She was seen getting on a train two days ago 6) The robber pointed his gun at the clerk. The clerk was at the party last night 7) Our neighbour saw the thief. The thief was wearing blue jeans 8) I have a friend. He has been running a shop in Athens for a long time 9) My friend lives in a house. The

house is on the river 10) The policeman is looking for a man. The man left his car in front of the hospital 11) My teacher gets impatient with the students. They are uninterested and inattentive 12) Peter took the place of the performer. He had been injured in a car accident 13) The train was crowded with the students. They were all very friendly 14) The police are looking for a woman. She is thought to be very dangerous 15) This method was widely used to cure the patients. They were mentally ill 16) I have a friend. He has never been to the cinema in his life 288 EXERCISE 218 DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (OBJECTIVE CASE) Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative Pronouns "WHO", "WHOM1', "WHICH" or "THAT". Example: The man is rolling in money. You see the man over there The man (who / whom) you see over there is rolling in money. 1. The woman has just deserted me I got

married to the woman for her money 2. The pictures have been stolen by a thief The woman painted them on the island 3. The woman has gone to live in Spain I met the woman at a party a few weeks ago 4. The girl is my sister You have just told her the story 5. The ring was not diamond My friend bought the ring for his sweetheart, 6. The (lowers smell very nice 1 cut them this morning 7. The girl was a teacher 1 introduced the girl to my family the other day 8. The money should be spent on food They will spend the money on drink 9. The man was a sales representative I talked to him in the shop a few days ago 10. The woman has been given the job They interviewed the woman yesterday 11. The drugs only exacerbated the pain The doctor gave the drugs to me yesterday 12. The film was terrible We saw the film last week 13. The little girl was very poor The sailors found her on a deserted island the other day 14. The novels are very difficult to read He wrote the novels late in life 15. The

sights interested him a great deal The sailors saw the sights in Istanbul 16. The houses are very expensive My father wanted to buy them last week 289 EXERCISE 219 DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (OBJECTIVE CASE) Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative Pronouns "WHO", "WHOM", "WHICH" or "THAT". Example: I love the teacher. You saw the teacher in the park the other day, I love the teacher (who / whom) you saw in the park the other day. 1) I am in love with the woman. I saw the woman at the theatre last week 2) I will sell the antiques. I found them in my grandmother's attic 3) Everybody knows the girl. You met her at the party last night 4) I am cross with the girl. My father advised her to see a doctor right away 5) I am riding on the animal. My father bought it last week 6) I had a row with the girl. I gave her a colourful book last week 7) I cannot find

the book. I was reading it last night 8) I didn't like the present. John gave it to me yesterday 9) I like the sweater. My mother made it for me 10) My father hung the picture on the wall. He had painted it when he was on the island 11) Mary has a bicycle. She rides it every weekend 12) Helen has lost the ruler. She bought it yesterday 13) I am wearing the shoes. My uncle bought them for me last week 290 14) The woman pointed her gun at the doctor. I met the doctor at the airport last night 15) She told us a story. I didn't believe it 16) Someone has stolen the pencil I laid it on the table a few minutes ago. EXERCISE 220 DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (POSSESSIVE CASE) Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative Pronoun "WHOSE". Example : The girl is my daughter. You heard her beautiful voice yesterday The girl whose beautiful voice you heard yesterday is my daughter. 1. The

little boy couldn't go to school His arm was broken last week 2. Lucy got married to a man His family lives in Madrid 3. The lady went to Barcelona Her villa was sold at a low price last week 4. The man is a war hero His father was sent to prison last week 5. The old man lived alone His house was broken into last night 6. The girl cried bitterly Her doll got broken last night 7. The man must be worried 1 found his keys on the floor yesterday 291 8. The car will be sold at a low price Its owner is a famous play-wright 9. I have seen the car They had smashed up its fenders 10. The policeman speaks French wonderfully His family stayed in France for four years 11. The lady has just bought a dog I am staying at her house 12. The car was hit by a driver Its insurance had expired a short time ago 13. He has written a book I have completely forgotten its name 14. The man seems to be very happy His house is full of children 15. The man has gone to Paris I visited his house the other

day 16. The girl was saving money to go to the Netherlands Her father works in a bank EXERCISE 221 DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause" Use the Relative Adverb "WHERE". Example: This is the hotel. My parents stayed there (at the hotel) last year This is the hotel where my parents stayed last year. This is the hotel at which my parents stayed last year. 292 This is the hotel which my parents stayed at last year. 1. I am eager to visit the house Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born there 2. The shop was full of people yesterday We bought the camera there 3. The restaurant will be sold at a very high price We spent the night there 4. I am fond of the city We had such a good time there 5. The old man went to the hospital His son is working there as a doctor 6. I cannot remember the address I sent the package there 7. The room was very dark The exam was being given there 8. We went to the island We

lived there for a couple of weeks last year 9. We had a cellar underneath the house My mother used to do the washing there 10. We went to the dining-room My sister was busy setting the table there 11. The house has been demolished I spent my childhood there 12. The hospital is a very good one My father was treated there last year 13. I would like to return to the town 1 was born there 14. Could you tell me the nearest place? They sell stamps there 15. The child was abandoned in the forest He was at the mercy of the beasts there 293 EXERCISE 222 DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative Adverb "WHEN". Example: July is the month. The weather is usually the hottest then July is the month when (in which) the weather is usually the hottest. 1. It is the hour of the day All the activities slow clown then 2. We went to the island in May All trees blossom then 3. He came to Turkey in

1998 His company opened a new office then 4. The day was very windy You last saw Mary then 5. I remember the morning The soldiers left the city then 6. Last summer was the time I learned how to swim then 7. The time hasn't been set yet The exam is going to be given then 8. Tom studied about the period The discovery was made then 9. I will never forget the time George came to school then 10. Can you suggest a time? It will be convenient to meet then 11. It was the day My mother saw a lemon tree for the first time then 12. That was the day I got my first job then 13. She has been having problems since the day My grandmother died then 14. My father was visiting the town on the day The war broke oat then 15. 1960 was the year Our wedding took place then (in that year) 16. Sunday is the day I get up late then 294 EXERCISE 223 DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (PREPOSITIONS) Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative

Pronouns "WHO", "WHOM", "WHICH" or "THAT". Example: The girl lives in Paris. I am in love with the girl a. The girl (who / whom) I am in love with lives in Paris The girl with whom I am in love lives in Paris I. The school was founded in the fifteenth century My children go to it a. b. 2. The car had been stolen The robbers got away in it a. b. 3. The man gave me different information I spoke to him this morning a. b. 4. The hospital enjoys a good reputation I am employed in the hospital a. b. 5. My father is using a computer I am not familiar with it a. b. 6. The chair is not comfortable You are silting on it now a. b. 7. The girl comes from Italy I shared the room with her when 1 was in London a. b. 8. The room is on the second floor We study in the room a. b. 9. I want to buy the book Everybody is talking about it 295 a. b. 10. The club is very expensive Many entertainers belong to it a. b. 11. The man has got married again I

bought this car from him last month a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. The woman has left for Paris today You were sitting next to her at the cinema a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13. The elephant was brought from India The children were riding on it half an hour ago a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14. The hook belongs to my brother You took a page out of the book

a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15. The city has a lot of interesting places We are now flying over the city a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16. The house will be on sale pretty soon They are looking at the house a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17. The man is my uncle Mary spoke of him a minute ago 18. Can you show me the house? Atatürk was born and brought up in it

a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19. The part of the city was near the castle I was talking about it last night a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20. The man is very old We often go to him for advice a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21. The girl is still unmarried Some of the children take piano lessons from her

a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------296 22. The address was wrong Melissa sent the letter to the address a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23. The officer has just got married We were having a chat with him at the party a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24. The treaty was signed yesterday We have been talking about it for days

a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25. All the efforts were useless He was very proud of them a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26. The project was cancelled My sister was working on it a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27. The train was very crowded We were travelling on/in it yesterday

a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28. I enjoyed the music I listened to it last night a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29. The vehicle was involved in a road accident The goods were being transported in it a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30. The thing was really of little importance You were arguing about it

a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31. We regret to inform you that the book is unobtainable You inquired about it, a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. The house is in need of considerable repair I live in it a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33. The house had just caught fire The people ran out of it

a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------297 34. The hotel is located in the centre of Rome You are going to stay at it a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------35- The students are from Morocco. My brother is in close contact with them, a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36- The lady is my aunt. I introduced you to her the other day

a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37. It was Helen William borrowed the money from her a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------38. The documents appear to have been mislaid You refer to them a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39. The man is ill today I usually drive to work with him

a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------40. It was John We had to wait for him so long a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------41. The woman pays me a fair salary I have been working for her for a long time a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------42. The man is the director of the film You should send your application to him.

a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298 EXERCISE 224 DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES Describe the people, using a "Relative Clause". Use the Prompts on the list below * He acts on the stage. * He steers a ship. * He kills a famous or important person. * He flies a plane. * He treats sick people. * He treats our teeth. * He works for a newspaper. 299 Example : * He sells meat. * He collects stamps. * He bakes bread. * He looks after patients in hospitals. * He repairs cars. * He buys or sells goods in large quantities. * He sets fire to property * He always steals things and can't stop doing it. A: What is an actor? B: An actor is a person who acts on the stage. 1. A: What is a doctor? B:. . 2. A: Whal is a mechanic? B:. . 3. A: What is a captain? B:. . 4.

A: Whal is a pilot? B:. . 5. A: What is a baker? B:. . 6. A: What is a dentist? B: . . 7. A: What is a butcher? B: . 8. A: What is an arsonist? B. 9. A: What is a merchant? B: . 10. A: What is a journalist? B: . 11. A: What is a nurse? B:. . 300 12. A:What is a philatelist? B:. . 13. A:What is an assassin? B: . . 14. A: What is a kleptomaniac? B:. . EXERCISE 225 DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES Answer the following questions using a "Relative Clause" beginning with "WHERE'1. Example : A: What is a dormitory? B: A dormitory is a large room where a lot of people sleep. 1. A: What is a nightclub? B:. 2. A; What is a lunatic asylum? B:. 3. A: What is an air-port? B:. 4. A: What is a zoo? B:. 5. A: What is a greenhouse? B:. 6. A: What is a dispensary? B:. 7. A: What is a hospital? B:. 8. A: What is a library? B:. 9. A: What is a prison? B:. 10. A: What is a crematorium? B:. 11. A: What is an operating theatre? 301 B:. 12. A: What is a mosque? B:. 13. A:

What is a cemetery? B:. 14. A: What is an aquarium? B:. 15. A: What is an orphanage? B:. 16. A: What is a ship-yard? B:. 17. A: What is a restaurant? B:. EXERCISE 226 NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Example-: Istanbul is a big city Istanbul was the capital of the Ottoman Empire. Istanbul, which was the capital of the Ottoman Empire, is a big city. 1. Edison was not a brilliant student at school He invented the light bulb 2. Dr Smith has come to visit a patient His car is outside the building 3. Hamlet is a tragedy It is a famous play by Shakespeare 4. Ronald Reagan was the President of the USA He had once been an actor 5. My sister wants to speak to you You met her at the party last night 6. Tina Turner is loved by everybody She was born when the Second World War broke out 7. I am familiar with Mrs Short Her daughter lives in New York 8. The Blue Mosque is famous for its tiles It has six

minarets 9. These papers belong to Bernard 1 am sharing a room with him 10. Mrs Fortune was a writer Her dead body was found in the cellar last night 11. The German car was driven by an American It won the race 12. Did you like my shoes? My father bought them on my birthday 13. The Pyrenees are often covered with snow They divide Spain from France 14. Atatürk was a real genius He is very well-known all over the world 15. They went to China They lived there for many years 302 16. The Atatürk Dam didn't solve the energy problem It was built many years ago 17. I am a student at Leeds University It is in the north of England EXERCISE 227 RELATIVE PRONOUNS / RELATIVE ADVERBS Complete the following sentences with the "Relative Pronouns" or "Relative Adverbs" on the list below. RELATIVE PRONOUNS RELATIVE ADVERBS WHO WHICH WHOSE WHOM THAT WHERE WHY WHEN 1. This is the street . I live. 2. The operation . was carried out yesterday was a great success

3. The person . gave you that information must be an idiot 4. The man 1 loved so much lei t without saying good bye, 5. Mary is longing for the day . they will move out of the city 6. The shop . he bought the camera vas lull of people 7. The writer . books I always enjoy reading is Graham Greene 8. This is the biggest mushroom I have ever seen 9. I will never forget the day . I went to Paris with my father 303 10. I am sorry we have nothing . suits you 11. Mr and Mrs Bucket have a small boy 12. The day . name is Charlie . he left Istanbul for Paris was Monday 13. The car by I came is waiting in the street 14. The reason they came here is obvious. 15. k was him started the argument at the party last night 16. 1 cannot remember anything . 17. Do you know the person with . 18. Is that the address to 19. All . he said my father went to the circus last night ? you sent the books? . glitters is not gold 20. She was the first

woman . was elected to Parliament 21. I am trying to find some shoes match this dress 22. There are certain days 23. I know a girl . . people give presents and send cards . brother is a film star 24. I cannot remember the place 25. The few books . I first fell in love with Deleon . they have are all novels 26. The woman to Jane gave the money is very poor 27. The book for you have been looking is very interesting 28. We visited Buckingham Palace, the Royal family lives 29. The artist . exhibit we saw last night is a pianist also. 30. Maria is the only girl understands me 31. Rose is married to a doctor of 32. The day you may have heard. . she agreed to marry him was the happiest he had ever had in his life 33. She has a lot of friends . are unemployed 34. There are some parts of the world even now people cannot read and write 35. There is hardly a moment I don't think of you, Matilda EXERCISE 228 RELATIVE-CLAUSES (MIXED TYPES)

Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". 1. The theatre opened in 1983 It is on High Street 2. The pencil is on the table, I write my letters with it 3. The boy is my brother He has a red coat on 4. Do you know the woman? Her luggage has got lost 5. This famous picture is worth thousands of pounds It was painted in 1860 304 6. Stratford is the place where Shakespeare was born It attracts many tourists 7. The man is my neighbour The children saw him- in the street yesterday 8. The man has just gone abroad His house was sold last month 9. 1 left the house at four o'clock They were still arguing then 10. My father drives very carefully He has got a Toyota 11. The Eiffel Tower is the highest construction in Paris It is the symbol of France; 12. Paul was the first person I asked for his-advice the other day 13. This is the person Mary was talking about,' 14. It is a shop You can buy everything you want there 15. The river is

the Thames It flows through London 16. I like people People make me laugh 17. I saw a naked man He was looking-at a lovely girl 18. Ankara is the city My father has lived there for fifteen years 19. I cannot remember the name of the man He invented the telephone 20. This is the book I found it yesterday 21. She is longing for the day They can move out of the city 22. The pollution is getting worse and worse We spoke about it last night at the meeting 23. We have a little room We keep our animals there 24. The woman is a pilot You met her husband at the cocktail party the other day 25. The man called the police His car was stolen last night 26. I will never forget the day I first went to Paris then 27. The woman was shot in the leg She tackled the gunman 28. The event took place several years ago You were talking about it last night 29. This is the biggest fish I have ever seen it 30. That is the man His house burned down last week 31. The girl used to live in London I cannot remember

her name 32. He took the name from an English river He had once lived near it 33. This is a dance contest It will last round the clock 34. My father gave some money to the beggar The beggar was looking very sad 35. It was a kind of computer I was not familiar with it 36. The experiment was a complete success This theory was based on it 37. I met the teacher The girl got married to him last month 38. The teacher has retired They were complaining about him 39. These are cold-blooded creatures They lay their eggs on land 40. This symphony is by Mozart It is called "Jupiter' 41. It was Mary She threw a stone at the dog 305 42. Composers are highly paid They write music for films 43. I know an old lady The old lady swallowed a spider 44. Atatürk is greatly admired by everybody in the world He died at the age of fifty-seven 45. M Baker will be the guest speaker You have heard about his book 306 EXERCISE 229 REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES Rewrite the following sentences using

"WITH". Do not use the "Relative Pronouns" Example: The girl who had long hair answered the door. The girl with the long hair answered the door 1. The boy who has a bicycle is very clever 2. Do you see the girl who has a red dress? 3. I feel sorry for people who have no homes 4. John is a man who has a big heart 5. I saw the man who had a scar on his face 6. I bought a car which had four doors 7. He was a nasty man who had a bad temper 8. The clown who has a big nose made all the children laugh 9. The man who had three children applied for the job 10. The woman who has no sins will go to paradise 11. My parents live in a house which has green shutters 12. The woman who has a baby in her arms was waiting patiently 13. The house which has a beautiful walled garden is on sale 14. 1 envy people who have no family responsibilities 15. It was a nice building which had a beautiful garden 16. A man who has a mask over his face walked past me and entered the shop 17. The

men who have no qualifications at all cannot be accepted 307 EXERCISE 230 REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES Combine and reduce the following pairs of sentences using a "Past Participle". Example : The student will win the reward. The student is selected by the jury The student who is selected by the jury will win the reward. The student selected by the jury will win the reward. 1. The woman was taken to hospital. She was injured in the accident 2. The operation was a success. It was carried out by a famous surgeon yesterday 3. The fence has been repaired. It was ruined by the children 4. The lorry started its journey in Samsun. It was loaded with bricks 5. The student is in hospital. He has been caught cheating in the examination 6. I feel sorry for the teacher. He was sacked last week 7. The classroom was very cold. It had been used lot the exam 8. All the cars are very cheap. They are manufactured in that car plant 9. The book will be announced tomorrow. It

is selected by the committee 10. The boy is waiting outside He was expelled from school for smoking 11. The debater refuted all the main points They were made by the opponents 12. The umbrella belongs to a friend of mine It was found in the garden 13. The students were cold and wet They had been standing in the queue for hours to buy tickets 14. The houses are comfortable They are heated by solar energy 15. The man has asked me for ten dollars He was sitting in the lobby an hour ago 16. The book was very good It was recommended by my friend 17. The packages will be sent back They are not wrapped correctly 308 EXERCISE 231 REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES Shorten the relative clauses in the following sentences without using a "Relative Pronoun" and the verb "BE". Example: The picture which is on the wall is very expensive. The picture on the wall is very expensive. 1. The man who is hi the room is very handsome 2. The teacher who is in front of the car looks very

tired 3. The man who is on the left of the street is my [airier 4. All the children that were at the party enjoyed themselves very much 5. The books which are on the floor will be sent to Ankara 6. The women who are in the examination room are very nervous 7. The bird which is in your hair seems to be wounded 8. The woman who is in the corner gets up at six o'clock 9. The boy who is on the platform will go to London next week 10. The jacket which is in the car doesn't belong to me. 11. The girls who are in the photo are wearing mini-skirts. 12. The books which are for this course are very expensive. 13. The ink which is in my pen is red. 14. The school which is in this town is very famous all over the world. 15. The church which is at the end of this street is very old. 309 16. The passengers who are on the plane are very afraid of hi-jackers. 17. The birds which are in that tree are singing beautifully. EXERCISE 232 REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES Rewrite the

following sentences using a "Full Infinitive". Do not use a "Relative Pronoun" Example: The first man who sailed around the world was Joshua Slocum The first man to sail around the world was Joshua Slocum. 1) Katherine was the first French woman who flew a plane. 2) The only student that passed the exam was Helen. 3) The first guest that arrived at our house was George Benson. 4) The best thing that you can do is to call the police. 5) The first ship that landed in New Zealand won the race. 6) This was the last of colonies that became independent. 7) Melissa will be the last girl who will take the exam. 8) I have a lot of dirty clothes that I must wash. 9) Jackson is the only person that you can trust. 310 10) Could you give me a book which I can read on the plane? 11) Night is the time when we can relax and watch television. 12) There are some magazines that you can read while waiting. 13) Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was the first Turkish

president who saved our country. 14) Janet was the only person that remembered my birthday. 15) The best time when you should do homework is right after school. 16) Barbara was the second woman who shook my hands. 17) Lara hasn't got any money that she can spend on a car. EXERCISE 233 ACTIVE CAUSATIVES (ALL TENSES) Put the following "Active Causative" sentences into the other Tenses as in the example below. 1. The Present Simple I make Angela write the letter in English. I have Carol sing a French song I get Rose to correct my mistake 2. The Present Continuous I am making Angela write the letter in English. I am having Carol sing a French song I am getting Rose to correct my mistakes 311 3. The Past Simple I made Angela write the letter in English. 1 had Carol sing a French song 1 got Rose to correct my mistakes 4. The Past Continuous I was making Angela write the letter in English. 1 was having Carol sing a French song I was getting Rose to correct my mistakes.

