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2010 · 45 page(s) (3 MB)
English
4
April 01 2023
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Hematoma Formation (1 st) (lnflammator Phase ~~. ■ . -. Fracture hematoma ■ blood from broken vessels forms a clot. ■ 6-8 hours after injury ■ swelling and inflammation to dead bon e cells at f racture site Cellular Formation Phase(2 nd ) (Reparative Phase) ~.- ■ .• -. - . . lnflux of endosteal cells from cambium layer FlbrocartHage Soft calllus--,,,jl New blood- -~~ vessets Ca 11 us Formation P::t11 a:seit @ird] (Reparative .Pt:ira~~J 1 . ,. ■ Fibroblasts de.p asit cof[[afgJein fi;r~ll tiie granulation tissue -. ■ : Soft ca11 us: i·s : fö:rme:a,llE=Js;t·s1;·~ -~ :W§ ··. ·, e~ · "~K •A-:-~· 1-,lLJ · ·:·· •··>,.:· r ,:,=S-, ·; ·· :(1i·,:::~ "i:. ; ::. i . l ; I . . fi f n.Q"C .9 :,a , n1~de- , , ,-~: n ,"e,, ~ C~f 9 . . . :, . . . -s~ ,-, . ·,. , .• :.?::,-ö .-,=- , ,-ii i:~--~ ,- ••~-h - ~; .~, - quickly to create rigid immobilization)
B-ony caHus - Spongry---+~ bone Gallus Phase continu,e,dt . . . . ·>•··· . =·- :•.· ,-<.-,e,•,· , .< ■ T he ha rd ca II us Iasts:3 ,4- ·Jrt::a~ n·fP:ts. . ·-. . . . . . . . ·-.· ~- . -. .- . . . . . -;, ■ Hard . · callus . -· a ·g·radü: .• · af rtö:n ., , -· tffetci1 . r·ő;, :f1 .~ ,,:,,li(, ·a~1i :-· J? . · , PJ -P-, ,) :9: oni.ei; Js::-be -·trlA:·i:-n:, -:,·i of s:fre:n,: fh]:::n,ranrct -·-- . ,e,: . · ·, ,--:;;:-, ·;-■ im·m:obJTfze··- - - - - 1 1 »"■ -, •. ,<-.· •-·-•-•X ~1-f t7Q;n·e ·r t1111;í""l ~~·11!•1·z.)a:it;·1 {o•n, ~IAu „ro· ;·e;,lfJLW-, !s, n· ·.lO:i;t•· :;: ;~,o ·, c-~c-- -1~ 1rr:• · 1n:,r·a~ . ~",!~ •-1-~~~{i~~ 1 :~ .~•, ; . - 1 rr:1:• ~:, :1tr ~- ~·- ;- -~lrr • ~ / ~~- ~ -I . , ~ i111d:tBfmn;ifFYs-f~acJ~ ;fi o·ti•a .fl, e ;: -.e~ . , -:: "
,• , , •, , ~/ ,J , <W~J ~-:J:: •: W:TL &·•> i I -- ,;;;- . ;: . ,, :: :I , 1 1 l : ) . ) -1~ Spongy bone ,Q.steoblasts ,9 Bony caHus formation Ossification Phase (4th) cont. ■ Fracture is bridged and united ■ p hase:,-:·5: : ,,•t·.•;•CXt~,lr!:: Remo de1ing -- ■ Remodeling harci ,/;. callu.§ Jai~Ql:nJ]J:9JZfi t):om,e ■ May. take a few-years ■ comp1efe.d·Wh~nfhe f~a cfu:r~á b:a~te m,as b,e.e:,n · reisto,re::d f:a:1ts= : :orrgJ n::a1~f,o•:rm~· OJl sim,a:g:e 1dfR:e "lrf:fi >i ea ör -. tl· .! ,,l ,! t"- tCari :V- }J, ,L.n· ··e ~-~"• : J ., r/f ~1-.~1,star1 , - ✓ (?. ,~ /4~ , ,;,;,r k , -,C- ,,," = ,-,,~ .,, -;, ~-----"k-•~;:;:,. , , silr ~;,e -~-s~-.s-e ;§: rp a·c·erl1,lioJrl~Iíi ·.,-,;T ~ ~~ I ,: ~ .J ;, ;, i,. "--« :./ ;, ,-,-: 1 ;) t J , A -~ . : ··; t - ~ - - -- .