5. The Future Simple I will make Angela write the letter in English. 1 will have Carol sing a French song I will get Rose to correct my mistakes. 6. Be going to (Future Form) I am going to make Angela write the letter in English. I am going to have Carol sing a French song I am going to get Rose to correct my mistakes. 7. The Future Continuous I will be making Angela write the letter in English. I will be having Carol sing a French song I will be getting Rose to correct my mistakes. 8. The Present Perfect Simple I have made Angela write the letter in English. I have had Carol sing a French song I have got Rose to correct my mistakes. 9. The Past Perfect Simple I had made Angela write the letter in English. I had had Carol sing a French song I had got Rose to correct my mistakes. 10. The Future Perfect Simple I will have made Angela write the letter in English. I will have had Carol sing a French song I will have got Rose to correct my mistakes. EXERCISE 233 ACTIVE CAUSATIVES (ALL

TENSES) 312 1. 1 Susan makes me repeat the sentences 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. . 10. 2. 1I get my father to take me to the cinema 2. . . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. . . . . 10. 3. 1My teacher has me carry the chairs into the staff room 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . - - 8. . 9. . 10 . 4. My mother makes the man clean the carpets 5. The nurse has the patient take this horrible medicine 6. My friend makes me laugh during the examination 7. I have Nancy write a composition for me 8. My father lets me play the piano 9. We gel the teacher to solve all the problems 313 . . . . 10. The teacher doesn't have the students write a composition EXERCISE 234 ACTIVE CAUSATIVES Answer the following questions in the

"Affirmative" and "Negative". Example: Do you always make your friends laugh in the class? a. Yes, I always make my friends laugh in the class b. No, I don’t always make my friends laugh in the class 1. Does your teacher make the students clean the board every day? a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------b No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------2 Did your brother have you iron his shirts yesterday? a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------b No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------3 Do your parents let you go to the cinema with your friends? a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------b No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------4 Will your teacher get all the students to learn the poem by heart? a. Yes,

-----------------------------------------------------------------------b No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------5 Does your father always make you cry if you go home late? a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------b No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------6 Has the judge made you tell the truth at the court? a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------b No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------7 Did the officer have all the soldiers climb up the tree in the garden? a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------b No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------8 Did your friends get you to play the piano at the party? a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------b No,

-----------------------------------------------------------------------9 Will you let your wife go to the cinema tonight? a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------314 b. No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------10 Did your father get the mechanic to repair your car yesterday? a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------b No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------11 Does your teacher let you use a dictionary during the test? a. Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------b No, ------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXERCISE 235 ACTIVE CAUSATIVES Make "Causative Sentences" using the following structures. Use "the words" and the "tenses" in brackets Example: MAKE + SOMEONE + DO + SOMETHING HAVE + SOMEONE + DO + SOMETHING GET SOMEONE +

TO DO + SOMETHING + (Silvana / write a letter) (The Past Simple) a. I made Silvana write a letter b. I had Silvana write a letter c. I got Silvana to write a letter 1. (always / Isabella / clean the windows) (The Present Simple) a. My mother h. My mother c. My mother . . . 2. (the students / sing our national anthem) (The Present Continuous) a. The teacher . . b. The teacher c. The teacher . 3. (my sister / do a lot of housework) (The Past Simple) a. My lather b. My lather c. My father 4. (Angela / write a composition) (The Past Continuous) a. My brother . b. My brother . c. My brother 315 5. (my brother / learn the poem by heart) (The Future Simple) a. Rose b. Rose . . c. Rose 6. (you / solve this problem) (be going to) a. Zeynep b. Zeynep . . c. Zeynep 7. (the mechanic / repair the car) (The Present Perfect Simple) a. That lady .

b. That lady c. That lady EXERCISE 236 . PASSIVE CAUSATIVES (ALL TENSES) Put the following "Passive Causative Sentences" into the other tenses as in the examples below. Examples: 1. The Present Simple Rose gets her eyes tested. Kate has her car repaired 2. The Present Continuous Kale is having her car repaired. Rose is getting her eyes tested 3. The Past Simple Rose got her eyes tested Kate had her car repaired. 4. The Past Continuous Rose was getting her eyes tested. Kate was having her car repaired. 5. The Future Simple Kate will have her car repaired. Rose will gel her eyes tested. 6. Be going to (Future Form) 316 Rose is going to gel her eyes tested. Kate is going to have her car repaired. 7. The future Continuous Rose will be getting her eyes tested. Kale will be having her car repaired. 8. The Present Perfect Simple Rose has got her eyes tested. Kate has had her car repaired. 9. The Past perfect Simple Rose had got her eyes tested. Kate had had her

car repaired. 10. The Future Perfect Simple Rose will have got her eyes tested. Kate will have had her car repaired. 11. The Present Conditional Kate would have had her car repaired. Kate would have her car repaired. 12. The Perfect Conditional Rose would have got her eyes tested. Rose would get her eyes tested. EXERCISE 236 PASSIVE CAUSATIVES (ALL TENSES) 1. 1. I have my shoes shined 2. -------------------------------------------------------------- 3. -------------------------------------------------------------- 4. -------------------------------------------------------------- 5. -------------------------------------------------------------- 6. -------------------------------------------------------------- 7. -------------------------------------------------------------- 8. -------------------------------------------------------------- 9. -------------------------------------------------------------- 10.

-------------------------------------------------------------11 -------------------------------------------------------------12 -------------------------------------------------------------- 317 1) 1. My sister gets the letter translated into English 2) -------------------------------------------------------------3) -------------------------------------------------------------4) -------------------------------------------------------------5) -------------------------------------------------------------6) -------------------------------------------------------------7) -------------------------------------------------------------8) -------------------------------------------------------------9) -------------------------------------------------------------10) -------------------------------------------------------------11) -------------------------------------------------------------12) -------------------------------------------------------------1) 3. 1 The teacher does not get his

trousers shortened 2) -------------------------------------------------------------3) -------------------------------------------------------------4) -------------------------------------------------------------5) -------------------------------------------------------------6) -------------------------------------------------------------7) -------------------------------------------------------------8) -------------------------------------------------------------9) -------------------------------------------------------------10) -------------------------------------------------------------11) -------------------------------------------------------------12) -------------------------------------------------------------- EXERCISE 237 PASSIVE CAUSATIVES Answer the following questions using the "Passive Causative" structure below and the "words" in brackets. HAVE/GET Example: + SOMETHING + PAST PARTICIPLE A: Is the television set working? (television set /

repair) B: Yes, it is. I had/got the television set repaired (by the mechanic) last week 318 1. A: Why are you going to the dentist? (tooth / pull out) B:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. A: What do you do when there is something wrong with your car? (car / repair) B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. A: What did you do when your jacket got dirty? (jacket / clean) B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. A: What will you do if the wall in your house needs painting? (the -wall / paint) B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. A: What do you do with your clothes when you lose weight? (clothes / narrow) B:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. A: What did you do

when your hair needed cutting? (hair / cut) B:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. A: What does your mother do if there is something wrong with her eyes? (eyes / test) B:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. A: What will you do if there are mistakes in your composition? (mistakes / correct) B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. A: Why did you go to the Turkish Consulate last Monday? (passport / renew) B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. A: What did you do if the knife you used was dull? (knife/sharpen) B: .---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 A: What do you do at the air port if you have a suitcase? (suitcase / weigh) B:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. A: What do you do if your shoes need shining? (shoes / shine) B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13. A: What does your mother do if she has a blood pressure? (blood pressure / check) B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14. A: What do you do if you have a pain in your chest? (chest / lest) B:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15. A: What do you do with your car before you go on holiday? (car / service) B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16. A: What will you do if you have an old computer? (a new computer / install) B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 319

EXERCISE 238 PASSIVE CAUSATIVES Rewrite the following sentences using the Passive Causative structure below. Example: HAVE + SOMETHING + PAST PARTICIPLE GET + SOMETHING + PAST PARTICIPLE a. I always shine my shoes (Active Causative) b. I always have my shoes shined (Passive Causative) c. I always get my shoes shined (Passive Causative) 1. a The dentist checks my teeth every six months b. I ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------c I---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 a My sister ironed my father's shirts yesterday b. My father ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------c My father ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 a The secretary has just typed Jane's letters b. Jane

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------c Jane ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 a The mechanic is going to repair Helen's car tomorrow b. Helen ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------c Helen---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 a The barber cuts my brother's hair every month b. My brother ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------c My brother ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 a The eye doctor tested John's eyes last week b. John ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------c John

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 a Some painters are painting the Wilson’s' house b. The Wilson’s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------c The Wilson’s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 a The policeman took my fingerprints this morning b. 1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------c I---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 a A pickpocket stole my friend's wallet yesterday morning, b. My friend ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------c My friend ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 a An optician will test my eyes tomorrow 320 b.

I---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------c I ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXERCISE 239 PASSIVE CAUSATIVES Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the "verbs' in brackets. Example: I (have) . my house (paint) . . . last week I had my house painted last week. 1) He must be rich. He always (get) 2) My father (get). his portrait (paint) 3) I (have). 4) My father is in poor health. I (have) him (examine) 5) Now I must (get) . these answers (correct) 6) The poor wash their own socks, the rich (have) 7) I couldn't mend the chair myself, so I (have). it (do)by the carpenter 8) People who are very ill (have) . everything (do) 9) The button has come off and only yesterday I (get) . it (sew) 10) I saw him sitting in the barber’s chair. He (have) three things (do) at the same time

. this watch (adjust) his shoes specially (make) . . by a famous artist at the moment. by the watchmaker last week hut it still goes fast. . . by the doctor tomorrow. . by the teacher . their socks (wash) for them . for them by others . . on by my sister. He (have).his hair (cut) he (have) his shoes (clean)and he (get)his fingernails (manicure). 11) The car is in the garage because I (get). 12) I (have) . 13) I (have) . . it (service) . . my eyes (test) last month . the sentences (write) 14) The farmer (get) . 15) My father (have) . 16) Judy (get)-- ----- . . on the board now his animals (feed) . . twice a day . the milk-pails (sterilise) - her wedding dress (make) . 17) I wish I (have) . the roof (repair) . next week. . by a fashion shop last week . . last year 18) he writes his reports in English. and then (get)them (translate) into French 19) If you don't gel out of the house, I (have) 20) They (have) . a swimming-pool

(build) 21) We (get). . 22) I (have) . . my hair (cut) . these floors (polish) 23) You must (have) . 24) She (have). . you (arrest) . . . . . . . . . now . at least once a year when (he lire bell rang. . your luggage (weigh) . the locks of the house (change) 321 . . at the airport. if she had been sensible. 25) My sister (get) . a couple of dresses (make) . before she goes to the United States of America. EXERCISE 240 CAUSATIVES (MIXED TYPES) Answer the following Causative Sentences on your own. 1. A: Do you always get your car washed? B: . . . . . . 2. A: Did you have your mother shorten your trousers yesterday? B: . . . . . . 3. A: When will you have your hair cut? B: . . . . . . . . . 4. A: Has your mother had the window cleaned? B: . . . . 5. A: When did you gel your tooth pulled out by the dentist? B: . . . . . . . 6. A: Do your parents always gel someone

to cut the grass m the garden? B: . . 7. A; Did your teacher make you repeal the sentences aloud yesterday? B:. . 8. A: Do you always make your friends laugh in the class? B: . . . . 9. A: Does your father let you watch the TV at night? . B: . . . . 10. A: Will your father let you go out with your friends tonight, I wonder? B: . . 11. A: Did you get the tyres of your car inflated to the correct pressure? 322 . B: . . . . 12. A: Who made you cry this morning in the garden? B: . . . . . 13. A: Are you having your car repaired by the mechanic this afternoon? B:. . . . . . 14. A: Is your father going to have a swimming-pool built in your garden? B: . . . . . 15. A: When did you last get your watch repaired? B: . . 16. A: When are you going to have your blood pressure checked? B: . . . 17. A: Did your friends make you stay at their house

last night? B: . . . . 18. A: Will your friends be able to get the administration to support this plan? B: . . . . EXERCISE 241 REPORTED SPEECH (STATEMENT) Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" paying attention to the tense of the Reporting Verbs as in the example below. Direct : Reported: Olga says / said, "I will go to Paris tomorrow." a. Olga says that she will go to Paris tomorrow b. Olga said that she would go to Paris the next day 1. James says /said, "I always get up at six o'clock in the morning" a. James says b. James said . . . . . - . . . . . . . - . 2. The children say / said, "We will go to the cinema tonight" a. The children say . b. The children said . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Janet says / said, "I wrote a letter to my father yesterday" a. Janet says b. Janet said . . . . . . . 4.

They say / said, "We saw a very good play at the theatre last night" a. They say . b. They said . . . . 323 . . . 5. Catherine says / said, "I was listening to the radio at seven o'clock this morning" a. Catherine says . b. Catherine said . . . . . . 6. My father says/said, "My aim is to set up a new political party in Turkey" a. My father says b. My father said . . . . 7. Peter says / said, "I paid the bill the day before yesterday" a. Peter says . . . . b. Peter said . . . . 8. Maria says / said, "There were a lot of people at the cinema last night" a. Maria says b. Maria said . . . . 9. The governor says / said, "The school will be opened the day after tomorrow" a. The governor says . b. The governor said . . . . . . 10. The man says/said, "My sister was in

South Africa three years ago" a. The man says b. The man said . . . . . . 11. Müge says/said, "I was working for (he same firm in those days" a. Müge says . b. Muge said . . . . 12. Jane says / said, "1 am playing the piano at the party now" a. Jane says . . . b- Jane said . . . . . . . . . . 13. The workers say / said, "We didn't have breakfast this morning" a. The workers say b. The workers said . . . . . . . . 14. Charlotte says /said, "I have a lot of friends in Istanbul" a. Charlotte says b. Charlotte said . . . . . 15. Diana says / said, "I fell in love with my English teacher ten years ago" a. Diana says . b. Diana said 16. Charles says / said, "The birds were singing in the tree this morning" a. Charles says b. Charles said 324 . : . .

] 7. Rose says / said, "I am going to see the admiral next week" a. Rose says . . b. Rose said . . . . . . 18. Hilda says / said, "I will be visiting the museum tomorrow afternoon" a. Hilda says . . . b. Hilda said . . 19. Henry says/said, "I will get married the day after tomorrow" a. Henry says b. Henry said . . . . 20. Lolita says / said, "I was very much worried about my father's health" a. Lolita says b. Lolita said . . . 21. Kate says / said, "The Members of the Parliament think of nothing but money" a. Kale says . b. Kate said 22. Claudia says / said, "I am determined to quit my job next month" a. Claudia says . b. Claudia said . 23. Carol says / said, "I am not in good mood today" a. Carol says . b. Carol said . . . . „

. 24. The teacher says / said, "The match will take place the day after tomorrow" a. The teacher says . . . b. The teacher said . . . . 25. Lora says/said, "I have studied German for four years, but I cannot speak it yet" a. Lora says . b. Lora said . . . . . . . . . 26. Roger says / said, "My wife is expecting me to do the housework" a. Roger says . . . . . . b. Roger said . . . 27. The man says / said, "The train was held up for two hours this morning" a. The man says b. The man said . . . . . . 28. Chopin says / said, "Many people don't know the meaning of political immunity" a. Chopin says b. Chopin said 325 . . . . 326 EXERCISE 242 REPORTED SPEECH (STATEMENT) Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" paying attention to the tense of the

"Reporting Verbs" as in the example below. Direct : Jane says / said to me, '1 don't like my history teacher." Reported : a. Jane tells me dial she doesn't I like her history teacher b. Jane told me that she didn't like her history teacher 1. Lisa says/said to Paul, "I saw your father last week" a. Lisa . . b. Lisa . . . . . . 2. Helen says / said to him, "I was at the party with your friend yesterday" a. Helen . . b. Helen . . . 3. Lora says / said to the boys, "You are lazy and unreliable" a. Lora . . . b. Lora . . . 4. Mar}' says / said to me, "You didn't do your homework last night" a. Mary b. Mary . . . . . . 5. Jane says / said To Tom, "My father will be sent to Spain next year" a. Jane b. Jane . . . . . 6. Wendy says / said to Fred, "My mother was mending

your socks this evening" a. Wendy . b. Wendy . . . 7. Belly says / said to Mike, "You are going to be punished the day after tomorrow" a. Belly . b. Belly . . . . . . . 8. Kale says / said to Philip, "I am going to wake you up tomorrow morning" a. Kate . . . b. Kate . 327 9. She says / said To the children, "I have already seen this film three times" a. She b. She . . . . . . 10. The judge says/said to the man, "The jury has found you guilty" a. The judge b. The judge . . 11. Gloria says/said to me, "My son has been studying medicine for a long time" a. Gloria b. Gloria . . . . EXERCISE 243 REPORTED SPEECH (OTHER REPORTING VERBS) Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" using the other "Reporting Verbs" on the list below. DENY OFFER ACCUSE

ADVISE DOUBT BOAST SUGGEST ADMIT PREDICT PROMISE REMIND APOEOGIZE Direct : Selda said, "No, I don't have any love affairs with Danny". Reported: Selda denied that she had any love affairs with Danny. 1. Peter said, "No, 1 didn't punch anybody at the end of the match" Peter . . . . . . . . 2. Susan said, "Let’s go for a walk in the forest" Susan . . . . . . . . 3. Sally said to Gilda, "You had better make your complaints to the manager" Sally. . . . . . . . 4. Pamela said, "I am awfully sorry that I have made a silly mistake" Pamela . . . . . . . . . 5. My father said to me, "I think that you will be in charge of the whole company" My lather. . . . . . . . . 6. Cathy said, "I am very glad that I have never had an accident in my life" Cathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. 7. Matilda said to me, "Okay, 1 will never try to hide your pencil again" Matilda . . 8. Rose said, "I don't really think that it will rain in the afternoon" 328 . . Rose . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. Sheila said, "Yes, of course, I will give you a lift, Müge" Sheila . 10. David said, "I am sorry that I have broken my teacher's heart" David. . . . . . . . 11. Diana said, "Don't forget to bring your camera to the party, Kale!" Diana . . 12. Selcuk said, "Eel me carry your suitcase, Rosemary" Selcuk. . . . . . . . . . 13. The actor said "All right, it was my fault 1 was nervous during the performance" The actor . . . 14. The inspector said, "You murdered the poor woman, didn't you, Ruth!" The inspector . 15. Roger said, "Don't worry, Hilda, I will

bring you your camera back tomorrow" Roger . . . . . . EXERCISE 244 REPORTED SPEECH (COMPLEX SENTENCE) Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" as in the example below. Direct: Tom said, "I was swimming when Helen came". Reported: a. Tom said that he was swimming when Helen came b. Tom said that he had been swimming when Helen came 1. Donna said, "I was living in Egypt when the war started" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------2 Paul said, ''We were walking in the street when it began to rain" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------3 Mandy said, "I was playing the piano when my lather came home" a.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------4 William said, "My sister was working as a secretary when she got married" 329 a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------5 Julia said, "The children were quarrelling when my father entered the room" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------6 She said, "The boy was playing cards when his mother shouted at him'"' a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------7 Susan said, "Rose was swimming in the sea when the telephone rang" a.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------8 Carol said, "I was driving home from the theatre when the police stopped me a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------9 Eileen said, "My mother was watching television when the lights went out" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------10 Zeynep said, "Peter was lying in bed when the clock struck seven" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------11 Nancy said, "My father was watering the flowers when the taxi came" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b

------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXERCISE 245 REPORTED SPEECH (COMPLEX SENTENCE) Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" as in the examples below. Direct : Frank said, "1 was swimming while Helen was dancing". Reported : a. Frank said that he was swimming while Helen was dancing b. Frank said that lie had been swimming while Helen was dancing Direct : Sue said, "I did my hair while they were repairing the car". Reported : a. Sue said that she did her hair while they were repairing the car b. Sue said that she had done her hair while they were repairing the car 1. Eliza said, "My sister was singing a song while I was having a bath" 330 a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------2 Peter said, "1 was reading my book while Jack was doing his homework" a.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------3 Angela said, "I was having a chat while the teacher was doing English" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------4 Rose said, "I was writing a letter when my father was listening to the news" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------5 Julia said, "The police were following the thief car while 1 was shouting" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------6 Cathy said, "1 was making a cake in the kitchen as my sister was watching the TV" a.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------7 Lucy said, "My father came home while my mother was listening to the radio" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------8 Kate said, "I left the party as the students were having a good time" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------9 Sally said, "I jumped off the bus while it was moving" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------10 Olga said, "I laid the table when the children were discussing the matter" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b

------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXERCISE 247 REPORTED SPEECH (QUESTION) Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" paying attention to the tense of the "Reporting Verb". Use the reporting verb "ask" only. Direct : Janet says / said to me, "How often do you go to the cinema?" 331 Reported : a. Janet asks me how often I go to the cinema b. Janet asked me how often I went to the cinema 1. I say / said to Linda, "What time do you have breakfast in the morning?" a. I ask ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b I asked ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 Jane says / said to me "When does your father go to work?" a. Jane asks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b Jane

asked ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. Paul says / said to Helen, "How old is your son?" a. Paul asks --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- b. Paul asked --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 The teacher says / said to Mar}', "Where are your friends playing tennis?" a. The teacher asks --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b The teacher asked -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Gloria says / said to the man, "What do you know about the bank robbery?" a. Gloria asks -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b Gloria asked

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. I say / said to Lisa, "When did you eat your breakfast?" a. I ask ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b I asked ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 Alice says / said to me, "How many letters did you write to your wife last week?" a. Alice asks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b Alice asked --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 Rana says / said to them, "Why were you running after the dog last night?" a. Rana asks ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b Rana asked

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9. The man says / said to her, "How much money will you spend on your books?" a. The man asks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- b. The man asked ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 Hilda said to Peter, "Where will you go tomorrow?" a. Hilda asks --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- b. Hilda asked --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 The policeman says / said to her, "How long have you been in Istanbul?" a. The policeman asks-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b The policeman asked

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 The salesgirl says / said to me, "Which of these knives do you want to buy?" 332 a. The salesgirl asks b. The salesgirl asked . . . . 13. He says / said to me, "Why didn't you come to school yesterday?" a. He asks . b. He asked . 14. The officer says / said to me, "Who / whom did you see in the park last night?" a. The officer asks . . . b. The officer asked . . . 15. My sister says / said to john, "Who saw the accident last night?" a. My sister asks . b. My sister asked . . . . . 16. My father says / said to me, "Who was the first man to fly?" a. My father asks b. My father asked . . . . . . . . . . 17. Sharon says / said to him, "How many students were there at the party last night?" a.

Sharon asks . . b. Sharon asked . . . . . . . . . . 18. Tina says / said "What kind of music are you fond of, Stella?" a. Tina asks b. Tina asked . . . . 19. Nora says / said to Peter, "Whose bicycle did you borrow yesterday?" a. Nora asks b. Nora asked . . . . . 20. Charlie says / said, "David, where did you put my English book?" a. Carole asks . b. Charlie asked . . . . . 21. Dilara says / said to me, "How much money do you have in your pocket?" a. Dilara asks . b. Dilara asked . . . 22. Martha says/said, "What was your sister wearing at the party, William?" a. Martha asks b. Martha asked . . . . . . . . . 23. Michael says / said, "What happened here this morning, Helen?" a. Michael asks b. Michael asked 333 . . 24. James says /

said to her, "When are you going to read me some of your poems?" a. James asks . . b. James asked . . EXERCISE 248 REPORTED SPEECH (QUESTION) Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" paying attention to the tense of the "Reporting Verb". Use the reporting verb "ask" only. Direct : Reported : Mary says / said to me, "Do you believe in God?" a. Mary asks me if/whether I believe in God (or not) b. Mary asked me if / whether T believed in God (or not) 1. I say / said to Kale, "Does your father really work for the Secret Service?" a. I ask b. I asked 2. Rita says / said to me, "Did you see the doctor yesterday?" a. Rita asks b. Rita asked

3. Natalie says / said to Peter, "Do your students speak English very well?" a. Natalie asks b. Natalie asked 4. Leyla says / said to him, "Were you living in Turkey during the war?" a. Leyla asks b. Leyla asked 5. My father says / said to us, "Are you listening to the radio now?" a. My father asks b. My father asked 6. Dorothy says / said to Richard, "Does your wife usually have lunch in the kitchen?" a. Dorothy asks b. Dorothy asked 7. I say / said to my wife,

"Will you go to the circus tomorrow?" 334 a. I ask b. I asked 8. The manager says / said to me, "Does your wife have any complaints to make?" a. The manager asks b. The manager asked 9. My sister says / said to me, "Are you on friendly terms with your friends?" a. My sister asks b. My sister asked 10. Danny says / said to Silvia, "Do you love me?" a. Danny asks b. Danny asked 11. Kevin says / said to her, "Are you going to see your father off

tomorrow?" a. Kevin asks b. Kevin asked 12. Julia says / said to me, "Are you married to Sandra?" a. Julia asks . b. Julia asked . . . . . 13. Barbara says / said to him, "Have you seen any good films recently?" a. Barbara asks . . b. Barbara asked 14. Paul says / said to Zeynep, "Are you going to the theatre tonight?" a. Paul asks . b. Paul asked . . . . . . . . . . 15. George says / said to me, "Have you ever flown in an aeroplane?" a. George asks b. George asked . . . . . 16. Mike says / said to me, "Are there any petrol stations in this area?" a. Mike asks . . b. Mike asked . . . . . 17. Jackson says / said to Maria, "Is there a dog in the garden?" a. Jackson asks

h. Jackson asked . . . . . 18. My teacher says / said to me, "Do you have many friends in Istanbul?" a. My teacher asks b. My teacher asked . . . 19. Sally says / said to Tony, "Were you in London last year?'1 335 a. Sally asks . . . h. Sally asked . . . 20. Wendy says / said to me, "Have you been running since you got up?" a. Wendy asks . . b. Wendy asked . . . 21. The man says / said to the woman, "Can you speak English?" a. The man asks b. The man asked . . . . . . . 22. She says / said to him, "Did you manage to find the documents I wanted?" a. She asks b. She asked . . . . . . 23. Chris says / said to me, "Were you employed by the company two years ago?" a. Chris asks b. Chris asked . . . . . . . 24. My wife says / said to me, "Were you angry

with me last night?" a. My wife asks b. My wile asked .: . . . . . . EXERCISE 249 REPORTED SPEECH (IMPERATIVE) Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" using the "Reporting Verbs" on the list below. TELL DEMAND FORBID ORDER REMIND WANT COMMAND INSTRUCT WARN Direct : Reported : THREATEN URGE DIRECT Peter says / said to me, "Show me the pictures". a. Peter tells me to show him the pictures, b. Peter told me to show him the pictures Direct : Reported : Angela says / said to me, "Don't go near the harking dog". a. Angela orders me not to go near the barking dog b. Angela ordered me not to go near (he barking dog 1. My boss says / said to me, "Don't tell anybody about this plan" 336 a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------2 The doctor says / said to me,

"Eat fruit when you are hungry" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------3 Peter says / said to her, "Don't worry whatever you do" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------4 My mother says / said to me, "Wait in this room until I come back" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------5 My father says / said to Peter, "Tell me what time you got up this morning" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------6 My friend says / said to Helga, "Don't forget about your appointment" a.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------7 My sister says / said to him, "Turn the light off before you go out" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------8 She says / said to me, "Don't drink water before you eat your meal" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------9 The doctor says / said to the girl, "Put out your tongue" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------10 The man says / said to us, "Don't touch anything before the police come" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b

-----------------------------------------------------------------------11 My mother says/said to him, "Take the meat out of the oven when the bell rings", a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------12 Carol says / said to Peter, "Try to finish your homework before you go to bed" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------13 Lucy says/said to me, "Don't take the dog out for a walk in the afternoon" 337 a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------14 Jack says / said to Mary, "Don't disturb me I am busy writing letters" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b

-----------------------------------------------------------------------15 Gilda says/said to Jack "Bring me the book which your father bought last week" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------16 Rita says / said to me, "Don't forget to thank your teacher when you say good-bye" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------17 The policeman says/said to her, "Do what you are told or you will get into trouble" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------18 I say / said to the policeman, "Don't tell me that you are an honest man" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b

-----------------------------------------------------------------------19 My mother says / said to him, "Swim in the sea when the weather is really hot" a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b -----------------------------------------------------------------------20 Molly says / said to Peter, "Don't tell me that you know the story that I am reading", a. -----------------------------------------------------------------------b ------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXERCISE 250 REPORTED SPEECH (REQUEST) 338 Chance the following sentences into "Reported Speech" using the "Reporting Verbs" on the list below. ASK (POLITELY) BESEECH REQUEST IMPLORE BEG Direct : Reported: Direct Reported: PLEAD WITH I said to him, "Close the door, please". I asked him politely to close the door. : The woman said to the general. "Spare my husband's life,

please" The woman pleaded with the general to spare her husband's life. 1) Hilda said to me, "Please, don't say anything to my teacher". 2) My mother said to Linda, "Please, don't wipe your hands on my clean table-cloth". 3) The professor said to his students, "Please, be punctual at all my lectures". 4) Janet said to me, "Will you please tell me the time?" 5) Richard said to Lisa, "Would you mind telling me a story?" 6) Lara said to me, "Do you mind opening the window?" 7) "Could you please explain this subject once more?" the student said to the teacher. 8) Pamela said to me, "Can you show me the way to the train station, please?" 9) She said to the student. "Please put out your cigarette before entering the library" 10) The woman said to the man, "Could you direct me to the post office, please". 11) Peter said, "Will you please be my best-man at the wedding,

Michael?" 12) Muge said to me, "Would you be kind enough to show me the cats?" 13) "Let me stay up a little longer tonight, mother, "said the child. 14) Donna said to me, "Would you please keep an eye on my suitcase for a minute?" 339 EXERCISE 251 REPORTED SPEECH (MIXED TYPES) Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" making all the necessary changes. 1) She said to me, "Don't make a lot of noise when you are playing". 2) My son said, "I'll have plenty of time because I don't have to go to school tomorrow". 3) Rita said to me, "Don't worry, I will pay you back on Saturday". 4) He said, "What time will you get up tomorrow morning, Melda?" 5) She said, "The man who was living in this house has sold the car". 6) He said, "I always encourage the audience to laugh before the show begins". 7) The teacher said, "There are a lot of problems in this

country". 8) My sister said to me, "Don't turn the lights off, I am studying". 9) Donna said to him, "Do you know where Janet went last night?" 10) Tom said, "Why do you keep staring at me, Janet?" 11) My father said, "Let's go for a walk now. It is not raining any more" 12) Molly said, "I will go crazy if I study English all day". 13) He said, "I am going to finish my homework when I gel up tomorrow". 14) She said to me, "Do you know how to steer a ship?" 15) Chris said, "Why don't we have a tea party next Saturday?" 16) My sister said, "If I had enough money, I would buy a new car". 17) She said, "I wish I could remember his name". 19) She said to me, "If you take the dog for a walk, it won't bark so much". 20) She said, "Put your bag in my room, Peter". 21) I said to her, "You will win the match if you play more carefully". 22)

She said to me, "Be careful not to break any of those glasses". 23) She said, "How often do you go to the cinema, Alison?" 24) Diana said to Jack, "Please don't ask me such questions. Do you want me to tell you lies?" 25) George said to Jill, "Do you think this kind of thing will happen again?" 26) I said to the man, "Do you think that the Government will set up a public enquiry?" 27) Betty said to the pilot, "Can you give a clear description of the UFO?" 28) The flight attendant said to the passenger. "Fasten your seat belts because we have to make a compulsory landing". 29) The old man said to them, "Don't go near the house because there is a gas leak". 340 30) The witness said, "I can identify the men who are guilty". 31) He said, "When I was driving home, I saw Susan". 32) The man said to me, "Have you decided which courses you are going to take?" 33) Mary

said to me, "Do you know how long Alice has been playing the piano?" 34) My father said, "The car is in good condition though it needs to be repaired". 35) The boss said to me, "Pay particular attention when you are doing your work". 36) I said to Jane, "I haven’t seen you for ages. What have you been doing since I last saw you?" 37) She said to him, "What do you do when you are sailing against the wind?" 38) My mother said to me, "Do you think that you will be happy if you marry Rose?" EXERCISE 252 REPORTED SPEECH Change the following sentences into "Direct Speech" writing the exact words of the speaker. Example: He asked me where I had gone the day before. He said to me, "Where did you go yesterday?" 1) She asked me to hold her packages for her. 2) She asked me if could speak Russian. 3) The captain ordered me not to shoot until he gave the order. 4) She told me that she would go to London if

she could find a better job. 5) The customs officer is asking me if I have got anything to declare. 6) He asked me where I had been when the bell rang. 7) She asked me if I was going to the cinema the following day. 8) He said that he couldn't go out that night. 9) She wanted to know where the nearest bus-stop was. 10) My father suggested that we should go to the cinema that night. 11) Mary asked me if 1 had watched the film on TV the night before. 12) My mother requested me to help her with the baby. 13) The sergeant ordered the soldiers to attack the castle. 14) The teacher asked Jane to clean the board. 15) He told me that he could not help me as he was busy. 16) She advised me to lock the doors when 1 parked my car. 17) She said she had been able to speak French when she was twelve. 341 EXERCISE 253 REPORTED SPEECH (OTHER REPORTING VERBS) Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" using the "Reporting Verbs" in brackets. REPORTING

VERB Direct Reported: : + (SOMEBODY) + (THAT - CLAUSE) "Why not paint the door blue?" said Helene. (Recommend) Helene recommended that we (should) paint the door blue. 1. "Let's have a picnic on the island next Sunday!" said Jennifer, (suggest) Jennifer 2. Roger said to Hilda, "That car you are driving belongs to me", (claim) Roger 3. Patricia said, "Yes, I have had an accident with my car", (admit) Patricia 4. "I have never spoken to the King", said Jane Seymour, (deny) Jane Seymour 5. "I will never lie to my father again", Susan said, (promise) Susan 6. "You should take the other road", Matilda said to me (suggest) Matilda

7. Rita said, "I telephoned at ten o'clock, but nobody answered it", (explain) 342 Rita 8. Peter said to me, "You are quite right in what you say", (accept) Peter 9. Betty said, "I can speak six languages very well", (boast) Betty 10. The witness said, 'This is the man I saw at the scene of the crime", (affirm) The witness 11. Lolita said tome, "You really must come and meet me", (insist) Lolita 12. The weatherman said, "We will not get any rain today", (predict) The weatherman 13. Melissa said, "I know where the stolen

car is", (claim) Melissa 14. The teacher said, "Yes, the exam is very difficult", (agree) The teacher 15. "You never take my advice seriously", my father said to me (complain) My father 16. "This man doesn't know what he is talking about", said Nancy, (mutter) Nancy EXERCISE 254 REPORTED SPEECH (OTHER REPORTING VERBS) Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" using the “Reporting Verbs" in brackets. REPORTING VERB Direct + SOMEBODY + FULL INFINITIVE : My father said to me, "Study your lessons (advise) Reported : My father advised me to study my lessons regularly. 1) Rose said to me, "Could you pass me the sail?" (ask) Rose

2) "Don't go too near the fire, it is dangerous", said the officer to the woman, (warn) The officer 3) I said to Nora, "You had better see the doctor right away", (advise) I 4) "Get out of my office this minute", my boss said to me. (order) 343 My boss 5) Hilda said to Peter, "Please, help me", (beg) Hilda 6) George said to me, "Go ahead, phone her", (encourage) George 7) "Insert your card and wait for the machine to open", the man said to me. (instruct) The man 8) "Don't touch that snake; it is very dangerous", Tony said to Linda, (warn)

Tony 9) "You can use my phone", Caroline said to me. (allow) Caroline. 10) "I would like you to go out", Patricia said to me. (want) Patricia 11) "You mustn't eat sweets", the doctor said to me. (forbid) The doctor 12) "Would you like to come to my house on Saturday?" Paul said to me. (invite) Paul 13) "Don't forget to take your keys, Peter", said Rose, (remind) Rose 14) Lisa said to me, 'The party will be a great fun. You must come", (persuade) Lisa 15) "Let me stay up a little longer tonight,

mother", said the child, (beg) The child 16) "Would you mind typing this letter for me, please?" Maria said to me. (ask) Maria EXERCISE 255 REPORTED SPEECH (OTHER REPORTING VERBS) Change the following sentences into "Reported speech" using the "Reporting Verbs" in brackets. REPORTING VERB Direct : Reported: + (PREPOSITION) + GERUND Rose said to me, "You broke the vase", (accuse of) Rose accused me of breaking the vase. 1) "No, I didn't steal the car", Philip said, (deny) 344 Philip 2) "Yes, I lied to your father", Miranda said (admit to) Miranda 3) Veronica said to me, "I am sorry that f upset you", (apologize to) Veronica

4) "Let's go to the cinema tonight!", my father said (suggest) My father 5) "You must wear warm clothes", my mother said to me, (insist on) My mother 6) "I am better than you", Rana said to me (boast about) Rana. 7) Melinda said, "It is true, I murdered Christina", (confess to) Melinda 8) Gloria said to me, "You ruined my dress", (accuse of) Gloria 9) "I am sorry I didn't phone when you got back to the station", said Rose to her husband, (apologize to) Rose 10) Lucy said, "I can swim very well", (boast about) Lucy

11) The policeman said, "Yes, 1 took bribes from people many times", (admit to) The policeman 12) The doctor said, "You had better stay in bed for a week", (advise) The doctor 13) I said, "Yes, I revealed the secret to my friends", (confess to) I 14) In court Mary said, "No, I was not near the scene of the crime", (deny) In court Mary 15) Stella said, "No, I don't object to doing my homework here", (mind) Stella 16) My father said to me, "No, 1 won't raise any objection if you get married", (object to) My father 345 EXERCISE 256 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONCESSION Rewrite or combine the

following sentences using the Conjunctions on the list below. Example: THOUGH IN SPITE OF THE FACT THAT ALTHOUGH DESPITE THE FACT THAT Miranda is very happy. She is very poor Though Miranda is very poor, she is very happy. Despite the fact that Miranda is very poor, she is very happy. 1) The weather was very hot. We played tennis for hours 2) Istanbul is very beautiful. There are a lot of old buildings 3) We slept very well. The street was very noisy 4) The holiday started very badly. We had a fantastic time there 5) He didn't have any money, but he lived in luxury, 6) They were late, but they caught the bus in time. 7) She had good qualifications, but she had trouble finding a job. 8) He seems to be friendly. He is not to be trusted 9) Yıldız was wet to the skin, but she didn't feel the cold. 10) It was raining, but Selcuk went to the football match. 11) It was a good party. I didn’t enjoy myself 12) He is stupid, but he does his job very well.

13) The car was very expensive, but it caused a lot of problems. 14) Linda is very intelligent. She failed in the exam 15) Jane has no education, but she has got a very good job. 16) Stella looks very young, but she has a very mature attitude. 346 EXERCISE 257 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONCESSION Rewrite the following sentences using the following words below. Example : IN SPITE OF + NOUN / GERUND / GERUND PHRASE DESPITE + NOUN / GERUND / GERUND PHRASE We arrived in time although we got lost on the way. We arrived in time in spite of getting lost on the way. Although it rained a lot, we had a picnic. Despite the much rain, we had a picnic. 1. She worked hard although she was very ill 2. He won the match despite the fact that he was the youngest competitor 3. She failed in the examination in spite of the fact that she worked very hard 4. Despite the fact that he was late, he stopped to buy a sandwich 5. She refused to take off her coal although the weather was unbearably hoi 6.