--., Types of Fractures: Spiral or oblique ■ Caused by violence transmitted lhrough limb. fro; m distance (twisting movements) a. Types of Fractures:C.omminuted fracture (Morphology) 91. L , , , -. ·• ■ .- l ~ -. , -. íl ~ .,, . More bone pieces - high energy trauma ■ The distal piece is de.scribed in relatign tg th·e p.roii:maJ piece .a a. Type of Fractures: Poximal Fractures (Location) ■ Fracture can involve the joint: 1ntraarticular ■ results in malalignment of joint surfaces. Crush fractures ■ Fracture in cancellous bone: result of compression (östeopótosis) Avulsion fracture ■ Caused by traction, bony ■ ■• fragment usually torn off by a tendon or ligament. What muscle group attaches to this bony prominence and what nerve also runs in close proximity? Forearm·JI exors<(oom mon flexor origfn) : · .-· .: ■ : . ulbaYtielve ·-,.- BT lnitial Treatment o.f
Fi:r;a:af~uraes • - •·: -·,, -~".; .·· ·r.~•: --.·;rl, ~c;,•. =-:-6>~~:-!T::--,;C ·;.• · · •.,~· . .b b ,(k ■ Red uct 10n, W1 ·1[t{ Í . CCiM : üJa ,. ·n:J~Jr a.ccom pr1s h •- ed by, e:lt, closed (:~léterrta:l 1 . . . ,.,·•· ,,,,,· 1 L. -.-, . . , , , ,, · ti~ .( .-·• ti - -. e· ·re•·•a t~L {1·· r:1·- m·,-e · . n · ; . · a · • : r . , o e n · 1·1llie· · ["r~, . P . . · "·1 t; ~ . . , ~ . ~. , ·a·nClr:a ~! l:it ~· ~ );~ t.,~-~ • t;,:.~ l1i 1 ·t, iv-, l1í••it1J;~ ~ 11 l , , · · ::~ . i ~- . , . "· . , !" e .,L • L . . -·-· · - · - -. . --1· . , (.~· ,-.y 1· • .:e-:: .; . -~ - . - ~ · :,· t :l:·=; ~~ :-~. , --- - . . 1.,, , , , ,: · ,; , , -~ / ," k :.-, --::0-l! ~., ,, • :,,: . ,"1;;~ •· ~,, JL - - : ;<,·.·;,: , . . . - . - 1 -. ~k · . ,· • -·· · ·
, , .,-,; ., ·---· <::-~!t,:«: . -se:. ~--- ~ ~. ~- . -.A :-·: :--.,·r;: 1 - . (" ·:;t · i ;~ ·Y•.- -- ~·-•r·•; . ~-a·ffic-.::,;: , ,,., · , . "i·, .·1 i i . -~ . - - . . Fixation(External Method): External fixation Used far fracture.:s that are· tao unstable far a cast. You can showet and us.e the hand gently with the extern-al fixator in 1aee. -L~ P . -.--· ·-- ·--· ~--• : . te ~ 1. :-: - Fixation (External Method): Traction .,, ~ . .1·~·• . r
B-ony caHus - Spongry---+~ bone Gallus Phase continu,e,dt . . . . ·>•··· . =·- :•.· ,-<.-,e,•,· , .< ■ T he ha rd ca II us Iasts:3 ,4- ·Jrt::a~ n·fP:ts. . ·-. . . . . . . . ·-.· ~- . -. .- . . . . . -;, ■ Hard . · callus . -· a ·g·radü: .• · af rtö:n ., , -· tffetci1 . r·ő;, :f1 .~ ,,:,,li(, ·a~1i :-· J? . · , PJ -P-, ,) :9: oni.ei; Js::-be -·trlA:·i:-n:, -:,·i of s:fre:n,: fh]:::n,ranrct -·-- . ,e,: . · ·, ,--:;;:-, ·;-■ im·m:obJTfze··- - - - - 1 1 »"■ -, •. ,<-.· •-·-•-•X ~1-f t7Q;n·e ·r t1111;í""l ~~·11!•1·z.)a:it;·1 {o•n, ~IAu „ro· ;·e;,lfJLW-, !s, n· ·.lO:i;t•· :;: ;~,o ·, c-~c-- -1~ 1rr:• · 1n:,r·a~ . ~",!~ •-1-~~~{i~~ 1 :~ .~•, ; . - 1 rr:1:• ~:, :1tr ~- ~·- ;- -~lrr • ~ / ~~- ~ -I . , ~ i111d:tBfmn;ifFYs-f~acJ~ ;fi o·ti•a .fl, e ;: -.e~ . , -:: "
,• , , •, , ~/ ,J , <W~J ~-:J:: •: W:TL &·•> i I -- ,;;;- . ;: . ,, :: :I , 1 1 l : ) . ) -1~ Spongy bone ,Q.steoblasts ,9 Bony caHus formation Ossification Phase (4th) cont. ■ Fracture is bridged and united ■ p hase:,-:·5: : ,,•t·.•;•CXt~,lr!:: Remo de1ing -- ■ Remodeling harci ,/;. callu.§ Jai~Ql:nJ]J:9JZfi t):om,e ■ May. take a few-years ■ comp1efe.d·Wh~nfhe f~a cfu:r~á b:a~te m,as b,e.e:,n · reisto,re::d f:a:1ts= : :orrgJ n::a1~f,o•:rm~· OJl sim,a:g:e 1dfR:e "lrf:fi >i ea ör -. tl· .! ,,l ,! t"- tCari :V- }J, ,L.n· ··e ~-~"• : J ., r/f ~1-.~1,star1 , - ✓ (?. ,~ /4~ , ,;,;,r k , -,C- ,,," = ,-,,~ .,, -;, ~-----"k-•~;:;:,. , , silr ~;,e -~-s~-.s-e ;§: rp a·c·erl1,lioJrl~Iíi ·.,-,;T ~ ~~ I ,: ~ .J ;, ;, i,. "--« :./ ;, ,-,-: 1 ;) t J , A -~ . : ··; t - ~ - - -- .