Arthur remained very cheerful in spite of the fact that he was very angry 7. I hope you will come although you are living so far away 8. Although she was beautiful, she couldn’t get part in the film 9. Despite the fact that he was strong, he was not able to open the door 10. Although it cost a lot of money, we bought the house 11. despite the fact that she is very kind, she is sometimes bad-tempered 12. She managed to smile in spite of the fact that she was very distressed 13. He didn't win the election although he was very influential 14. Although they made a lot of efforts, they couldn't clear away the oil 15. despite the fact that the traffic was bad, we got to the station on time 347 EXERCISE 258 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF PURPOSE Put the following sentences into "The Past Simple" and make the necessary changes. Example: I will turn down the music so that I will not disturb our neighbours. I turned down the music so that I would not disturb our neighbours. She

always takes an umbrella so that she doesn’t get well. She always took an umbrella so that she would not get wet. 1) I will write down the address so that 1 will not forget it. 2) He will kill his brother so that he may become king. 3) I will take you to (the) hospital so that you can be examined. 4) My father comes home early so that he can do some shopping. 5) I will stand aside so that the teacher may enter the classroom. 6) I cover my mouth when I sneeze so that I don’t spread germs. 7) I am saving some money so that I can take a vacation next summer. 8) They will go to Antalya by plane so that they will save time. 9) Jane is working very hard so that she may pass the exam. 10) He will take a short cut so that he can gel there in time. 11) I am speaking slowly so that the students can understand me better. 12) The teacher will take the students to the theatre so they may see Hamlet. 13) He will run away so that he will not be sent to prison. 14) She

is opening the door quietly so that she will not wake the baby. 15) He wears a false beard so that he will not be recognised. 348 EXERCISE 259 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF PURPOSE Combine the following pairs of sentences with "SO THAT” or "IN ORDER THAT'1 to express a purpose. Example: Paul will leave the door open. He wants to be able to run away Paul will leave the door open so that he will be able to run away. Paul left the door open, lie wanted to be able to run away. Paul left the door open in order that he would be able to run away. I am speaking slowly. I want my students to be able to understand me I am speaking slowly so that my students can understand me. I spoke slowly so that my students could / might understand me 1) Janet wiped all the surfaces. She didn't want to leave any fingerprints 2) Martha hurried to school. She didn't want to be late 3) Sharon will go on a diet. She wants to lose weight 4) Sandra locked the door. She wanted to

keep the burglars away 5) 1 will give them my phone number, 1 want them to contact me. 6) Stella came to Istanbul. She wanted to see the Blue Mosque 7) My brother turned off the light. He wanted to sleep 8) Wendy attended the courses. She wanted to improve her French 9) I am writing to Sheila. I want her to know what to do 349 10) I have bought a new house; I want the children to have more rooms. 11) We stayed in a hotel near the airport. We wanted to catch the early morning flight 12) We are thinking of moving to the city. We want the children to get to school easily 13) We will take a taxi. We want to be able to arrive there in time 14) I am going to settle the matter. I hope there will not be any further problems about it EXERCISE 260 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF PURPOSE Put the following sentences into "The Past Simple". Example: I will take an anorak in case it rains. I took an anorak in case it rained. 1) She will wear her overcoat in case the weather

gets cold at night. 2) Melissa will take an umbrella in case she gets wet. 3) I will chain up the dog in case he bites. 4) Jennifer will handle this vase with care in case it gets broken. 5) I will say good bye in case I don't get time to come to the airport to see you off. 6) I will take an umbrella in case il rains. 7) I will remind my sister of her promise in case she forgets. 8) I will stay at home all night long in case my father needs me, 350 9) She will bring a map in case we get lost in the city. 10) I always insure my car in case there is an accident. 11) The soldiers are evacuating people from the area in case the volcano erupts. 12) He is very worried in case anything happens to his valuable car during the night. 13) I always repeat such information in case I forget it. 14) She is afraid to eat the meat in case it is poisonous. EXERCISE 261 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF PURPOSE Rewrite the following sentences using "LEST" instead of

"SO THAT" making the necessary changes as in the examples. Example: Ayşe is going to the airport by taxi so that she should not miss the plane. Ayşe is going to the airport lest she (should) miss the plane. John was walking very carefully so (hat he should not fall on the ice. 351 John was walking very carefully lest he (should) fall on the ice. 1) Jane is studying hard so that she should not fail in the exam. 2) The doctor told my father to stay at home so that he should not catch cold again. 3) The burglar wore gloves so that he should not leave any fingerprints. 4) I locked the door so that the children should not go out to play, 5) You had better write it down so that you should not forget it. 6) I will be kind to her so that she should not leave me. 7) I spoke politely so that she should not be offended. 8) The man ran away so that he should not be sent to prison. 9) We are speaking quietly so that our father should not hear us. 10) He was extra

polite to his superiors so that something adverse should be written into his records. 11) She had to grab the iron rail at her side so that she should not slip off. 12) Leave the lights on when you go out so that burglars should not break in. 352 EXERCISE 262 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT Combine the following pairs of sentences using the structures below. SO Example: + ADJECTIVE + THAT Jennifer was tired. She fell asleep during the meeting Jennifer was so tired that she fell asleep during the meeting. 1) The play was very good; I wanted to see it again. 2) Alison was very angry. She broke the chair into little pieces 3) The boy was very intelligent. He soon left the rest of the class behind 4) We were very busy; we had to put off going on holiday for a month. 5) Eileen was very hungry. She decided to have lunch early 6) His lecture was very boring. Everybody started sleeping 7) The film was very sad. It made my wife cry 8) She was very depressed. There was

nothing I could do to cheer her up 9) The policeman was very unhelpful. 1 couldn't keep my temper under control 10) His excuse was very ridiculous. 1 took no notice of it 11) The weather was very cold. The water in the river froze 12) He was very wet after the storm. He went upstairs to change his clothes 13) Carmen is a terrible liar. No one ever believes her 14) The exercise was very difficult. I could not do it 15) The film was very good. We enjoyed it very much 16) I was overwhelmed. I could not express my feelings 353 EXERCISE 263 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT Combine the following pairs of sentences using the structure below. SUCH Example: + (A / AN + ADJECTIVE) NOUN + THAT It was a lovely day. We had a picnic on the island It was such a lovely day that we had a picnic on the island. Michael Jackson is an excellent singer. People applaud him for hours Michael Jackson is such an excellent singer that people applaud him for hours. 1) It was a very popular concert.

We had to queue for tickets for hours 2) Carol has a very friendly manner. Her friends like her very much 3) Robert was a very strong sailor. Everybody was frightened of him 4) It was a very hot day. We decided to go swimming 5) David is a very careful driver. He has never had any accident 6) She had a very bad cold. She couldn't go to work 7) It was very mild weather. We didn’t need coats 8) It was a very good book. I couldn't put it down 9) She made an improvement. She was put into another class 10) He was a very important man. He was elected leader of the opposition party 11) My friend has a fertile imagination; lie can create all kinds of characters. 12) Helen is a very beautiful girl. Everybody looks at her in admiration 13) The new teacher had a very strange accent. I couldn’t understand him 14) Tom talks nonsense. Nobody listens to him any more 15) I made silly mistakes. The teacher tore up the whole paper 354 EXERCISE 264 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF

RESULT Combine the following pairs of sentences using the structure below. SO Example: + ADVERB OF MANNER THAT İdil played the piano very beautifully. We listened to her in admiration İdil played the piano so beautifully that we listened to her in admiration. 1) The wind was blowing very strongly. Many people ran to the shelters 2) My teacher shouted at me very loudly. I began to cry 3) The man was talking very fast. I could hardly understand him 4) The woman spoke very softly. I could hardly hear what she said 5) The speaker was speaking very vaguely. I plunged into reverie 6) My brother was explaining the subject very funnily. I couldn’t help laughing 7) It was raining very heavily. We took shelter under a tree 8) My sister was eating her food very greedily. I decided to order another portion 9) They were singing the songs very beautifully. We decided to dance 10) The man was acting very strangely. The child started to run away 11) My friend was running

very fast. I couldn’t catch him 12) The boy was crying very much. We had to send him out of the hospital 13) The bus stopped so frequently. We were not able to gel to the station in time 14) The policeman behaved very rudely. I couldn't keep my temper under control 355 EXERCISE 265 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT Answer the following questions using "SO . THAT" or "SUCH THAT" Use the prompts below * The fish was very expensive. * Last night I was very tired. * The teacher explained the lesson very fast. * Sheila inherited a lot of money. Example: * The programme on TV was very boring. * It was very mild weather. * The suitcase was very heavy. * Peter worked very hard. * Diana is a very kind person. * Gilda was very charming. * Tom had a lot of exciting time in Italy. * It is a very nice day. * My father shouted at me very loudly. * The boy was sleeping very soundly. A: Why didn’t you buy the fish? B: The fish was so expensive that I didn’t

buy it. 1. A: Why didn't you want to disturb the baby? B: . . . . . . . . . 2. A: Why didn't Sheila want to work any more? B:. . 3. A: Why didn't Tom want to come bat'; to Turkey from Italy? B: . . . . 356 4. A: Why did you go straight to bed last night? B: . . . . . . . . . . . 5. A: Why did Peter have a nervous breakdown? B: . . . . . . . . . . 6. A: Why can't Diana say no to anybody? B: . . . . 7. A: Why should we go for a walk in the fresh air? B: . . . . . . . . 8. A: Why didn’t you take your coat with you? B: . . . . . . - - - - - . 9. A: Why didn't you understand the teacher? B: . . . . . . . . . . 10. A: Why weren't you able to carry the suitcase? B: . . . . . . . . . 11. A: Why did you get angry with your father? B: . . . 12. A: Why did you

turn the television off? B: . . . 13. A: Why did everybody fall in love with Gilda? B: . . . . . . EXERCISE 266 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT Rewrite the following pairs of sentences using "SO . THAT", "SUCH THAT" or "SUCH ATHAT" Example: Nathalie Cardone is very friendly. As a result, everybody loves her. Nathalie Cardone is so friendly that everybody loves her. It was a very high mountain. As a result, we couldn't climb it in one day It was such a high mountain that we couldn't climb it in one day. 1) Paul plays the piano very well. As a result, he was offered a place with the orchestra 2) I was very jealous of my friend. As a result, I fell quite guilty 357 . 3) My friend is very funny. As a result, he makes all the students laugh 4) My father is a very popular writer. As a result, I feel proud of him 5) The weather was very bad. As a result, the referee cancelled the match 6) Melissa is very

kind. As a result, everybody wants to be her friend 7) The wind was blowing very hard. As a result, the match was cancelled 8) I was very angry with the policeman. As a result, I shouted at him 9) Sally ran very fast. As a result, she was out of breath 10) The boys were very clever. As a result, they soon left the rest of the class behind 11) It was a very expensive book. As a result, I couldn't afford to buy it 12) It was a very sunny day As a result; they all went for a picnic. 13) They were very good dancers. As a result, the audience applauded for ten minutes EXERCISE 267 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT Complete the following sentences using "SO", "SUCH" or ''SUCH A / AN". 1) The book was . . interesting that I read it again 358 2) She was . . beautiful girl that everybody stared at her with admiration 3) It was . 4) It was. 5) They are. intelligent students that they hardly need a teacher 6) He bought 7) Mr. Brown

and his wife were pleasant people that we have decided to stay there again next year 8) The film was . 9) The music was . hot weather that I sat in the shade of the tree all day. . lovely morning that he decided to walk to work . . lot of apples that we will be eating them for weeks . 10) The event was . . beautiful that I listened to it for hours . serious that I will never forget it 11) The job sounds . 12) They are . . successful that it ran for two years . attractive that I am seriously tempted to accept your offer . good friends that everybody wants to be their friends 13) He plays basketball . . well that he is always chosen for the team 14) Roger is . good student that teachers hold him up as an example 15) Eileen is. 16) He is . 17) They are 18) I was . . . charming that everybody falls in love with her at first sight . fantastic tennis player that everybody watches him when he plays . . good friends that they are inseparable . tired that

I couldn't stay awake. 19) He spoke . 20) He ran with movingly that several women began to weep. . 21) The mountain was . 22) He had. 23) I was . effortless speed that the others were left far behind. . high that we couldn't see the summit . lot of questions that I didn't have time to answer them . . amazed by what I heard that I stood there speechless 24) It was . 25) The sea . . difficult exam that I couldn't finish it . rough that the ship sank almost immediately 26) They were having . nice time at the party that they didn't want to leave 27) There were. many people in the queue for tickets that I missed the train 28) The teacher became . 29) He is . 30) Tom talks . . enraged with the student that he beat him good tennis player that he will win all the matches. . nonsense that no one listens to him any more 31) I was . pleased with him that I invited him to supper 32) It was . cold morning that I put on two heavy

pullovers 33) I have. many friends that I never feel lonely 34) It was . 35) It was . warm this afternoon that I didn't wear my jacket. . easy exam that all the students got it right 359 EXERCISE 268 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF PROPORTION Rewrite the following sentences using the following sentence structure. THE Example: + COMPARATIVE, THE + COMPARATIVE As I have more money, I want / will want more. The more money I have, the more I want / will want. As Lara became more beautiful, so my love for her grew more. The more beautiful Lara became, the more my love for her grew. 1) As Linda got older, so she thought more about her father. 2) As Dilara became richer, so she had more friends. 3) As you speak more, you have / will have more practice. 4) As I earn more, so I spend / will spend more. 5) As he pays more attention, so he makes / will make more effort. 6) As I ate more, so I became fatter. 7) As Mary waited longer, so she became more impatient. 8) As you work more

carefully, so you make / will make fewer mistakes. 9) As you argue less, so it is / will be better for you. 10) As you wash your car more frequently, so it lasts / will last longer. 11) As the film is more frightening, so I enjoy it more. 12) As we control pollution more, so the environment is / will be cleaner. 13) As Jack earned more money, so he bought more clothe. 14) As you work more, so you have less free time. 15) As we start sooner, so we will finish the work more quickly. 360 EXERCISE 269 NOUN CLAUSES (AS THE SUBJECT OF A SENTENCE) Change the following questions into "Noun Clauses" as the "Subject of the sentence", making all the necessary changes. "Noun Clauses" start with a "Question Word" Noun Clause Question Word Example: + Statement + Verb + Complement A: Where did Gilda go last night? Do you know? B: I am sorry, I don't know. Where Gilda went last night is a secret 1. A: When will the President come hack to

Turkey? Do you know? B:. . . is not certain 2. A: Why didn't she answer all the questions? Do you know? B:. . . is not obvious 3. A: Where did the children go? Do you know? B:. doesn't interest me 4. A: How has Cathy become rich? Have you got any idea? B: . . is not very important 5. A: What does your father say? Do you know? B: . . . has nothing to do with me 6. A: What does your sister do hi her spare time? Do you know? B:. . . is none of your business 7. A: What does Patricia love most? Have you got any idea? B: . . . . . are the operas of Mozart 8. A: What do you really need? Do you know? B:. is new car 9. A: Where is the money coming from? Do you know? B: . is a top secret 10. A: When will the children come home? Have you got any idea? B:. 361 .doesn't matter 11. A: Where does the boat leave from? Do you know? B:. . . „ . is not known 12. A: What do

you hate most? Do you know? B: . . is rainy weather 13. A: Why did Martha get married to Peter? Have you got any idea? B:. . is a mystery 14. A: What did you really want to study? Could you tell me? B: . . . . was architecture 15. A: Whoever caused the accident? Will you please I ell me? B: . was very careless EXERCISE 270 NOUN CLAUSES (AS THE OBJECTOR A SENTENCE) Change the following Direct Questions into "Noun Clauses" as the "Object of the sentence", making all the necessary changes. "Noun Clauses" start with a "Question Word" Noun Clause a. I wonder + Question Word + Statement, b. I would like to know + Question Word + Statement, c. Do you know + Question Word + Statement? Examples: Where does your sister live? a. I wonder where your sister lives b. I would like to know where your sister lives c. Do you know where your sister lives? 1. Why does your sister get annoyed with the teacher? a.

b. c. .? 2. How often does your father brush his teeth? a. . b . c. . ? 362 3. How many cities are there in Turkey? a. . b. c. . . ? 4. What time did your mother get up this morning? a. . . . b. . . c. . . . ? 5. How much money does your father have in his pocket? a. . . b. . c. . .? 6. When will your sister get married? a. . b. . c. . ? 7. What was your father doing when the accident happened? a. . b. . c. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. Why does your father want to send your brother to London? a. . . b. . . c. . . . . . . - - . - - . . . - . - - - - 9. What is your friend going to be in the future? a. b. . . . . c. . . . . . . . . . . 10. What kinds of things make you happy? a. . . b.

. . . . . . 363 . . . . c. . . . . . . . 11. Why aren't the students listening to the teacher? a. . . . . . . b. . . c. . . . . . . 12. How long will it take the mechanic to repair the air7 a. . . b. . c. . . . . . . 13. How many students were there in your class last year? a. . . . . b. c. . . . . . . . . 14. What advice does the doctor give to people with flu? a. . . b. c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15. How long has Tom been studying Spanish? a. b. c. . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . EXERCISE 271 NOUN CLAUSES (AS THE OBJECT OF A SENTENCE) Change the following Direct Questions into "Noun Clauses" as the "Object of the sentence", making all the necessary changes. "Noun Clauses" start with

the conjunctions "IF" or "WHETHER 364 Noun Clause a. I wonder + If/whether + Statement b. I would like to know + If/whether + Statement c. Do you know + If/whether If + Statement Examples: Does the teacher speak Polish? a. I wonder if / whether the teacher speaks Polish b. I would like to know if/whether the teacher speaks Polish c. Do you know if / whether the teacher speaks Polish? 1. Does your sister like horror films? a. b. . . . . . c. . . . . ? 2. Are men and women equal in Turkey? a. . b. c. . . . . . . . . . ? 3. Is Italian more popular than Spanish? a. . b. . c. . . . . . . . ? 4. Are the students playing table-tennis at school? a. . b. . . . . . . . . . . c. . . . . . . ? 5. Do people stand up when they hear our national anthem? a. . . . . b. .

c. . . . . .? 6. Did the general order the soldiers to attack the castle? a. b. . . . . . c. . 365 . . . . . -? 7. Have the sailors been examined by the doctor today? a b c ? 8. Did Carol take her children to the circus last night? a b c ? 9. Was the wounded man taken to (the) hospital in the morning? a b c

? 10. Does your sister want animals to be kept in zoos? a b c ? 11. Did Jennifer Lopez win any awards? a b c ? 12. Will your friend have any chance to practise his English in London? a b c ? 13. Was your mother playing the piano when the phone rang? a

b c ? 14. Will the Members of Parliament discuss death penalty next month? a b c ? 15. Are there any horses on the farm? a b c ? 366 EXERCISE 272 NOUN CLAUSES (AS THE OBJECT OF A SENTENCE) Change the following "Direct Questions" in brackets into "Noun Clauses" as the "Object of the sentence", making all the necessary changes. "Noun Clauses" start with a

"Question Word" Noun Clause Subject + Example : Verb + Question Word + Statement A: What do you remember? (What did Hilda tell you last week?) B: I remember what Hilda told me last week. 1. A: What do you believe? (What does Mary write in her autobiography?) B: 2. A: What did you hear? (What did Müge say about inflation in Turkey?) B: 3. A: What do you remember? (How did Pamela behave at the party?) B: 4. A: What did the lady tell you? (How did the police catch the thief?) B: 5. A: What does the woman want to know? (When will Natalie come to Turkey?) B: 6. A: What do you want to know? (Where have the students

gone?) B: 7. A: What did your mother admit? (Where did she hide the money?) B: 8. A: What did they teach you? (How does the machine work?) B: 9. A: What did the girl in the shop ask you? (What do you want?) B: 10. A: What do you guess? (Who did you bump into this morning?) 367 B: 11. A: What don't you know? (Where is the treasure?) B: 12. A: What did your brother ask you? (What did you do this morning?) B: 13. A: What did the tourist want to know? (Where is the Blue Mosque?)

B: 14. A: What do you know? (When will there be a general election in Turkey?) B: 15- A: What did your father ask you? (What time did you get up this morning?) B: EXERCISE 273 NOUN CLAUSES (AS THE OBJECT OF A SENTENCE) Change the "Statements" in brackets into "Noun Clauses" as the "Object of the sentence", making all the necessary changes. "Noun Clauses" start with the Conjunction "That" Noun Clause Subject + Example: Verb + That + Statement A: What do you think? (Gloria has to study hard to pass her class.) B: I think that Gloria has to study hard to pass her class. 1. A: What do you know? (The Earth travels round the Sun) B: 2. A: What do

you remember? (Eileen was very happy) B: 3. A: What are you afraid about? (The telephone is out of order) B: 4. A: What does your teacher think about you? (I am not very selfish) B: 5. A: What are you afraid about? (I have burnt the toast) B: 6. A: What do you think? (You will have to sharpen the knife) B: 7. A: What are you afraid about? (I have left my wallet at home) 368 B: 8. A: What did your teacher say? (My homework was terrible) B: 9. A: What are you worried about? (I

couldn't go to her wedding party) B: 10. A: What was the teacher disappointed about? (The students failed in the exam) B: 11. A: What were you pleased about? (All the students came to the party) B: 12. A: What did Peter confess? (He pulled the poor woman) B: 13. A: What did Helga tell you? (She wanted to go to the concert with Roger) B: 14. A: What did Mary say to you? (She didn't like that kind of music) B: 15. A: What did the prisoner declare? (He was guilty of murder) B:

EXERCISE 274 NOUN CLAUSES (COMPLEX SUBJECT) Complete the following sentences changing the "Prompts" into "Noun Clauses' "Noun Clauses" start with the conjunction "THAT". * We should keep calm. * The man is lying. * She didn't come to my party. * We will be a little late. * She refused to talk to you. * She didn't phone me. * We will miss the train. * Jane should stop drinking alcohol. * We cannot go on like this. * He didn't want to play cards. * People are pleased with this policy. 369 * The Prime Minister will resign. Example: His important . It is important that we should keep calm. 370 * There is a problem with the car. * My father will come tomorrow. * We will get there in time. * I will go abroad next year. * She left without saying good bye. * The escaped prisoned is in Rome. * Lolita will pass her class. * Nora killed the man in self defence. * The house was empty. * Your sister should tell the truth. * Your

father lost his job. 1) There is a rumour . 2) It is apparent . 3) 1 find it strange . 4) It is probable . 5) It was really astonishing . 6) There is a risk . 7) It worried me a bit. 8) It is important . 9) It was clear . 10) It appears . 11) It is a pity . 12) His a shame . 13) It is curious . 14) It seems 15) There is a chance . 16) It is likely . 17) Ins doubtful . 18) It seems clear . 19) It is necessary . 20) It was a mystery . 21) There is a likelihood . 22) It shocked me . . 371 EXERCISE 275 NOUN CLAUSES (COMPLEX SUBJECT) Rewrite the following sentences beginning with "IT" or "THAT". Example : It was amazing that she eventually left home. That she eventually left home was amazing. 1. It is absolutely essential that you should contact head office in advance That . . . . . . . 2. That you are wrong can easily be proved It . . . - - 3. It is quite natural that

you find this problem difficult That . . . . 4. That the driver couldn't control his car was obvious II . . . 5. It is rather odd that you cannot remember my name That . . . . 6. That he would do such a thing seems unlikely It . . . . . . . . 7. Il is doubtful whether we will get there in time That 8. That my father will take a vacation is probable It . . . 9. It appeared odd that no one answered the bell That. . 10. That the student should solve the problem by himself is important It. . 11. It is necessary that your sister should tell the truth That . . 12. That my father doesn't try to find a good job is strange It. 13. It is essential that students should be punished by their parents That. 372 14. That you should not smoke in the library is imperative Il . . . 15. It is urgently that the police should be

notified about these strange people That. . . . . 16. That English should be studied before entering university is desirable It . . . 17. It is vital that you should undergo an operation pretty soon That . . . EXERCISE 276 CONJUCTIONS Complete the following sentences with the "Conjunctions" on the list below. A. UNLESS BECAUSE AS IF UNTIL ALTHOUGH IN CASE WHILE 1. I will take a torch with me WHEN SO THAT AS SOON AS . I have to come home in the dark 2. You should wear your seat belt you are driving your car 3. Helen looks she hasn't slept for several days 4. I don't want to leave the children alone . 5. Jack continued playing the piano 6. The villagers stored the potatoes . . they are very quarrelsome. he felt tired. . they would have enough food for the winter 7. The fans cheered they saw their favourite footballer 8. The children waited under the tree it stopped raining 9.

Nigel was in hospital, he lost his job. 10- He threatened to tell the newspapers . B. EOll AS IF WHEN AS BECAUSE 1. Take your cheque book SINCE THAT . he got a thousand pounds. EVEN THOUGH UNTIL IN CASE . you run out of cash 2. You are not allowed to smoke . the plane lands/has landed 3. Our electricity was cut off we had not paid the electric bill. . 4. The lawyer claimed his client was not guilty of committing the crime 5. two business people come to get lit r, they often discuss work or business. 6. Matilda speaks English . she were an American citizen 7. I didn't invite him to the wedding party 8. . . I didn't like him. . I am not interested in Jazz music, I didn't go to the concert 373 9. My brother didn't complain . . . he was in great pain 10. . . I had seen the film before, I didn't want to see it again C. SO THAT ALTHOUGH NOW THAT IN CASE AS THOUGH WHEN UNTIL 1. He took an

electric torch THE WAY UNLESS WHERE . there was no light in the attic 2. she had a headache, she carried on with her work 3. He hid the file on purpose . . no one would find it 4. Lolita behaves she were the director of this factory 5. Could you look after the children I get home? 6. . . you have a ticket, you cannot get into the theatre 7. I don't care what people think about . I dress. 8. I always stay at the Waldorf Hotel I come here 9. you have your driving licence, you can borrow your fathers car 10. They landed the surface was smooth EXERCISE 277 CONJUCTIONS Complete the following sentences with the "Conjunctions" on the list below. A. AS AFTER IN CASE SO THAT UNTIL AS LONG AS WHILE WHENEVER ALTHOUGH SINCE (BECAUSE) 1. I have to be well-dressed I make a good impression on people 2. We took some food we got hungry on the journey 3. John drinks coffee, he gels a headache 4. You can borrow the calculator

5. .you bring it back I had entered (he room, I took off my coat. 6. Please do not turn the paper over I tell you to begin 7. You are to do exactly I say 8. Christina got the job she was not well qualified 9. My mother was mending my socks I was doing my homework 10. you have got the highest mark, you will gel the prize B. IF THAT NOW THAT AS UNLESS THOUGH BECAUSE WHETHER OR NOT AS SOON AS WHETHER / IF 1. I will not go on holiday you come with me 2. I don't know Patricia will be able to come to the party tomorrow 374 3. They discovered many of the old beliefs are lies 4. . I was crossing the road, I was nearly knocked down by a car 5. The film was good, but the ending was a bit of a disappointment, 6. . . Hilary has a car, she can go everywhere she wants 7. She turned the volume up she couldn't hear properly 8. John got home, he put on his slippers and started reading the paper 9. Caroline may pass the exam .

she works hard 10. . we go on holiday this year depends on many things C. AS WHILE SINCE WHEREVER UNLESS WHETHER IMMEDIATELY UNTIL ON CONDITION THAT FOR 1. I will lend you the money you give it back on Sunday 2. Peter has given up sailing he doesn't have enough money 3. Don’t disturb me it is something urgent 4. . the convict hides, the police will find him 5. He took care of you you were ill 6. she plays on Saturday depends on what her doctor says 7. You have gained a lot of weight . I last saw you 8. it was very late, we decided to go home at once 9. Those flowers will be in bloom . spring comes 10. We are not going to stop digging . we find the ancient ruins . EXERCISE 278 CONJUCTIONS Complete the following sentences with the other halves by writing them. Put the corresponding letter in brackets. 1. ( ) - Let's forget work . . . . 2. ( )-Rose went to work 3. ( ) - The football match was postponed . 4. ( )-I

found a note on the wind screen . 5. ( ) - Helen was walking very carefully 6. ( )-The box was so heavy . . . 7. ( ) -You will have a holiday tomorrow , 8. ( ) -Jane lives in Istanbul . . 9. ( )-They have made progress 375 10. ( ) - George runs faster 11. ( )-You had better take an umbrella 12. ( ) -1 will go to the cinema . . 13. ( ) - My mother didn't let me go to the forest 14. ( )-Eileen went to bed very early 15. ( ) - Melanie was trembling all over . . A as I was getting into my car. B lest she (should) fall on the ice. C as though she had seen a ghost. D while we are on holiday. E because she was exhausted. F despite the fact that she was ill. G in case I (should) get lost. H until the weather improved / had improved. I as long as you work hard today. J in spite of the fact that they have had a lot of difficulties. K regardless of what the doctor says. I since I arrived here. M as far as I know. N that Mary couldn't lift it.

O than I do. EXERCISE 279 THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS Complete the following sentences with the "Modal Auxiliary Verbs" on the list below to express ability in the Present, Future or Past and the achievement of one single action. CAN CAN'T COULD COULDN'T 376 AM ABLE TO AM NOT ABLE TO ARE ABLE TO AREN'T ABEE TO IS ABEE TO ISN'T ABEE TO WAS ABEE TO WASN'T ABLE TO WERE ABEE TO WEREN'T ABLE TO WILL BE ABLE TO WON'T BE ABLE TO WOULD BE ABEE TO WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO WOULD HAVE BEEN ABLE TO WOUEDN'T HAVE BEEN ABLE TO 1. I don't think we travel to Mars before 2025 2. My daughter . swim when she was five years old 3. If we don't hurry up, we 4. They were shouting so loudly that I . cak:h the bus. . 5. The weather was wonderful, so we 6. I . . . hear what Patricia said. . have a picnic on the island . - understand the teacher when speaks fast 7. With the help of a

policeman, I 8. Swimming after eating 9. I . . . . . . push the car to the side of the road. be very dangerous. . pass my class if you didn't help me 10. I am sorry I am late I . find a parking place 11. I play the guitar when I was seven 12. She was such a clever child that she 13. I . read by the time she was four . save the drowning child if you had nut helped me 14. When 1 was younger I 15. The supermarket was closed, so I . . stay up all night and not gel tired . . buy milk for my baby 16. Rosemary is ill in bed, so she . . 17. I am sorry that I . find the address in this telephone directory now. 18. He . . . . come to school next week pay his bills because he was having financial difficulties. 19. I . speak French within six month, 1 think 20. Too much sun . be very dangerous. 21. My father speak three languages when he was thirty years old 22. We . watch the match last night

because there was no electricity in the area 23. Two of the engines stopped, but the experienced pilot 24. We . land the plane safely . walk across the street when the lights are red 25. I speak English at the beginning of this year, but now I . well. 26. She told me her name, but I remember it now 377 . speak it very EXERCISE 280 THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS Rewrite the following sentences using the structures below. BE ABLE + TO DO SOMETHING MANAGE + TO DO SOMETHING SUCCEED IN + DOING SOMETHING Example: a. I was able to do my homework before midnight b. I managed to do my homework before midnight c. I succeeded in doing my homework before midnight 1. a My father was able to get an exit visa before he went abroad b. c. . . . . . . . . 2. a The prisoner was able to jump over the high wall just before the guardians arrived b. . c. . . . . . . . . 3. a Was the driver able to stop at the red

light when you signalled to him? b. . c. . . . . . . . . . . . . ? . . ? 4. a The firemen were not able to put the fire on within half an hour b. c. . . . . . . . . . . 5. a Was the mechanic able to repair the car in a very short time? b. c. . . . . . . . . . . . ? . ? 6. a The man was not able to save the drowning boy b. . . . c. . . . . . . . . . 7. a Were you able to reach the top of the mountain before the sun set? b. c. . . . . . . . . .? . . ? 8. a Was your sister able to make a speech at the meeting last night? b. . c. . . . . 9. a The children were not able to find the address of your house 378 . . . ? . ? b. . c. . . . . 10. a My parents were able to get to the cinema just before the clock struck seven b. .

. . . . . . . . . EXERCISE 281 THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS Complete the following sentences with the "Modal Auxiliary Verbs" on the list below. Example : HAVE TO DON'T HAVE TO HAS TO DOESN'T HAVE TO HAD TO DIDN'T HAVE TO WILL HAVE TO WON'T HAVE TO WOULD HAVE TO WOULDN'T HAVE TO I will leave the party early because I. . . . study for my exam I will leave the party early because I have to stud}' for my exam. I got up early this morning because I. do my homework I got up early this morning because I had to do my homework. I will stay up late tonight because I . go to work tomorrow I will stay up late tonight because I don't have to go to work tomorrow I stayed up late last night because I . 10 go to work on Saturday I stayed up late last night because I didn't have to go to work on Saturday 1) My children are very happy because they . 2) They. be here at ten o'clock because the meeting starts

early 3) When 1 arrive home, I . explain the reason why 1 was late for school 4) They have plenty of time. They 5) I . 6) What time did you. gel up this morning? 7) Susan . do her homework ever}' day but she 8) Does your father . support his family? 9) We . wear school uniforms at school . . do any homework today hurry to the cinema. . work hard if I won a lot of money in lottery 10) Students. be in class at lunch time 11) Do you . learn a foreign language at school? 379 . study at weekends 12) What did your mother . . wear in Saudi Arabia when she went shopping? 13) Did you . write the letter in English? 14) Nathalie Cardone. save money because she was rolling in money 15) Did you . lend him any money when you were at the boarding school? 16) The child . understand the meaning of poverty, I think 17) We . do the shopping when our mother was ill 18) We have got plenty of space in the new building, so your

father.spare an office any more 19) You . wear your safety belts when you are driving 20) I think I. learn Persian if I go to Iran 21) The students . carry all the chairs into the garden yesterday 22) My sister . study the history of India in order to be an Indian citizen EXERCISE 282 THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERB (USED TO) Complete the following sentences using structures below to express a habitual action in the past. USED TO + PLAIN INFINITIVE DIDN'T USE TO + PLAIN INFINITIVE NEVER USED TO + PLAIN INFINITIVE THERE USED TO + BE THERE DIDN'T USE TO + BE Example: My mother is not happy now, but she . . . . . . . . My mother is not happy now, but she used to be happy when she was in Paris. I go to the cinema often, but I . . . I go to the cinema often, but I didn't use to go to the cinema when I was young. I go to the theatre often, but. . . . . 1 go to the theatre often, but I never used to go to the theatre

when I was young. There is not a theatre in the city now, but. . There is not a theatre in the city now. but there used to be one sixty years ago There is a mosque in the village, but. . . . . There is a mosque in the village, but there didn't use to be one forty years ago. Julia is very fat now, but she. . . My father is very poor now, but he . . We don't see horses in the cities now, but we . . 380 . . . . Jane doesn't have a car now, but she . . There is not a mosque near the hospital, but there . They don't live in luxury now, but they . . Olga is quite thin now, but she . I smoke a pipe now, but I . . . My father helps the poor now, but he . . . . . . My mother isn't very beautiful now, but she . . . . They don't have a dog any more, but they . My daughter isn't very shy now, but she . . . . They live in a small village now, but they . .

Lisa sucks her thumb now, but she . . . . . . My father doesn't drink beer any more, but he . There is not a sheriff in our town now, but there . . Many people don’t go to church now, but they . . . . There is a cemetery in the heart of the city, but there . I don't take my dog for a walk any more, but I . There is not a swimming pool in this area, but there . EXERCISE 283 THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS Complete the following sentences with "must" or "mustn't" to express "Obligation", "Necessity" or "Prohibition" in (he present or future, to give opinions about something or to make an invitation. Example : You . smoke on the Underground, (prohibition) You mustn't smoke on the underground. You . pay your rent on time, (obligation) You must pay your rent on time. You. play loud music early in the morning Your neighbours will get angry You . wear jeans if you are going for an

interview tomorrow The doctor said to the patient, "You . stay in bed and you eat fatty foods" You . . cross (he street when the light is red You. - forget to write and thank them for their hospitality I. gel a pair of new shoes; my old ones are worn out 381 This letter is urgent. It I . be sent by fax to the States this morning. . write a cheque for the rent today You are very careless. You be more careful in future. I don't want anybody to know that. You tell anyone what 1 told you You . stand up when the teacher comes into the classroom The little girl. . go home before it gets dark, Your father is too fat. He eat too much bread or drink alcohol You. talk to everybody politely You . have a lot of money; otherwise, you can't think of living in Paris You . . go and see the new Spielberg film It is wonderful, indeed You . . make too much noise or you will wake the baby You . wash lettuce before making a salad We

. walk on the grass in the park You . call a doctor if your flu goes on for longer than a week Little children . go to bed late You. borrow people's things without asking them first If you go to Cyprus you . drive on the right side of the road. You . drive a car if you don't have a driving licence You . come and visit us whenever you come to Istanbul That is a wonderful book. You really read it You. . keep dangerous chemicals in a sate place in your house Children . play with sharp knives You have failed the test again. You be ashamed of yourself The people of a country . obey the law but the law be just EXERCISE 284 THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS Complete the following sentences with the construction below to express a "Positive" or "Negative" Logical Deduction about the present. MUST + Example: + PLAIN INFINITIVE CAN'T PLAIN INFINITIVE The lift is not working. It . be out of order The lift is not working. It must be

out of order He has got fair hair, so he . . be an Indian 382 He has got fair hair, so he can't be an. Indian She . be a doctor She doesn't look old enough Her bed room light is on, so she . be asleep now There . be someone in the house; there is smoke coming from the chimney They don't know each other, so they . . be strangers. You haven't stopped yawning for the past twenty minutes, Janet . You be tired I had difficulty in starting the car. There . be something wrong with the batter)' I hear your daughter has got a really good job. You . be very proud of her The dog is barking fiercely, so there . be someone at the door There is somebody at the door. It is ten o'clock It . .be the postman Your father has been off work for five weeks. He We have just started working. You be very ill. . be tired already She is always spending money like water. She . . be very rich. Your father has been running since the sun rose.

He be very tired It is twelve o'clock and Vince is not answering the phone; he. You look just like Jackie; you . . . be out . be her sister If you feel like swimming another mile, you . be tired By my watch it is live o'clock, but if that is the 6 o'clock news, my watch . be slow. You know lots of things about English grammar. Then you be an English teacher Angela writes a lot of letters to her friends. She . . have a lot of spare time The teacher . beat home No, he be at home because I saw him in the staff room five minutes ago A lot of people travel by plane, so flying . be dangerous The child cannot buy even a loaf of bread. He be very poor You. be hungry yet; you had dinner only an hour ago. If the teacher is shouting at everybody, she . be very angry Janet. be married because she is only fifteen years old EXERCISE 285 THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS Answer the following questions using the structures on the list below to express

"Criticism" or "Regret" about 383 the past actions. SHOULD OUGHT TO Example: + + HAVE HAVE + + PAST PARTICIPLE PAST PARTICIPLE A: Did you give up smoking last year? B: I should have given up smoking last year, but I didn't. A: Did you tell your father the truth last night? B: I ought to to have told my father the truth, but I didn't. 1. A: Did your sister slop eating chocolates when she got Fat? B: 2. A: Did your father get up early this morning? B: 3. A: Did your son work hard when he was at school? B: 4. A: Did Helga help her mother in the kitchen last night? B: 5. A: Did you do all the exercises correctly? B: 6. A: Did your

father telephone you last night? B: 7. A: Did your father save all his money to buy a new car? B: 8. A: Did you introduce your girlfriend to your parents last week? B: 9. A: Did your friend become a doctor like his father? B: 10. A: Did your gardener water all the flowers yesterday? B: 11. A: Did you warn your children about the dangers of the safari? B: 12. A: Did you apologize to your teacher for what you had done? B: 13. A: Did you learn Arabic when you were in Saudi Arabia? B:

14. A: Did you write the tellers in English? B: 15. A: Did you sleep with all the windows closed last night? 384 B: EXERCISE 286 THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS Complete the following sentences with the structures below to express a "Positive" or "Negative" Logical Deduction about the Past. Example : MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE CAN'T + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE A: Did you hear the explosion last night? B: No, I didn’t. I must have been fast asleep A: The prisoner escaped at night. B: He can't have escaped at midnight because he was with me all night, 1. A: My brother speaks Spanish fluently B: He lived in Spain for a long time then. 2. A: I saw a ghost last night B: You seen a ghost; there aren't any ghosts in this world. 3- A: She told me that her father went to

London. B: You misunderstood her, because her father went to Paris. 4. A: As I was standing in the hall, your dog bit me B: It been my dog; it was with me all day long. 5. A: The fish has disappeared I wonder if the cat has eaten it B: Well, if the fish has disappeared, the cat eaten it. 6. A: I saw Judy in the cinema last night B: You seen her; she is still in hospital. 7. A: The burglar went straight to the safe although it was hidden behind a picture B: Someone told him where it was. 8. A: My pocket is empty Have I spent all my money? B: Well, if your pocket is empty, you .spent all your money 9. A: Marisa is very late 1 wonder if her car broke down B: Well, if she is late, her car broken down. 10. A: Rose wrote the letter in English B: She written it in English, because she doesn't know English.