--., Types of Fractures: Spiral or oblique ■ Caused by violence transmitted lhrough limb. fro; m distance (twisting movements) a. Types of Fractures:C.omminuted fracture (Morphology) 91. L , , , -. ·• ■ .- l ~ -. , -. íl ~ .,, . More bone pieces - high energy trauma ■ The distal piece is de.scribed in relatign tg th·e p.roii:maJ piece .a a. Type of Fractures: Poximal Fractures (Location) ■ Fracture can involve the joint: 1ntraarticular ■ results in malalignment of joint surfaces. Crush fractures ■ Fracture in cancellous bone: result of compression (östeopótosis) Avulsion fracture ■ Caused by traction, bony ■ ■• fragment usually torn off by a tendon or ligament. What muscle group attaches to this bony prominence and what nerve also runs in close proximity? Forearm·JI exors<(oom mon flexor origfn) : · .-· .: ■ : . ulbaYtielve ·-,.- BT lnitial Treatment o.f
Fi:r;a:af~uraes • - •·: -·,, -~".; .·· ·r.~•: --.·;rl, ~c;,•. =-:-6>~~:-!T::--,;C ·;.• · · •.,~· . .b b ,(k ■ Red uct 10n, W1 ·1[t{ Í . CCiM : üJa ,. ·n:J~Jr a.ccom pr1s h •- ed by, e:lt, closed (:~léterrta:l 1 . . . ,.,·•· ,,,,,· 1 L. -.-, . . , , , ,, · ti~ .( .-·• ti - -. e· ·re•·•a t~L {1·· r:1·- m·,-e · . n · ; . · a · • : r . , o e n · 1·1llie· · ["r~, . P . . · "·1 t; ~ . . , ~ . ~. , ·a·nClr:a ~! l:it ~· ~ );~ t.,~-~ • t;,:.~ l1i 1 ·t, iv-, l1í••it1J;~ ~ 11 l , , · · ::~ . i ~- . , . "· . , !" e .,L • L . . -·-· · - · - -. . --1· . , (.~· ,-.y 1· • .:e-:: .; . -~ - . - ~ · :,· t :l:·=; ~~ :-~. , --- - . . 1.,, , , , ,: · ,; , , -~ / ," k :.-, --::0-l! ~., ,, • :,,: . ,"1;;~ •· ~,, JL - - : ;<,·.·;,: , . . . - . - 1 -. ~k · . ,· • -·· · ·
, , .,-,; ., ·---· <::-~!t,:«: . -se:. ~--- ~ ~. ~- . -.A :-·: :--.,·r;: 1 - . (" ·:;t · i ;~ ·Y•.- -- ~·-•r·•; . ~-a·ffic-.::,;: , ,,., · , . "i·, .·1 i i . -~ . - - . . Fixation(External Method): External fixation Used far fracture.:s that are· tao unstable far a cast. You can showet and us.e the hand gently with the extern-al fixator in 1aee. -L~ P . -.--· ·-- ·--· ~--• : . te ~ 1. :-: - Fixation (External Method): Traction .,, ~ . .1·~·• . r
When reading, most of us just let a story wash over us, getting lost in the world of the book rather than paying attention to the individual elements of the plot or writing. However, in English class, our teachers ask us to look at the mechanics of the writing.