11. A: People used to walk ten kilometres to do their shopping many years ago B: They had a lot of time and energy in those days. 12. A: The door was open when I came home 385 B: it been open. I had locked it myself and the key was in my pocket 13. A: Do you know why Gilda is walking to work? B: She missed the bus again. 14- A: Anita went to sleep in the park and when she woke up her purse had vanished. B: Someone stolen it when she was asleep. 15. A: 1 cannot find my wallet Did I leave it at home, I wonder? B: Well, if you cannot find your wallet, you left it on the bus. EXERCISE 287 THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS Rewrite the following sentences using the structures below to express "Logical Deduction" about the Past. Example: MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE CAN'T + HAVE + PARTICIPLE I think the thief opened my handbag while I was talking to my

friend. The thief must have opened my handbag while I was talking to my friend. I don’t think that my boss has read your report yet. My boss can't have read your report yet I am sure that the bottles were delivered to the warehouse. I am not sure that the manufacturer made some amendments to the contract. I don't think that the locks have been changed. I am sure that they sent us at least ten copies of the report. I don’t believe I have lost the keys. I think I have left them at home 1 think the man saw the address of the agency on the brochure. I am not certain that your father wrote that article about inflation in Turkey. I don’t think that demand for their products was very high last year. I am sure that Sharon has got used to her new job in this office. I don't suppose that Wendy went and reported the matter at the police station. I am pretty sure that David has gone to try out his new car. I don’t think that I left my finger-prints on the gun, because I was

wearing my gloves. Hilda has had a very long interview. I am sure that she has got the job Oh no! When I was cooking these vegetables, I think I didn't put any sail in them. I don’t think that he has been made redundant. He was only promoted last week 386 EXERCISE 288 THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS Make a comment for the following situations using the structures below to express Advice", "Obligation" or "Criticism". Example: SHOULD + HAVE SHOULDN'T + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE + PAST PARTICIPLE A: I was poisoned because I ate some poisonous mushrooms by mistake. B: You shouldn't have eaten those mushrooms. A: I didn't do my homework, so my teacher got angry with me. B: You should have done your homework. 1. A: I didn't write down the address, so I have forgotten it B: You 2. A: Helen didn't stand still while she was being photographed E: She

3. A: My father caught a terrible cold, because he went out without a coat B :He 4. A: The room is full of flies, because my mother opened all the windows B: She 5. A: The driver in front slopped suddenly without giving a warning and I drove into the back of his car B: The driver 6. A: My brother lost many opportunities, because he didn't take the exam 387 B: Your brother 7. A: I am broke now, because 1 spent all my money foolishly B: You 8. A: The teacher shouted at me this morning, because I didn’t wear a tie B: You

9. A: The man treated the animals cruelly, that's why my son started to cry B: The man 10. A: Marisa slipped and broke her ankle, because she was wearing high heeled shoes on the icy pavement B: She 11. A: The policeman gave Fiona a ticket, because she had parked her car in a no-parking zone B: Fiona 12. A: Romeo jumped into The take although he didn't know how to swim B: He 13. A: My father drove the ear after taking four sleeping pills B: He 14. A: My sister is upset because you didn’t write her a letter B: I am sorry, I 13. A: My father was very furious, because the

children had not gone to bed in time B: The children EXERCISE 289 PREPOSITIONS (1) Complete each sentence with a proper "Preposition" on the list below. ON IN AT OF WITH TO ABOUT FOR FROM I am ashamed. my children's behaviour The house is still . fire She was still. pain after her operation Helen takes great pride . her new car . his great surprise, he won the first prize The prisoners were . the mercy the ruthless guardians George is a very mean person. He finds it difficult to part The man was found guilty . murder . first I thought he was very rude, but now 1 like him 388 . his money He has not heard . his father ages There is a house. sale near here My brother is always very critical. his friends He insisted. having his lawyer present. The soldier was presented . a gold medal after the war I will go to Canada . good and I will never comeback again I would like to

apologize . you what I said The teacher is always complaining . the parents . the students I am not . good terms my brother; we are always fighting The teacher accused the child . his bad behaviour Such behaviour is characteristic . Jane She is always doing such things She was . a hurry and didn't notice that she had dropped her purse The watch he bought . the man was identical the one I had lost I really congratulate you . your great success She is very keen . playing computer games He was jealous . his friend's success Your dress is really very similar. . the one I have just bought Olga spent all her money . a new car John claimed that he was not guilty . committing the crime I am not accustomed . driving the left side of the road Mothers always worry . their children, and so do fathers My father is frightened. snakes The plane was gelling ready to land . the airport . Miami My wife is very fond . working in the garden She bought these books

. the black market My father is worried . my health EXERCISE 290 PREPOSITIONS (2) Complete each sentence with a proper "Preposition" on the list below. ON IN WITH OF ABOUT AT TO FOR OVER FROM Have you found the solution . the problem? He is a very big boy . his age All the trees in our garden are now . blossom 389 He had a strange expression. his face when he said that he loved me I haven't got much talent. music We are . favour this reform Are you married . Gilda? I always try to be patient. . my students Handle this parcel. care; it contains something breakable The horse was able to jump . the high wall I haven't got any money . me I have never bought an avocado, so I can't tell a ripe one . . an unripe one I prefer red cars . blue ones We must book a room . advance if you really want to go there He was a man . great determination The teacher was delighted . the students' progress We are all familiar . the French

literature, but the American literature is unfamiliar . me I will pay you a hundred dollars . cash the machine James was very proud . his brother She is not interested . classical music My father doesn't have any confidence . me The car was going. 100 miles an hour when the accident happened, I haven't seen you . ages Where have you been? He sells . the average twenty cars a day Everything was . darkness when the lights went out Don't worry . being unemployed; 1 am the same boat I don’t agree . the man who says that Turkey is full impostors I am sick and tired . living in Istanbul We are waiting. the arrival his plane My father has been working . the BBC a long time We go to the theatre . irregular intervals I saw a cowboy. the distance The teacher had no control. the class. EXERCISE 291 PREPOSITIONS (3) 390 Complete each sentence with a proper "Preposition" on the list below. AT FOR TO WITH FROM We will go . !N

ABOUT INTO AGAINST ON OVER BY . the circus tonight if my father comes home . . time When we arrived. Paris, it was raining cats and dogs You are mistaken. I don’t agree you . this point. I never listen . the radio while 1 am doing my homework If you believe . I prayed justice, you must believe . . the existence of God . Jane because she was having hard times Hammer the nail . . this wood, will you? I was surprised . what my teacher said . . the Prime Minister We have not heard . Wendy a long time I would like to thank everyone . . all the help they have given me She confused her . asking many difficult questions The soldiers were marching . the bridge when the time-bomb exploded The Church of Hn gland broke . . Rome . the reign of Henry "VIII Some people make a lot of fuss . their food. He was blamed . breaking the law The actor appeared . "Sons and Lovers" last year The criminal goes . the name

of John When we got. the house, no one was there The burglar was wearing a mask . his face The soldiers complained . the commanding officer . . the bad conditions All of a sudden, the storm developed . a typhoon The wreckage . the plane scattered The snake changed . . a large area a beautiful lady. What a pity that he quarrel resulted . . . . a fight The slaves rose . their cruel master The bull rushed . me, because I was dressed I am shaking hands. She got frightened. . red . my English teacher . the sight of the dead man The citizens protested . . the new law This corridor opens . the hall She will witness . Smith . . the trial, because she hales him I closed my eyes and wished . a car The destroyer collided . the United States nuclear submarine 391 I have come to praise my friend, not 10 complain . him I insist . seeing the manager right away EXERCISE 292 PREPOSITIONS (4) Complete each sentence with a proper

"Preposition" on the list below. AT ON BEHIND AROUND IN UNDER BETWEEN 1. I saw the teacher BELOW . the North Pole 3. The books which you gave me are lying . AMONG . the bus-stop half an hour ago 2. He was in the first submarine that sailed 4. She is ABOVE . the floor . the kitchen helping her mother the moment 5. The captain of the ship was 6. Do you live . . the sailors who had abandoned the ship. . Samsun? 7. There are too many cars the roads today 8. Helen lives the third floor 9. As it was raining heavily, we decided to stay home last night 10. I was . work all day 11. She will witness against David . Saturday. the trial. 12. This painting looks nice this wall 13. Living together without getting married is increasingly common 14. The Mississippi River is the longest river 15. We ran into Carol . . the young the United States of America. . the exhibition the other day 16. He works the Bank of England 17.

Arnavutkoy is Bebek and Kuruçeşme 18. The teacher is sluing 19. The children . the table and writing a letter . 14 years of age are not allowed to see this film 20. We are going to have a holiday . the mountains 21. When the train arrived the station, we bought a newspaper 22. The visitors are sitting . the balcony . the moment 23. A light started . the two groups of boys 24. I am looking . . the example .the board 25. We didn't see you the party last night 26. We had breakfast the garden this morning 392 27. The captain of a ship is a seaman 28. 1 dreamt of you last night You were . a bus going . Ankara 29. Samsun and Ordu are the Black Sea 30. Kars is the eastern part of Turkey, isn't it? 31. The burglar heard a noise coming from upstairs, so he hid the curtains. 32. Some politicians walked the crowds, shaking hands with the people 33. The plane took off and was soon flying die clouds 34. She has

beautiful works of art all 35. The temperature is . her house, even in the kitchen . zero, so there might be a frost tonight EXERCISE 293 PREPOSITIONS (5) Complete each sentence with a proper "Preposition" on the list below. OF FROM IN ABOUT AT FOR TO WITH 1. That is very kind you To show me the way to the hospital 2. I am proud . being a Turkish citizen 3. My father is very good playing table tennis 4. It was a good film beginning end 5. He is very different his sister 6. Mersin is famous its oranges 7. He was shouting . the top of his voice 8. I have been interested the stars 9. My sister is very much afraid . . . a long time . mice 10. Why are you angry me? Have I said something wrong? 11. My sister is very bad tennis 12. The teacher is very kind her students 13. Rose was absent class yesterday 14- She was annoyed . what she heard 15. Are you ashamed your parents? 16. I am not really concerned that side of

the story. 17. 1 am vary grateful my English teacher . . her great help 18. She is very indifferent the events happening in Turkey 19. I am fond classical music 20. She was absorbed . her book 393 21. Are you relatedJohn Smith? 22. The guards walked and fro in front of the palace 23. I think Sarah is connected the bank robbery 24'. The man was conscious being watched by the police 25. I am not very enthusiastic working on Saturdays 26. I am not very pleased the performance of the car 27. If you are bored listening to the radio, let's play chess 28. He is always carefulhis appearance 29. He soon became adjusted his new job here 30. She is married two children 31. I am very disappointed you 32. Are you excited going to Italy? 33. We can admire the magnificent view of the sea the hotel balcony 34. The man resorted violence to settle the quarrel 35. Canterbury is famous its ancient cathedral EXERCISE 294 PREPOSITIONS (6) Complete each

sentence with a proper "Preposition" on the list below. AT ON UNTIL IN FOR DURING TO 1. I learnt to play the piano SINCE AFTER BEFORE . the age of ten 2. He always visits his parents . . Christmas 3. My father came Istanbul 4. I have been in Germany 5. I will wait here FROM . . August. . 1969 . the end of the game 6. She lived London ten years 7. I arrived . die station 8. I will be here . ten o'clock . ten minutes 9. We ran into Paul the early hours of the morning 10. Friday morning we left Istanbul . Hamburg 11. We will go Antalya the spring 12. 1 will have breakfast the exam 13. My sister usually goes swimming . the weekend 14. We always have a big party . New Year's Eve 15. He was hanged dawn. 394 16. . . my stay in hospital, I lost twelve kilos 17. They took rests work every three hours 18. which century was Beethoven born ? 19. She has been married Frank ten years 20.

Do you have snow your country 21. She burst into tears . . the winter? . hearing the tragic news 22. I cried the end of the film 23. the wedding ceremony, all the guests went home 24. I always go and see her her birthday 25. I have to be back twelve o'clock 26. I was very nervous the examination 27. We arrived there lunch time 28. They got married the first of April 29. We will play tennis Wednesday afternoon 30. He lay agony until the doctor came 31. her maiden voyage, the Titanic met with disaster 32. The stewardess showed us how to use a life jacket the beginning of the flight 33. I lived in Paris five years, 1976 . 1981 34. I am going to England Easter 35. What will you do Christmas day? EXERCISE 295 PREPOSITIONS (7) Complete each sentence with a proper "Preposition" on the list below. AT I'OR TO FROM ON IN SINCE 1. My father is UNTIL the ship sailing. Japan. 2. I saw a shadow my left when I

got out of the house 3. I get up . . six o'clock . . the morning. 4. We don't, gel up early Sunday mornings 5. I believe . God. 6. I have been working 7. They live 8. . the TRT .years . 15 Royal Street . a quarter-past ten I was still waiting 9. She was injured . . a train crash. 395 . . my friend 10. He is a man great physical strength 11. She is afraid . losing her money and fame 12. I haven't seen you ages 13. She learned English . six months 14. Their names were not the passenger list 15. What do you wish your birthday? 16. There were some people the queue 17. I was introduced 18. Bursa is famous . front. . . me her parents yesterday. . its peaches 19. They accused him robbing a bank 20. I am going to apply . that job as soon as possible. 21. It does little good to argue a judge 22. It often takes a long time to recover a serious illness 23. Wearing these clothes while working

will protect you 24. We are very different . each other 25. She is very fond . walking in the rain 26. Can I buy duly-free goods 27. I was repairing the car . . possible injury the plane? . 8 o'clock eleven o'clock this morning 28. She has been suffering malaria 29. I am working with a pen . . .1999 my hand, and I am sitting. . a table. 30. This old church dates the twelfth century 31. The children stayed awake midnight 32. . least ten students were . . 33. I am very grateful Helen 34. The teacher attached great importance the cinema last night. . . . her great help . Rose's project. 35. She is sitting her final examination EXERCISE 296 PREPOSITIONS (8) Complete each sentence with a proper "Preposition" on the list below. BY AT WITH LIKE FOR OF ON OFF INTO FROM 1. We always go to the cinema . . bus 2. She charmed the guests . her smiles 396 OUT OF 3. The prisoner is charged . I

reason 4. I have great admiration . 5. Ursula says it is romantic to have dinner . candlelight 6. I always go to the cinema . my Friends 7. She goes to school. 8. The ashtray hit him . the head 9. A number of students have been arrested . . Atatürk .foot 10. That was not an accident; you did . . the police purpose. 11. His wound was treated the new ointment 12. Rebecca and Mandy are armed . spears 13. He recited the whole poem memory 14. Rosemary lives . . her parents. 15. Henry insisted . complaining 16. I want to do something nice, . . the manager. . person . going to die cinema 17. Some sweets must be saved the children 18. The car was . good condition when it was bought 19. I have won a lot . money . gambling 20. They will sell the car a low price 21. Caroline's husband is work now He has been looking for a job 22. Several people were arrested connection . the bank robbery 23. The doctor

usually [ravels plane 24. The poor man had been stabbed a knife 25. The Concorde can travel very high speeds 26. He lost his job being drunk 27. I am a bit short money 28. They took a taxi the airport 29. When they arrived home, they got 30. All the books suddenly fell . . . the hotel . the car . the shelf. 31. He was very tired when he got back . the party 32. He lost control the car and it went . . the road 33. She came the room and all the students stood up 34. Put all the books the table, will you? 35. We stopped the traffic lights EXERCISE 297 PREPOSITIONS (9) 397 Complete each sentence with a proper "Preposition" on the list below. BY FROM WITH AT FOR OF OFF TO IN ON 1. I am fed up your remarks about my compositions 2. Did you come the U.K .business? 3. Thai painting is Picasso 4. If you join the club, you must abide its rules 5. all his faults he is still a good husband 6. The burglar has been

charged . seven crimes 7. I am not acquainted that man Do you know him? 8. What time is it your watch? 9. We agreed the price the car 10. How did you do the science lest? 11. The decision rests you 12. I am not friendly terms the landlady the moment 13. A fire broke out one of its engines and soon the whole wing was flames 14. I did badly that exam 15. She reprimanded him breaking the window 16. They claim that crime is the increase in Turkey 17. Henry VIII wanted the church to cancel his marriage Catherine of Aragon 18. last I have managed to cure him that nasty habit 19. This house reminds me the house I grew up in 20. I didn't go downstairs because 1 was afraid the dark 21. He sat listening the sound of her key in the door 22. The man spoke a foreign accent 23. We are often suspicious strangers 24. She paid the bill cheque 25. The prisoner tried To conceal the truth 26. . the judge . my arrival home, I was greeted my

parents 27. The house was crowded students 28. He spoke an air of authority 29. My friend fell his bicycle while he was looking at a beautiful girl 30. It was pouring rain 31. The man who is hard hearing pretends to be a famous writer 32. Most people do not object giving charity 33. He is fully aware the risks he takes 398 34. I cannot put up your laziness 35. Does your daughter always keep up the latest fashion? EXERCISE 298 PREPOSITIONS (10) Complete the following sentences with the necessary "Prepositions". 1. You have to pay for the tickets . advance 2. She apologised being late 3. He accused me stealing his pen 4. She learned the poem heart 5. She is always complaining my teacher . her friends. 6. I am not very keen tennis 7. I should be able to cope this problem 8. Everyone enjoyed the film . me 9. The storm resulted the deaths of over fifty people 10. The manager look several phone calls . . my interview 11. He

is the impression that you love him 12. . my request, they ordered me a taxi 13. Everything is control There is no need to panic ] 4. She told me that she had sent the letter . . post a week ago 15. Strawberries are season at the moment, so they are very expensive 16. 1 have heard this song so many limes that I know it 17. i am afraid that these jumpers are 18. The natives are armed 19. I am tired . . heart . stock, so we cannot find them spears. . wearing this old jacket 20. I will go to Japan good I will never come back again 21. We inflated the balloon gas 22. The mixture consists soda and time 23. They insisted our staying for lunch 24. I am ashamed my son's behaviour 25. He showed great attention his work 26. My sister always puts the blame . me 27. Our English teacher is always careful his appearance, 28. The dog shows great affection his master 29. The boy was afraid the dog, so he couldn't enter the garden 399

30. He spoke an air of authority at the meeting 31. What is the alternative this question? 32. James received no answer his letter 33. I began my musical education the age . five 34. I am going to stay here the end of the month 35. I don't think you dropped the vase . accident You did it purpose 36. I am charge of the office while the manager is away EXERCISE 299 PREPOSITIONS (11) Complete the following sentences with the necessary "Prepositions". 1. The workers don't want to work these conditions 2. The plan was prepared patience 3. I always pay my electricity bill . cash 4. We are looking forward seeing you next week 5. The man had a craving . alcohol, so I didn't mam 'him 6. The taxi was going a tremendous rate 7. You will have to put up them for a little longer 8. She is . . the habit of talking . 9. I am very grateful Angela 10. While . herself . her great help . his way the cinema, he

met an old friend 11. The two countries are now . . war each other 12. If I give you the information, what will you give me 13. I ran for the bus, and now I am . 14. I will wait you . . return? breath. . the cinema, on the pavement 15. No one can beat me backgammon 16. He promised to be here by ten o'clock .fail 17. We need to decide who is going to be the committee 18. This car runs . unleaded petrol 19. The football match starts three o'clock Saturday 20. There has been a rise . lire number of violent crimes . . Turkey. 21. The difference you and me is that I don’t mind hard work 22. I am having trouble my car these days 23. the exam, Robert began to feel unwell, so the teacher sent me out 400 24. I was . the impression that you like football, but I was wrong 25. She has talent languages 26. least nobody got hurt . . the accident 27. One of the irate fans threw a bottle . the goalkeeper 28. I

fell in love her the moment I saw her 29. The car crashed . the wall and then burst 30. Many changes were made . flames . the last minute 31. Ben Johnson was no means as innocent as he pretended 32. I am looking for a pair of jeans my size 33. She always stays here when he is leave 34. Do you want to come a swim Saturday morning? 35. She went to school complaining 36. My sister is very fond . playing tennis EXERCISE 300 PREPOSITIONS (12) Complete the following sentences with the necessary "Prepositions". 1. We are going Scotland . . a holiday 2. We haven't had a letter our parents . ages. 3. I haven’t cleaned my car my birthday 4. The house with the red door belongs the Smiths 5. Do you want me to write this letter . . Hnglish7 6. I spent a lot of money good food, not . . presents. 7. Pamela lay the sun and then swam the sea 8. Steve often stays the office 9. She is going to the cinema with a

friend . 5 o'clock . hers 10. The car has run petrol, so we cannot go anywhere 11. Have you seen our English teacher . the past few years? 12. I was accusedstealing the money 13. All flights have been cancelled because 14. George congratulated me . fog . passing my examination 15. She knocked the door to wake me up 16. Candidly speaking, I prefer Paris London 17. The roof . the house is . bad condition. 401 18. Some people are not favour . . nuclear power in Turkey 19. We ran into a friend yours in the street yesterday 20. A plane carrying 28 passengers crashed 21. lam the sea the other day. . my way school now 22. He hasn't replied your letter yet 23. Who is that girl standing the bus-stop? 24. In Britain people drive the left 25. Tom spent his holidays a small island the coast of Scotland 26. London is the River Thames 27. I was selling . the back 28. Have you ever worked . the car when the accident

happened a farm? 29. I was Tom's house last night 30. Do you know if this train slops Ankara? 31. Did you talk Jack your problem? 32. I am sorry not phoning you last night. I completely forgot 33. She is married a Spaniard and she is very happy 34. It was very kind you to send me these flowers! 35. Pamela went away saying good-bye 36. Ann is very different . her sister 36. I think the manufacturer wants some amendments to the contract 37. I hope a lot of skin diving on holiday 38. They can holiday bookings very quickly by means of computers 39. He didn't get the job because he . badly in the interview, 40. He is some special training to be a pilot 41. Does she her share of the housework? 42. When I was at school, I used 43. One should have lots of patience . a lot of baby sitting at the weekends . gymnastics 44. Scarcely had the plane taken oil when the pilot had to a forced landing 45. When did you learn up your own

shoe-laces? 46. . that parcel up, please 47. Please sit down and yourself at home 48. I will the beds before I go to school tomorrow morning 49. The police hope an arrest very soon 50. What association do you with the colour black? 51. Your diets are adjusted according to the progress you 52. I had to have some repairs . . to my car 402 . 53. You had better your chores properly 54. Without further apology, he 55. I told the secretary . a dash for the telephone . all the arrangements for the meeting 56. A change of job will you good, I suppose 57. What are those clothes . on the floor? 58. I don't love this woman as much as you 59. It is quiet difficult an exercise like this 60. They will . a firm offer for your house 61. John is often behind in his payments 62. I stayed at home and some reading 63. When I an apology to a woman, I say, "I am sorry Madam" 64. Do you want an assessment of this? 65.

Fish and chips a good meal 66. I don't know how you can a crossword puzzle all evening 67. I a bit of tennis at the weekends 68. I think Cathy will an excellent doctor 69. She many false statements at the meeting yesterday 70. She a pantomime of put ling a key in the lock and finally the guy understood that she wanted her room key. 71. He is a recommendation about the use of nuclear power 72. The dragon . nothing but good 73. Have you . . . the pilgrimage? 74. . up your shirt, it is not 75. What have you . with your bicycle? -I have put it in the yard 76. I cannot. without music 77. He . a model plane out of wood last night 78. If you want. 79. He had . up his mind Lobe a doctor when he joined the navy 80. The boy. up that story; it was no I true . properly friends, you must have good manners. B. RISE /RAISE /ARISE: 1. I always wake up just after the sun has 2. They . money for the victims of the disaster last week 3. The

wind the fallen leaves from the ground this morning 4. Mistakes often from lack of organisation 5. The water in the river is still . . after the storm 403 6. My brother from the chair to greet the lady when he saw her 7. New factories have on the edge of the town recently 8. The price of bread has sharply recently 9. We the sunken ship to the surface of the sea the other day 10. The River Rhine in Switzerland 11. They . horses and oxen in this area 12. My mother has five children so far 13. The horse on its hind legs a few minutes ago 14. Before I started to make my speech, I my glass to the President' health 15. The road steeply from the village 16. your voice! I can hardly hear you 17. Their voices are . higher and higher with excitement at the moment 18. She her finger to her lips as a sign lot silence when I started to cry 19. The man the fallen child to his feel when I went there 20. I can not because of my broken leg 21.

My mother the lid of the box a few minutes ago 22. My spirits when I heard the good news 23. The moon has not yet 24. My joke a blush on the young girl's cheeks 25. I will a protest at the meeting if I go there 26. He looked as if he had from the grave 27. The quarrel out of a misunderstanding last night 28. They wheat and barley in this region 29. The flood three meters yesterday 30. The man his hat to the lady before he entered the house 31. The teacher's voice in anger when I made a mistake 32. The mercury in the barometer has . . again 33. He his eyebrows in surprise when he saw me cheating in the exam 34. They no objection when I suggested going to the cinema 35- His jokes barely . a smile at the meeting yesterday 36. The slaves against their cruel master last week 37. We will have to put off making a decision because a problem has 38. your hand if you want to ask me a question 39. You are not aware of the problems that

from rushing things too much 40. Don't worry, 1 am going to your salary 41. Everyone to their feel when the judge entered the courtroom 404 42. The treasure was to the surface by the divers last Saturday 43. Since the new equipment was installed, productivity has considerably 44. The hot air balloon quickly into the sky 45. The misunderstanding has from the wording of the letter 46. An argument over the bill last night 47. A storm after midnight last night 48. They . an army of ten thousand men last week. 49. They a statue to the heroes of the revolution two months ago. 50. He the question of unemployment at the ministerial meeting C. SAY / TELL / SPEAK / TALK : 1. Sebnem that she cannot remember my name 2. Historically , the island is of great interest 3. Ash stepped on my foot and didn’t I sorry 4. Tuncay jokes better than anyone else I know 5. Lei's make an early start tomorrow, at 5 am! 6. 1 Yildiz that I had lost all my

money 7. Would you mind more slowly, please? 8. The psychiatrist encouraged Banu over her problems 9. Do you that you don't love her any more? 10. Do you mind me the time, please? 11. Do you always good morning to your parents? 12. Sevinç . that she was making fun of the girl 13. My father always the truth 14. Meral quietly, never raising her voice 15. You must learn . "please" and "thank you" 16. Zeynep to her mother on the phone every week 17. Even at a party my Friends shop 18. Whenever they are together, they . . politics 19. Il in the instructions that you should shake it very well 20. Please me what you want 21. Dilek . yes, but Nilgun . . no 22. In their house it is Lora who wears the trousers, so 23. I don't understand what he about 24. That parrot all day long 25. My friend . nonsense at the moment 26. Can I to/with Janet, please? 405 27. Il goes without that our plans depend on the

weather 28. Can you me how I can get to the airport from here? 29. I . him not to make a noise in the room 30. your plans tail; then what will you do? 31. She . us a lovely story last night 32. I have nothing to you 33. The teacher him off for not doing his homework 34. I my prayers when I get into my bed 35. She me the secret tomorrow, 36. I cannot which of the two is the elder 37. She is the only woman who can you your fortune 38. Do you your grace before eating your meals? 39. My brother-in-law often lies 40. He looked at me but he didn't hello 41. I left the house without 42. I cannot . .goodbye . the difference between the twins 43. My father is very good at jokes 44. I cannot Jane from Janet They look so alike 45. Canyon a ripe avocado from an unripe one? D. GAIN / WIN / EARN : 1. Monica a lot of experience recently 2. The car speed at the moment 3. He the race last week. 4. She a lot of money 5. He

possession of the house when his father died 6. It has her the respect of all her colleagues. 7. He has five pounds in weight over Christmas 8. George his case because he had a very good defence lawyer 9. She has my love 10. His roses him a gold medal in the Flower Show the oilier day 11. My watch five minutes a day 12. They have enormously in confidence since they started work 13. In 1801 Nelson fought and the battle of Copenhagen 14. An American firm has the contract for the reconstruction job 15. He the hearts of audiences everywhere 16. He . a living as a car mechanic 406 17. She has her promotion through years of hard work. 18. Her latest book has her worldwide acclaim 19. Coffee exports Brazil many millions of pounds a year 20. The baby twelve pounds in a month 21. 1 . a lot of weight while I was on holiday 22. The Republicans are ground in the Southern States 23. It is very difficult access to the office of the Prime

Minister 24. Which year was it that Italy the World Cup? 25. This is the third medal she has this season 26. If this government the next election, I am leaving the country 27. I think you have that argument, Peter 28. What do you hope from the course? E. LIE/LAY: 1. If you are tired, you had better go and . down 2. The dog on the back beat of the car when the accident happened 3. The maid the table at the moment 4. Our hens 5. I . two dozen eggs yesterday just. the dictionary on your desk 6. The man has been in prison for ten years 7. A curse always on that family for years 8. He said that he had never been there, but apparently he 9. A new submarine cable . between England and the Netherlands 10. They . a trap for their enemies yesterday 11. The snow . thick on the ground last week 12. The town . 13. The final decision. with the jury 14. The ship . about two miles to the east of the city . anchor oil the coast of Cyprus

yesterday. 15. I will do everything [hat in my power 16. You have always . to your parents, so they don't believe you any more 17. They the wounded woman down on the grass 18. This workman is able bricks very quickly 19. She a heavy burden on my shoulders saying that I would look after the children 20. His body in the graveyard of" this town 21. I read anything 1 can . my hands on when 1 was on holiday 22. Don't leave your socks on the floor 23. The fault appears with the computer system 407 24. I wonder what really behind her decision 25. The dog its ears back and howled. 26. These discussions have the foundation for a change of policy 27. . - down your weapons and surrender; your situation is hopeless 28. She always about her age, so no one knows how old she really is 29. They are new telephone lines That's why, the road is closed 30. As he had been warned that bad weather ahead, he changed course 31. I

my towel on the sands and . . down on it after you went away 32. These books on the table for a long time 33. She great emphasis on good manners, 34. The scene of the story is in Ankara 35. Will you please aside that book for me? 36. I am awfully sorry that I to you last night 37. They have all the facts of the case before me 38. She was dead on the floor when the police arrived, 39. The problem with him, not with me I haven't got any problems at all 40. Don't hands on everything you see. EXERCISE 302 TRANSFORMATION (1) Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it. Example : I haven't enjoyed myself so much for years. It is. . . . . It is years since I enjoyed myself so much. 1. He got wet because he didn't have an umbrella If he . . . . . , . 2. The plate was so hot that Caroline couldn't pick it up It was . . . . .

. . . . - - 3. Bill didn't go to work because there was a transport strike If there. . . . . . 4. It is not always necessary to show your passport at the border You . . 5. If a new bridge is not built, the traffic problem will get worse Unless . . . . . . . . 6. The new motorway to the coast is still being built They are still . . . . . . . . 7. I prefer flying to going by ship I would rather. . 408 . . . . . 8. Bill Brown started flying planes ten years ago Bill Brown has . , . . . . 9. They have already banned lorries from the centre of some cities Lorries. . . . . . . . . . 10. Public transport used to be cheaper than it is now Public transport isn't . . . . . . . . . 11. I have never been on a transatlantic flight before This is . . . . . . . 12. My father used to cycle more than he does now My father doesn't cycle .

. . 13. The super jet flew from London to New York in only two hours It only look . . . . 14. John's salary was so low that he demanded a pay rise, John had. . . . . . 15. It is too cold to go swimming today It isn't . . . 16.I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema I prefer . . . 17. Although he felt ill, Philip went to work In spite . 18. Are you still doing your homework? Haven't you . 19. " Nancy, what about staying for dinner?" said Müge Muge invited . 20. Somebody will steal your bicycle unless you lock it Your bicycle . 21. Paul wasn't healthy enough to become a soldier Paul was. -- 22 Maureen didn't have enough holiday to visit her aunt in Australia Maureen's holiday . 23. I have never had such a marvellous opportunity before This is . 24. Rose worked harder than Carol Carol didn't. 25. The training

course was not so interesting as he had expected He had expected . 409 . 26. " Why don’t we go windsurfing to morrow? "John said John suggested . 27. It annoys me when people smoke in restaurants I cannot stand people . 28. We couldn't swim in the sea because of strong currents Strong currents stopped . . 29. Did I pay the bill? I don’t remember I don't remember . . 30. Oh, yes I am certain that I saw that woman, I remember . 31. Susan had her eyes lased Susan's eyes . . - - . 32. A lot of people say that sugar is bad for old people Sugar . 33. Lucy asked me if I had always smoked so much Lucy said to . 34. Nobody can answer the question The question . 35. We won't go to the seaside unless the weather improves If. 36. It was such an interesting film chat we saw it twice The film . . . 37. Helen is a better tennis-player than I am I am not. . . . . . . .

38. People speak English in the United Stales of America English. . . . . . . . 39. Christopher Wren designed that church That church. . . . 40. I think I should take an aspirin I had . . . 41. "I had nothing to do with the robbery, "he claimed He denied . 42. I will be glad to get my new false teeth lam looking . . . . . . 43. A number of accidents have occurred in our factory recently There . 410 44. It wasn't until I was sixteen that I learned to swim I only . . 45. A very clever surgeon operated on Uncle Percy last month Uncle Percy . EXERCISE 303 TRANSFORMATION (2) 411 Complete or combine each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it Example : George doesn't swim as well as Harry (does). Harry Harry swims better than George (does). 1. They are making plans for a new bridge over the river Plans. .

. - . . 2. I didn't understand the question and Betty didn't either Neither . . . . . . . . . 3. Heavy rains washed the bridge away The bridge . . . . 4. The flat is too small for six people The flat isn't . . . . . . . 5. Fred cooks much better than his wife does Fred's wife doesn't. . 6. Charles asked his father if he could borrow his car "May . . 7. It is not necessary for you to come tomorrow You . . . . . . 8. I haven't had a holiday for at least five years It is . . . 9. You ought to brush your teeth at least twice a day Your teeth . . 10. Nobody knows anything about the theft Nothing . . 11. Aunt Emily is too deaf to hear what you say Aunt Emily is so . . . . 12. Although I had toothache, I enjoyed the concert In spite . . . . . . . 13. I advise you to pay the bill before the end of the month You had. .

. . . . . 14. Would you like me to make you a cup of tea? Shall . . 13. I have so much work to do that 1 cannot go out this evening I have such . . 16. Nobody has opened this old book for over a hundred years This old book . . . . 412 . . . . . . . 17. He died at die age of ninety He was 18. "Slop making so much noise, children", Rose said Rose told 19. It is five years since Dilek was in Paris Dilek has 20. I last ate chocolate like this when we were in Switzerland I haven't 21. My lather hasn't finished writing the letter yet My lather is 22. The telephone rang At that time I was dancing While 23. Can you take animals into the park? Arc you 24.

1 bought a book It is full of pictures The book 25. You didn't give me the key, so 1 couldn't get in If you 26. May I close the door? Do you mind 27. How long is it since we last went to the cinema? When 28. It is such a pity that you couldn't come to our party I wish 29. It may rain, so take your umbrella! Take your umbrella in 30. What a pity that I cannot live in a house like that I wish 31. Miranda likes geography more than history Miranda doesn't like 32. There is a chance of rain this afternoon It 33. Please don't make such long telephone calls I would rather 34. Why

don't you take it back to the shop? I suggest 413 35. The map is so complicated that you can easily lose your way It is such EXERCISE 304 TRANSFORMATION (3) Complete or combine each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it. Example : I applied for the job because my father encouraged me. If my father. . . . . . . . If my father had not encouraged me, I wouldn't have applied for the job. 1. It is not necessary for me to go to the wedding because I am not a relation I need not 2. I expect you are pleased about your daughter's new job "You must 3. Even though he had a pleasant manner, he isn't a good doctor In spite 4. Tourists keep corning despite the terrible weather Although

5. I am on the point of" losing my temper I am about 6. Many teachers prefer going on a holiday in the summer to working for extra money Many teachers would rather 7. I really must go to the dentist It is time I 8. It is too cold to go outside without a coat It isn't 9. " If I were you, 1 would look for a new job, "said Bill Bill advised 10. Kate wished she had not spent so much time in London 414 Kale regretted 11. As well as speaking Chinese, Janet also speaks Arabic Not only 12. We will have lunch on arrival at the village As soon as 13. The launch of the satellite will not take place if the weather is bad Unless

14. When you arrive at the airport, please collect your hand-luggage On 15. Don't worry! I always work hard Don't worry! I am used to 16. Paul had a moustache, but now he doesn't Paul used EXERCISE 305 TRANSFORMATION (4) Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. You must use between two and five words. Example: We must not allow the fire to spread to the other buildings, (prevent) We must.to the other buildings We must prevent the fire from spreading to the other buildings. 1. Susan was too nervous to say anything, (that) Susan was. . . . not say anything 2. I am sure that somebody saw what happened, (must) Somebody . . . . . . .what happened 3. The painter you recommended is redecorating the house, (having) We. . by that painter you recommended 4.

" Do you know where Zeynep is living?" he said to me (where) He asked me it . . . living 5. Don't forget to contact me if you come to Paris, (touch) Don't forget. . if you come to Paris. 6. We took the exam in a very noisy room, (where) The. . . . . 7. The students haven't finished their homework yet (still) 415 . exam was very noisy. The students . . . . their homework 8. The players did their best, so the manager thanked them, (for) The manager . . . their best 9. I started to learn Spanish a couple of years ago (for) I have . . a couple of years. 10. When did you last see your English teacher? (since) How. . . . . you last saw your English teacher? 11. My father said to me, "Did you enjoy the party?" (enjoyed) My father asked me . . . the party 12. It is a pity that I can’t have a few weeks off (only) If . . . a few weeks off. 13. What a pity

that I am not in Paris now (were) I wish. . . . . in Paris now 14. Don't try to phone the station because the line is engaged now (good) It is. phone the station because the line is engaged now 15. When did your sister get married? (ago) How. . married? 16. Who did your hair at the weekend? (have) Where did. . . . at the weekend? 17. Electric power will drive cars in the future, (be) Cars. . . . . . . . electric power in (he future 18. My sister cannot vole because she is too young, (enough) My sister. . . . . . vote 19. Football doesn't interest me very much, (interested) I . . . . . . . . football 20. I have had enough of listening to all your complaints (fed) I . - - . to all your complaints 21. Please give me your support at the meeting this afternoon, (up) I would like you . . at the meeting this afternoon 22. She is keen on meeting people from other countries, (who) She

wants. . . . from other countries 23. I think Tutankhamun was possibly murdered by a member of his own family, (may) Tulankhamun's murderer . . . family. 24. Whose wallet is this? (belong) Who. to? 416 . . a member of his own 25. Danny writes more clearly than Karen, (as) Karen doesn't. . Danny 26. Despite leaving home early, we missed the beginning of the film, (although) We missed the beginning of the film. . . . . home early 27. I have never seen such a beautiful girl in my life, (most) She . . . I have ever seen in my life 28. "Could you please tell me the time?" Kelly said to me Kelly asked. 29. "Paul, why don't you goby plane?" Hilda said Hilda suggested to Paul. . 30. "You must go to a pub when you go to England", the teacher said to the students The teacher recommended. EXERCISE 306 WORD-FORMATION (1) Complete the following sentences with the

correct forms of the words in brackets. Example : Since the war started, productivity has risen considerably, (produce) 1. Which agency do you work for? (advertise) 2. She was so with her work that she decided to quit her job (bore) 3. It was an act of to jump into the river and save the boy (hero) 417 4. I don't want to leave the children alone; they are very (quarrel) 5 The . of Mount Everest was a great achievement, (conquer) 6. The expedition leader couldn't estimate the 7. The glue is extremely . of the river (wide) . , so try not to gel it on your fingers, (stick) 8. There was no that Jack was the murderer, (prove) 9. Tony always phones at the most . . time when I am busy, (convenient) 10. The pharmacist couldn't read the prescription because the doctors handwriting was (legible) 11. Playing cards is not a very way to spend your time, (produce) 12. Leading are predicting that inflation will rise to over 70 percent

by the end of the year, (economy) 13. Only one applicant for the post had the necessary (qualify) 14. There can be no . that this man is the spy (certain) 15. Mark felt when circumstances forced him to tell a lie (anxious) 16. The investigators completed the job with great . . (efficient) 17. What is the of this room? (long) 18. The police inspector insisted on at meetings, (punctual) 19. It was of you to send flowers when f was in hospital, (thought) 20. The cook added a of sugar to the pudding, (teaspoon) 21. The jury was by the evidence given by the spy (fascinate) 22. The of the plane was scattered over the mountainside, (wreck) 23. Matthew made a full after his illness, (recover) 24. What is the dale of this season ticket? (expire) 25. His . was spent in the country, (child) 26. Their lasted for filly years, (friend) 27. Her face was so white that she looked quite . (ghost) 28. This magazine is about the latest

discoveries, (science) 29. This organization helps ex-prisoners find 30. The . . (employ) for the singer went on for five minutes, (applaud) 31. Don't wear that dress It isn't for a wedding, (suit) 32. Twelve people, six police officers, were taken to hospital, (include) 33. Whoever designed this shopping centre was very . (imagine) 418 EXERCISE 307 WORD - FORMATION (2) Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words in brackets. Example: The height of Mount Ararat is approximately 5165 meters, (high) 1. I have been highly impressed by the . of that lady (beautiful) 2. His sudden in a car accident was a great shock to his family, (die) 3. The door locks itself it anyone ouches it (automatic) 4. is a legal and moral contract between two people, (marry) 5. If he has any with the Mafia, he has to resign immediately, (connect) 6. Failing in the exam was a greatfor my brother, (disappoint) 7. He seemed to be , but in reality he

was only after her money (friend) 8. In his . to make himself understood, he spoke too loudly, (anxious) 9. Now that she has got a job, Lora is . . of her parents, (depend) 10. After the death other parents, Helen was brought up in an (orphan) 11. There is always a of fresh vegetables at this time of the year, (scarce) 12. There is no need to be frightened of the dog He is quite 13. We were lucky to get tickets for the first . . . . (harm) . of the opera, (perform) 14. Have you measured the . of the well? (deep) 15. Don't show any sign of towards your children, (weak) 16. A dictionary can be very when you are learning a foreign language, (use) 17. Hande has got some problems, I think, (psychology) 18. It was a cold day when we got married, (winter) 19. Nobody can understand theof American people, (mental) 20. I hope I didn’t hurt your when I said that, (feel) 21. I am dying of , mother! (hungry) 22. When will the . take

place? (marry) 23. They announced their at the party, (engage) 24. Helena felt a strong to john (attract) 25. She is always dressed, (beautiful) 26. I am very much to meet you (please) 27. We had a very . holiday, (enjoy) 28. We had great in finding anything suitable on the menu, (difficult) . 29. As there wasn't enough rain this winter, there may be water (short) 30. People who live in big cities suffer from . (lonely) 31. between the two families was quite obvious, (hostile) 32. I try not to buy . food, as it is unhealthy (freeze) 33. He asked me what my salary was (month) 419 34. Your father's 35. Take my . . of history is rather limited, (know) . and finish your school before getting married, (advise) EXERCISE 308 WORD - FORMATION (3) Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words in brackets. Example: This building is protected by security guards, (secure) Her. is gelling worse and

worse She is afraid to speak to anybody, (shy) You should read the . , . before you fill in this form, (explain) We had better go by train. The car is too . . for such a long journey, (rely) They finally reached an. on the price of the house, (agree) She inspired me to be more . with my own cooking, (invent) The people here are very kind and. to strangers, (help) Have you noticed the . of these two words? (similar) He is under a lot of. at work, (press) What caused the . of the stadium? (destroy) The government is searching for a . . . to the problem, (solve) In Turkey, general . are held every five years, (elect) After the children went back to school, the house was . quiet, (compare) . people find it easy to produce new and original ideas, (create) The audience was/were . . and soon left the theatre, (bore) Seals are in danger of. .(extinct) The bloodstain on her dress was very . (notice) These strikes are a great. to the country's

economic recovery, (hinder) The government wants big industries to be run with greater . (efficient) What can we do to reduce the . . of the atmosphere? (pollute) Don't be so. ! You have already eaten enough, (greed) Millions of people are threatened with. . (starve) Many of the gases produced by factories are . to our health, (harm) Protecting the environment is essential to our . Many countries must try and control the . . . (survive) . of the pollution, (grow) Whenever I see Eileen, my heart starts healing.(wild) I need a screwdriver to do the job . (proper) 420 I mainly do . work for a living, (clerk) Has your father done the . . . ? (pilgrim) He didn't sound very . . .when I told him about the trip (enthusiasm) Paul Gauguin lived in . . . The storm caused widespread. and discomfort in Paris, (poor) . in the country side, (destroy) The soldier was given a gold medal for his . . in the battle, (brave) Please give details

of your present . .(occupy) . His first attempt to climb up the mountain ended in . . (fail) The soldier was accused of . because he ran away (coward) EXERCISE 309 WORD - FORMATION (4) Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets. Example : I hardly see him these clays as he is very busy, (hard) 1. I am sure you have made the right (choose) 2. I know many people in the Parliament, (influence) 3. The plan may sound but it is working, (ideal) 4. The two sisters were always dressed (identical) 5. Nobody will change the without my knowledge, (regulate) 6. It is in here somewhere; I don’t remember . . . where, (exact) 7. The company has made a lot of in recent years, (invest) 8. Most spiders weave webs that are almost (visible) 9. People living in cities often suffer from . . (lonely) 10. You have made a lot of mistakes You are too (care) 11. A dog will always be to you if you treat it well, (faith) 12. Arnold

is very tall and 13. Unfortunately, your illness is . (muscle) . 14. I cannot put up with his . .(cure) . any longer, (rude) 15. People don't like this place although the prices are (reason) 16. I was surprised at the of everything in the supermarket, (cheap) 17. The war came to an end, to the of everybody (satisfy) 18. If you don't stand up to this man, he will abuse you (merciful) 19. William Tell stands for the spirit of the Swiss people, (hero) 20. Napoleon made no secret of his for England, (hate) 421 21. It is not very of you to stay up so late, (sense) 22. She noticed my and smiled at me (hesitate) 23. I am telling you this in (confident) 24. She will never part with her precious . .(possess) 25. The man looked so and honest that 1 was deceived, (respect) 26. He lived under the 27. He is . . of a strong and brave chief, (protect) . intelligent, in a manner of speak, (compare) 28. I don't have

much belief in his . .(honest) 29. Do you believe in of speech? (free) 30. I find listening to music very . . . (relax) 31. For an old man, he is surprisingly (energy) 32. Investing on the stock exchange can be a business, (risk) 33. Mary was very well brought up; she had . manners, (charm) 34. The meeting was an moment for both of them, (emotion) 35. The police have no right to break up . . demonstrations, (peace) EXERCISE 310 WORD - FORMATION (5) Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets. Example : It is the most important decision of my life, (decide) 1. Taxi-drivers are often very (talk) 2. I cannot put up with your behavior any longer, (child) 3. He is convinced that the plan will work, but I am a bit . about it (sceptic) 4. He was naturally , even more sentimental than we thought, (nostalgia) 5. His from his grandfather was 10000 dollars, (inherit) 6. The number of car crimes is a

nationwide problem, (rise) 7. This money will be reserved for purposes, (charity) 8. 1 can't help admiring him for his . and honesty, (kind) 9. The rubbing of the strap against the skin caused (irritate) 10. The computer is the greatest of the 20th century, (invent) 11. What do you do for a ? (live) 12. There is a terrible famine, so people are dying of . (starve) 13. If I were in your shoes, I wouldn't behave so (rude) 14. She must have felt She didn't look me in the eye (embarrass) 15. You had better describe the jewels to the police, (miss) 422 16. Do you know how this new medical treatment will be? (succeed) 17. The film was so that I couldn't help laughing, (amuse) 18. A man who has . powers is called a wizard, (magic) 19. The dim ale is much warmer in the part of the country, (south) 20. It is only a killer, honey! It won't scratch you (play) 21. Going to the dentist is often a experience, (pain) 22. He

cannot sit still for a moment He is very (rest) 23. He apologized for his (late) 24. I think death penalty is a form of punishment, (barbar) 25. Hilda suffered from after her husband's death, (depress) 26. In those days, she was a woman of great (charming) 27. The police said that it was a offence, (crime) 28. You can feel the . of the lire from here, (warm) 29. The Queen expressed great . about Diana's tragic death (sad) 30. The Government is fighting against all forms of 31. Parents are worried about children's . (discriminate) . in the streets, (safe) 32. , I won't be able to come to the meeting tonight (fortune) 33. We closed the hotel because it had never been . (profit) 34. We had a very day, so we went to bed early, (tire) 35. , most of the scars on her face have disappeared (luck) EXERCISE 311 WORD -FORMATION (6) (PREFIXES) Complete the uncompleted words in the following sentences with one of the

"Prefixes" on the list below. in - un - ir - mis - over - ex - im - il - dis - inter - under - 1. I feel comfortable when there are animals in the house 2. It is a very attractive plan but: quite practical 3. The noise coming from the next door was so loud that it was bearable. 4. The boss got angry with me; I must have said something appropriate 5. I have been waiting at the bus-stop for a long time, so I am gettingpatient 6. In Turkey, it is legal to drive when you are drunk 7. Such appalling competence is virtually heard in this country 8. Sometimes there is a great deal of agreement about what a dream means 423 9. There was sufficient evidence to convict him of the crime 10. Il is possible to find a taxi when it is raining in Istanbul 11. The Prime Minister said that there were many employed people in Turkey 12. Juliet knows a lot of Turkish words, but she tends to pronounce them 13. George was very satisfied with the result of the exam 14.

What is done cannot be done 15. We were surprised by his polite behaviour 16. There was nothing honest about the deal I told you fair and square what the terms were 17. The information we have obtained is accurate 18. The film was good The ending was a bit of a . appointment, though 19. The man was qualified because he had been caught cheating 20. The understanding has arisen from the wording of the letter 21. The expedition leader estimated the width of the river 22. I am sure she has not done anything legal 23. It is a very efficient way of working We are wasting both time and money 24. These statistics are hopelessly .accurate 1 have found four mistakes already 25. While the animals are still mature, they do not breed 26. She never does anything we tell her, she is so responsible 27. If you get the city, it is about an hour quicker than the normal train 28. The problems of poverty, homelessness and unemployment are all connected 29. There was an change of ideas

after the lecture which was very informative 30. The doctor said that the victim had taken a drugs . dose 31. Many people oppose the death penalty because of the possibility of carriages of justice 32. She is full of chief and always playing tricks on people 33. The children got rather excited when they saw their father 34- . all situation is good, despite a few minor problems 35. Turkey, the primary peace-keeper, is burdened EXERCISE 312 WORD - FORMATION (7) (PREFIXES) Complete each sentence with one of the words on the list below. A. dissatisfied disconnected disability discomfort distrust inefficient misinformed underestimated 424 inedible inequalities disadvantage unwilling 1. Paul Gauguin lived in poverty and in Paris 2. The expedition leader length of the river 3. They the television set before repairing it 4. There are a lot of 5. I .between black and white people in the USA . him, so I won’t lend him any money 6. You have been , the

woman was my sister, not my wife 7. The bread was a little bit stale, but not 8. We were trying to change working methods in ihe company 9. The teacher was with the student's work 10. She doesn't retard her blindness as a . . 11. If you want to work in Iraq, it is a not to be able to speak Arabic 12. She is to work in these circumstances B. undesirable unaccustomed misbehaviour unfit unashamed underdeveloped unaffected misunderstood uncertainty unaware unacquainted irreparable 1. I won't tolerate this kind of . in my school 2. My comments were clearly by my friends 3. I am . to speaking in public 4. Most people working here have been by the changes in company policy 5. She stood before the accusers, proud and 6. She was that her son was having problems at school 7. She had no idea where her son and the was upsetting her badly 8. The European parliament gives grants to help countries in Africa 9. Some of these

drugs have side effects 10. She is for a responsible job 11. The American soldiers did . . damage to the mosques in Iraq 12. We are with the works of Shakespeare, 425 EXERCISE 313 WORD - FORMATION (8) (PREFIXES) Complete each sentence with one of the words on the list below. A. inaccurate disadvantage unable dissatisfied illogical indestructible malnutrition misfortune irresponsible improper impossible insecure 1. He was to go to school because he was ill 2. In modern world it is a 3. His not to speak English. . jokes annoyed the women at the party 4. Thousands of children are dying of in Africa 5. It was his . . to be stopped by the inspector when he had left his ticket at home 6. The new tanks were supposed to be virtually 7. George was very with the service at the hotel 8. She fell into with her head of department 9. He couldn’t find it because he was given information. 10. It is. . to reach the

town; all the roads are blocked 11. She never does anything we tell her; she is so . 12. She is feeling. when she is kept in custody B. under developed under estimated discouraged inexperienced insufficiently untimely 1. His friendly attitude disappeared unconscious misled impoliteness independent miscalculated . me into thinking that I could trust him 2. She was for a while after the accident 3. They the difficulty of the task 4. There are many countries in the world 5. She became . after she was turned down for the job 6. The Sun behind the clouds 7. We . the time it would take to get to the station 8. Now that she has got a job, Lara is of her parents 9. If you behave with this sort of to your other customers, I don't think you will remain in business long 10. It is dangerous for an driver to drive a car in the centre of Paris during the rush-hour 11. His death saddened everybody in the own. 12. Helen failed because

she was prepared for her test. 426 EXERCISE 314 WORD - FORMATION (9) (PREFIXES) Complete the following sentences by adding the proper "Suffixes" to the words in brackets. Example : The office records are neat and . . . (order) The office records are neat and orderly. 1. One of the students in the group has applied for Turkish (citizen) 2. Thanks to the wars of terrorism know no borders, (globe) 3. These shoes are uncomfortable because the soles have no 4. The President’s . 5. She spoke . . (flexible) . from office was marked by a special ceremony (depart) about her experiences as a war correspondent, (emotion) 6. Her face remained quite so it was impossible to tell what she thought of my news(emotion) 7. They gave a big to the foundation for the blind, (donate) 8. She had a reputation for his (generous) 9. There is doubt about the . of the company's action in dismissing him (legal) 10. A lot of people prefer

coffee (milk) 11. It was of you to break that coffee cup (care) 12. Thank you for your postcard, it was very . of you to send it (thought) 13. There was a of technical skill, (short) 14. Whal is the most 15. Arthur is a very . restaurant in Istanbul? (fashion) . man; sometimes he talks for twenty minutes without stopping, (talk) 16. It was rather of him to cry when he did badly in the test, (child) 17. He was presented with a gold watch on his .(retire) 18. The surgeon performed surgery because the woman needed a heart 19. She has taken part in several 20. The cardigan is certainly . . (transplant) . of Roman settlements across Europe, (excavate) . as long as you return it in good condition, (exchange) 21. Her from the list of Oscar nominees put her in a foul mood, (exclude) 22. The prisoner had been kept in . for three drays, (isolate) 23. In the past, depended largely on the position of the stars, (navigate) 24. Mary always

leaves home at eight o'clock but today is an 25. They have just moved into anew (neighbour) 427 . ., she is going later, (expect) PROVERBS/WORDS OF WISDOM * A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. * Birds of a feather flock together. * Charity begins at home. * Every cloud has a silver lining. * It never rains but it pours. * A penny saved is a penny earned. * Honey catches more flies than vinegar * No news is good news, * Honesty is the best policy. * Variety is the spice of life. * Better late than never. * Practice makes perfect. * Once bitten, twice shy. * Out of the frying pan, into the fire. * Spare the rod and spoil the child. * Two wrongs don't make a right. * He who hesitates is lost. * Don't put all your eggs in one basket. * An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. * He who pays the piper calls the tune. * Experience is the best teacher. * It is no use crying over spilled milk. * Let sleeping dogs lie. * Misery loves company. *Money is

the root of all evil. * Many hands make light work. * He who laughs last laughs best. * As the twig is bent, so grows the tree. * Good fences make good neighbours. * Never look a gift horse in the mouth. * Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. * When poverty comes in the door, love flies out of the window. * You can tell a book from its cover. * Easier said than done. * Don't trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. 428 * Necessity is the mother of invention. * Two is company, three is a crowd. * Few can lead a horse to water, but you can't make him drink. PROVERBS/WORDS OF WISDOM * You can't teach an old dog new tricks. * Where there is a will, there is a way. * Actions speak louder than words. * A stitch in time saves nine. * When the cat is away, the mice will play. * Give a dog a bad name and hang him. * The early bird catches the worm. * An apple a day keeps the doctor away. * Don't count your chickens before they are hatched. * Don't

put off for tomorrow what you can do today. * A friend in need is a friend indeed. * Blood is thicker than water. * Don't make a mountain out of a molehill. * Too many cooks spoil the broth. * A rolling stone gathers no moss. * Out of sight, out of mind. * Still waters run deep. * Absence makes the heart grow fonder. * The proof of the pudding is in the eating. * A fool and his money are soon parted. * One swallow doesn't make a summer. * Nothing ventured, no thing gained. * First come, first served. * Two heads are better than one. * People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones. * When in Rome, do as the Romans do. * Easy come, easy go. * Make hay while the sun shines. * Strike while the iron is hot. 429 * To err is human, forgive divine. * All that glitters is not gold. * A drowning man will catch at a straw. * Money is a good servant but a bad master. * Penny wise, pound foolish. * All one's geese are swans. * Neither a borrower nor a lender be. *

Jack of all trades, and master of none. * Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. PROVERBS/WORDS OF WISDOM * Every cock crows on his own dunghill. * Coming events cast their shadows before. * The pen is mightier than a sword. * Silence is gulden, speech is silver. * All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. * A trouble shared is a trouble halved. * East or west home is best. * Think twice before you say something. * The roots of education arc bitter but the fruit is .sweet * Imagination is more important than knowledge. * One. who doesn't ask a question remains a fool forever * Laugh, everybody will laugh with you - weep, nobody will weep with you. * A little can da a lot. * Words are loaded pistols. * Bad news travels just. * After a storm comes a calm. * A bad workman always blames his tools. * There is an exception to every rule. * Do not fear when your enemies criticise you. Beware when they applaud * What you really value is what you miss, not what you have. * When a man is

tired of Istanbul, he is tired of life. * Laughter is the best medicine. * Beauty is only shin deep. 430 * You can fool some of the people all of the time, all of the people some of the time, but you cannot fool all of the people all of the time. * Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. * Pride conies before a fall. * Prevention is better than cure. * One good turn deserves another * Nothing succeeds like success. * Better lose the saddle than the horse. * Talk of the devil and you will see his hoofs. * Cleanliness is next to godliness. IRREGULAR VERBS Infinitive Past Past Participle abide abode, abided abode, abided arise arose arisen awake awoke awaked, awoken be (am) was been be (are) were been be (is) was been bear bore borne, born beat beat beaten become became become befall befell befallen 431 begin began begun behold beheld beheld bend bent bent, bended beseech besought besought bet bet, betted

bet, betted betake betook betaken bid bade, bid bidden, bid bind bound bound bite bit bitten bleed Wed bled blend blended, blent blended, blent bless blessed, blest blessed, blest blow blew blown break broke broken breed bred bred bring brought brought broadcast broadcast, broadcasted broadcast, broadcasted build built built burn burnt, burned burnt, burned burst burst burst buy bought bought cast cast cast catch caught caught chide chided, chid chided, chid choose chose chosen cling clung clung come came come cost cost cost creep crept crept cut cut cut dare dared, durt dared deal dealt dealt dig dug dug do did done draw drew drawn dream dreamed, dreamt dreamed, dreamt drink drank drunk 432 drive drove driven dwell dwelt dwelt eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feed fed fed [eel felt felt fight fought fought find found found flee fled fled fling flung flung

fly flew flown forbid forbade, forbad forbidden Forecast forecast, forecasted forecast, forecasted foresee foresaw foreseen foretell foretold foretold forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven forsake forsook forsaken freeze froze frozen get got got, gotten gild guilded, gilt guilded give gave given go went gone grind ground ground grow grew grown hang hung hung hang hanged hanged have had had hear heard heard hide hid hidden hit hi I hit hold held held hurt hurl hurt keep kept kept kneel kneeled, knelt kneeled, knelt knit knitted, knit knitted, knit know knew known 433 lay laid laid lead led led lean leant, leaned leant, leaned leap leapt, leaped leapt, leaped learn learnt, learned learnt, learned leave left left lend lent lent lie lay lain lie lied lied light lit, lighted lit, lighted lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met melt

melted melted, molten misspell misspelt misspelt mistake mistook mistaken misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood mow mowed mown, mowed outrun outran outrun overcast overcast overcast overcome overcame overcome overhear overheard overheard oversleep overslept overslept overtake overtook overtaken overthrow overthrew overthrown pay paid paid prove proved proved, proven put put put quit. quitted, quit quitted, quit read read read relay relaid relaid rend rent, rended rent, rended ride rode ridden ring rang rung run ran run saw sawed sawn, sawed 434 say said said see saw seen seek sought sought sell sold sold send sent sent set set set sew sewed sewn, sewed shake shook shaken shave shaved shaved, shaven shine shone shone shine shined shined shoot shot shot show showed shown, showed shrink shrank, shrunk shrunk, shrunken shut shut shut sing sang sung sink sank sunk

sil sat sat slay slew slain sleep slept slept slide slid slid smell smell, smelled smelt, smelled sow sowed sown, sowed speak spoke spoken speed sped, speeded spelt, speeded spell spell, spelled spelt, spelled spend spent spent spill spilt, spilled spilt, spilled spin spun, span spun spit spat, spit spat, spit split split split spoil spoilt, spoiled spoilt, spoiled spread spread spread spring sprang sprung stand stood stood steal stole stolen slick stuck stuck 435 -sung slung stung strike struck struck swear swore sworn sweat sweat, sweated sweat, sweated sweep swept swept swell swelled swollen, swelled swim swam swum swing swung swung take took taken leach taught taught tear tore torn tell told told think thought thought throw threw thrown undergo underwent undergone understand understood understood undertake undertook undertaken upset upset upset wake woke, waked

woken, waked wear wore worn weave wove, weaved woven, weaved weep wept wept win won won wind wound wound withdraw withdrew withdrew work worked, wrought worked, wrought write wrote written 436